Formulae General physics The triangles provide a learning aid. They are not an alternative way of writing the formula. - total time a riod of pendulum = —————_—___ as eS number of swings t ~ number a distance = speed x time d=vt final velocity ~ initial velocity O acceleration = - time =" ifuiso t a weight = mass x gravitational field strength W=mg a density = = volume == Pry O force = mass x acceleration F=ma 9 force = spring constant x extension F=kx > P>PPP PPmoment = force x perpendicular distance M=Fd sum of clockwise moments = sum of anti-clockwise moments Fd, =F,d, momentum = mass x velocity = AN impulse = change in momentum Ft=mv-mu kinetic energy = ; x mass x velocity” a 1 ie ke. = — oe Zid eleN change in gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x change in height ZA useful energy out = x 100% energy in efficiency = efficiency = foe x 100%useful power output x power input efficiency = 100% efficiency = faa x 100% work done = force x distance W=Fd energy transferred = power x time > p> AE = Pt force pressure = ——— area F p=— A fluid pressure = density x gravitational field strength x height p=pgh A> Zo 1b \Thermal physics 9 Boyle's Law: pressure x volume = constant pV = constant P.M, = P2V, thermal capacity = mass x specific heat capacity C=mc /\ fon \e\ change in energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature E=mcae energy transferred = mass x specific latent heat E=ml energy transferred = power x time AE = Pt2 power = current x voltage P=IV VAN 2 energy transferred = current x voltage x time EqIt “es Properties of waves, including light and sound 2 velocity = frequency x wavelength vei f= > tefractive index = sine of angle of incidence, i sine of angle of refraction, r n= sini sinr 5 refractive index = speed of light in vacuum speed of light in material me AN Con 44 1 : asf = requency period1 2 refractive index = ————_______ sine of critical angle n=— sinc a distance = speed x time Electricity and magnetism 9 current = harge és time a resistance = voltage current /. r-v ; J | \ 4 total resistance in series: R, = R, +R, A 1 1 1 0 total tanc arallel: = —=—-+— resistance in paré RR, + R, 9 power = current x voltage P=IV Epenergy transferred = power x time “ee Jo power = current” x resistance yN energy transferred = current x voltage x time ~ WAGON For a transformer: voltage in primary coil _ _number of turnsin primary voltage in secondary coil number of turns in secondary For a 100% efficient transformer: voltage in primary x current in primary = voltage in secondary x current in secondary V,I, =V,I,