Temperature increase
Higher temperature bodies
emit greater radiation
Radiation emitted Radiation absorbed
> Radiation absorbed > Radiation emitted
All bodies emit
infrared radiation
Temperature decrease
Rate of absorption of radiation
= Rate of emission of radiation
Radiation
Constant temperature
Temperature
5.1: LIGHT AND
Reflection from
Minimum incident angle ELCTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
smooth surface in
one direction
required for all light to
under TIR
(Physics only)
Critical Reflection
Specular
angle
Law of Diffuse
reflection
Reflection from
TIR
rough surface,
KEY
Angle of incidence
causing scattering
‘Higher tier only’
= Angle of reflection
written in green.
Total internal Used in optical
‘Physics only’
reflection
fibres
written in clouds.
EDEXCEL
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
A real image can be A virtual image cannot be
projected onto a screen
projected onto a screen
Always a
Real or virtual virtual image
Rays diverge
image
Rays converge
Negative focal
Convex
Concave
lengths
Positive focal
lengths
5.2: LIGHT AND
ELCTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
Power
LENSES
Depends on
Refraction
(Physics only)
focal length
and shape
The changing of speed, and The shorter the
so direction, as a wave focal length, the
enters a new medium
more powerful
Focal Length
The distance from
Lenses make use of this the lens to the
KEY
effect to cause rays to
converge and diverge
principal focus
‘Physics only’
written in clouds.
EDEXCEL
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
A body that absorbs all
wavelengths of light appears black
A body that reflects all
wavelengths of light appears white
Human eyes can only see a Depends on wavelengths of light
limited range of frequencies
that it absorbs and reflects
Disinfecting water
Vision
Colour
Security marking
Ultraviolet
Visible light
X-Rays 5.3: LIGHT AND Microwaves
Body imaging
ELCTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
Satellite
USES
Communications
Identifying bone
fractures and breakages
Gamma Rays
Radio Waves
Infrared
Radio
Cancer Thermal Imaging
Communications
detection and
treatment
Short-range Broadcasting
communication
KEY
Highly penetrating
‘Physics only’
written in clouds.
EDEXCEL
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
Exposure shielding used by those
regularly working with X-rays
Exposure measuring badges
Controlling exposure
Cell mutation Greater exposure
leading to cancers
means greater risk
X-Rays Exposure
5.4: LIGHT AND Microwaves
ELCTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
Internal heating
DANGERS
of body cells
Gamma Rays
Infrared
Ultraviolet
Cell mutations Damage to eyes
causing cancers
Surface cell damage
leading to skin cancer
EDEXCEL
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
All travel at the same
speed in a vacuum
All travel at the same
speed in a vacuum
Speed of light = 3x10⁸ m/s
Continuous Spectrum
5.5: LIGHT AND
High Frequency
ELCTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Low Frequency
/ Long Wavelength
/ Short Wavelength
Gamma Rays
Radio Waves
X-Rays Microwaves
Ultraviolet
Infrared
Visible light
To remember order: Giant Xylophones Usually Live In Music Rooms
EDEXCEL
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
