THE SEVEN QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS Steps Involved in Constructing Fishbone
Diagram
1.) Process Flow Charts – Diagrammatic view
of various steps in sequential order which 1. Identify the end objective
form an overall process in the organization 2. Construct a Skeleton Diagram
3. Identify the main cause
Steps in Constructing a Process Flow Chart 4. For each main cause, identify next level
causes
1. Define the process
5. Incubate
2. List the steps involved
6. Analyze the causes and make
3. Draw the diagram placing the process
recommendation
steps in boxes in order of their sequence
7. Take Actions
and link each other by an arrow
3.) Check Sheet
4. Analyze the flow chart
Also Known as Tally Sheet
Shapes that are use in making a Process Flow It is a systematic way of recording data.
Chart It can have various causes for customer
dissatisfaction.
Example of Check Sheet
A systematic way of recording data.
Delayed Service- II
Not Clean- IIII
Expensive- I
Poor Treatment- IIII IIII I
2.) Cause and Effect Diagram Too Far- II
Also known as the Fishbone Method
Ishikawa Diagram ( Check Sheet To Study Customer Dissatisfaction
Developed by Prof. Kauro Ishikawa in in a Restaurant)
1943
4.) Scatter Diagram
This helps the user to understand and list
Helps in analyzing the relationship
out all possible causes and effect or a
between two variables.
desired effect.
Although scatter diagram is very powerful
tool, it can easily be misrepresented.
show the relationship between two sets of
data.
Example of Scatter Diagram
The local ice cream shop keeps track of how
much ice cream they sell versus the noon
temperature on that day. Here are their figures for
the last 12 days:
6.) Histogram
Powerful tools for elementary analysis of
data that contain variation.
Developed by AM Gurrey, a French
statistician in 1833.
Introduced by Karl Pearson
a bar graph where the data is represented
in equal intervals. Note that there is no
space between the bars of a histogram
because there shouldn’t be any gaps in
the intervals (0-9, 10-19, 20-29, etc.).
EXAMPLE
Fundamentals of Statistics
It is now easy to see that warmer weather leads
to more sales, but the relationship is not perfect. Statistics is defined as the collection,
organization, analysis, interpretation, and
5.) Pareto Chart presentation of data.
This Principles essentially suggest that
80% of the problem are due to 20% of the A tool to analyze complex problems and
cause. arrive at a conclusion with a high
probability of accuracy.
Helps identify the problems in the
organization which cause the greatest loss A numerical data measurement taken
of profit. from a sample that may used to make
interference about a population.
TERMS USED IN STATISTICS
Parameters- refers to true population value, not
measured directly, but estimated through
statistics.
Population and Sample-a large collection of
items of the same type.
Frequency Distribution- Tabulation or tally of
the number of times given quality characteristics
measurements occurs within the sample product
being checked.
MEAN- the "average" you're used to,
where you add up all the numbers and
then divide by the number of numbers.
MEDIAN- is the "middle" value in the list
of numbers.
To find the median, your numbers
have to be listed in numerical order, so
you may have to rewrite your list first.
MODE- is the value that occurs most
often. If no number is repeated, then there
is no mode for the list.
RANGE- is just the difference between the
largest and smallest values.
Find the mean, median, mode, and range for the
following list of values:
13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
7. Control Charts
Aimed at monitoring the quality of the
process continuously.
Proposed by Walter Shewhart in 1924. to
identify common cause and special cause
variations.
Deming further developed the tool.
