29-11-2022 RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS Many problems echanics r is i sn mechanies require analysis in thee dimensions, and for such problems i is n nece endiulat o . often necessary to resolve a fored into its three mutually perpendicular components. The ating at point © has the thre eetangulas componenee Pete FF cso, Where, om Papo 4,4, k= unit vectors inthe direction of x, and se (om, = ieton cosines of F, Where s =e, Fe OR Race In vector fom, Wher, Po aoe Pari+h, jth F = magnitude of force F = F (cos0, 1+ c0s0, | + e030, k) F= FU itm) +nk) F= Fay aeuna buon A Msi GEC Ib, bt) aye mj tink ‘p= unit vector inthe direction of force F 1.25: THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS tote oniaued.. jo In solving three dimensional problems, one must usually find the x, y, and z scalar components of a force, In most cases, the direction of a force is described (a) By two points on the line of action of the force (b) By two angles which orient the line of action (a) Specification by two points on the line of action of the force: If the coordinates of points A and B are known, the force F may be written as sua bane (A rf GCap Bar CG «29-11-2022 + 25: THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS Tobe! () Specification by two angles which orient the ine of action of the force: Ifthe angles 8 and ¢ are known First resolve F into horizontal and . srtical components. i Fy =F cosh rk «Fa F sing is i ‘components. ' cos cost | | f cosb sind | ar | 2 Figure 218 | mi 1 wa Pfr OC tp tH » NUMERICALS BASED ON 3-D FORCE, SYSTEM i EPSRC SE 21) A force F with a magnitude of 100 N is applied atthe origin of the axes any as shown. The line of action of F passes through a point A whose coordinates are 3 m, 4 m ‘and § m. Determine (a) the x, y, and z sealar con{ponents of F (b) the projection F., of Fon the x-y plane and (c) the projection Fog of F plong the line OB, * Solution: Part (a) Writi 1g the force vector F | F=100N G-OIF 4-0 45-0 [B-OF+ =O) 1S=0F F=424i +566) +70.7k So, the desired scalar components are F,=424N F,=56.6N F,=70.7N F= 100 sama jae (an Pfr EC gps, an 6-001 »”NUMERICALS BASED ON 3. Part (b) Projection F,, of Fon the x-y plan Fy =F eos0,, Serr Vitae £050, = 0.7070 So, Fy = 100x0,707 Fy =70.7N c0s0,, = rena base (Au, rot GC ain Bana (C6 44001 NUMERICALS BASED ON FORCE SYSTEM Part (¢) Projection Fog of F along the line OB The unit vactor og along OB is OB _ siser42k oo” jon] Vere area? Nog = 0.688 i + 0.688 j + 0.229 k ‘The scalar projection of F on OB is Fog = Fitgg = (42.4 i + 56.6 j + 70.7 k)(0.688 i + 0.688 j + 0.229 k) Fog = 84.4. ‘The vector projection of Fon OB is Fog = Figg (Mog) = 84.4 (0.688 i + 0.688 j + 0.229 k) Fog = (58.1 1+ 58.1] +19.33 K)N renzo Dai (Ast, Pte, GEC Jer, ae (CG 494001a given Resultant is defined as the simplest force combination which can replace Af. system of forces without altering the external effedt on the rigid ‘body on wi forces act. F, (73 : Fy The concurrent forces may resultant couple M. R=F,+F,+F,+- IF M=M,+M,+M,+ (rx F) The couple vectors are shown through point O, but because they are free vectors, they may be represented in any parallel positions. | P Banjare (Asst Profesor), GEC. Jagdnipuy, | BengcO)ren so 1 yy be added vectorially to produce a resultant force R and also i aenvam 1.26: RESULTANT OF SYSTEM OF FORCES IN SPACE ‘To be Continued... ‘The magnitudes of the resultants and their components are R=EF=(8F,)i+ @Fy)j+(F)k R=EF=(R,)i+(Ry)j+(RkK So, Ry = 2Fx, Ry =ZFy R,= ZF, R = (GRE) ORF pnaoe Bajar (Aas. Profesor, EC Dp,MERICALS BASED ON RESULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM Pom 'Q.22) Determine the resultant of the force and coupl: system which acts on the rectangular sol ' Solution: \ EF = 80-80 EM = 50 (1.6)—70 TF,*0 EMy = 10 EFy = 100-100 EMy = 80% (1.2) -96 EFy =0 My =0 EF, = 50-50 EM, = 100 (1) 100 3F,=0 IM, =0 So, Resultant is So, the resultant moment about is R = (GR) FOR FOR M = (GM FEM) OM R=0 M=10Nn sia jon At Psi GEC as, ar) * NUMERICALS BASED ON RESULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM — —— Sa Solution: Vector Approach ReEF=GRQI+GR)I+ERK | R=EF = (60-80)1+ (100-100) j +(50-$0)k R=EF=0N The sum of moments about O i, Mo = E(exF) = E(exF)y i+ £(P)y j + DeaF pk Mo = E(rxF) = [50%(1.6)- 70] + [80%(1.2) - 96] j + [100x(1) - 100} k Mo=10iNm ' i rename Dasa (Aa Profenor, GEC. appr, Basar(C 454001 %ST NUMERICALS BASED ON RESULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM Q.23) Determine the resultant of the system of parallel fofces which act on the plate. Solve with a vector approach. 4 Solution: Vector Approach i R=ZF=(SF,)i+(EFy)j + (OF) k | R=ZF=(0)i + (500 +200-300-50)j + (0) k R=EF=(350))N ‘The sum of moments about O is, i Mo = E(eXR) = D(reF)y i + Z(e>P)y j + Z(t*F)y k Mo = E(rxF) = [50x(0.35) - 300%(0.35)] i+ [0] j + {-50(0.5) - 200*(0.5)] k Mo = (- 87.5 i~ 125 k) Nam | retna0a P Bj (As, fee), GEC agp, Ban(C.6)}44001 ” NUMERICALS BASED ON RESULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM The placement of R so that it alone represents the abovd: force-couple system is determined by the principle of moments in vector form i xR i le j+zk) x (350) ca Mo = (350x k = 3502i) N.m \ 1 i vhs] As, Mg is already known, | ae 7 Mo 7~ (- 87.5 i~ 125 k) = (350x k ~ 350: So, by comparing it ! Mo=rxZl Mo=(xi+ 350x=- 125 i x=-0357m | Also, -3502"-87.5 2=0.25m pna0 Bajar (As Prof, GEC dur, Basan (CG }494001 *NUMERICALS BASED ON RESULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM. Q.24) Replace the two forces and the| negative wrench by a single force R applied at A and the Torresponding couple Me | ya slant pl 1d th Solution: Vector Approach EF, = 700 sin60® + 500 sino? Ey = 927.61N Fy = 600+ 500 coss0" cos4s° EF, =870,84N EF, = 700 cos60? + $00 cos40? sinds® EF, = 620.84N So, Resultant Vector is R=ZF=(F,) i+ (Fy) j + (EF) k R= EF = 927.61 i+ 870.84 j + 620.84 k So, Magnitude of Resultant is R = (GF FOR) + Grp 1 ORT ETF C7084 + C2084)" : R=1415.85N wenama Buje (At Pole), EC pp, Bur (CG 484001 — NUMERICALS BASED ON RESULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM Now, Resultant couple at A (1) Moment of the 500.N forse about A + Mysso= 1x F = (0.08 i + 0.12 j+ 0.05) x (500 sind + 500 costO costs j+ Mason '500 cos40® sind? k) Mysoo*| i i k 0.08 02 0.05 321.39 270.84 270.84 = i (0.12 «270,84 ~ 0.05 *270.84) — j (0.08 «270.84 - 0.05 321.39) + k (0.08 x270.84—0.12 »321.39) Masao = 18.96 i- 5.60 j- 16.9 k | 1 Baye (Ast Prof, GEC bgp, Bas (C0 )454001 rey Masoo aenaoNUMERICALS BASED ON Rr SULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM Now, Resultant couple at A (2) Moment of the 600 N force about A Mago PF Mason (0.04 i+ 0.12 j- 0.06 K) (600 j) Maso ™ 0.04600 k -0.06%600 i) Magoo = 36 1+ 24 (3) Moment of the 700 N force about A Myre = 1x F | Mazo = (0.1 i+ 0.03 j- 0.06 k) * (700 sin60° i+ 700 cos60°k) | Marne = 0 + 0.1700 cos60® (-j) + 0.03% 700 sin60® (- k) + 0.04% 700 £0360" (1) —0.06%700 sin60° () + 0 Myzoo= 10.5 1—71.4 j - 18.19 & estiaon, NUMERICALS BASED ON RESULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM. |e See a Now, Resultant couple at A (4) Moment of the 25 Nam couple (Negative Wrench) about A | Myas =F * F= unit vector * rF = unit vector * M. Mazs= (-sin40? i—cos40? cos4S? j -c0s40° sin4S®k) x (25) Myas =~ 16.071 ~ 13.54) ~13.54k ‘So, Resultant Moment about A My = Masco* Masoo* Mareo* Maas My (18961; 5.60)- 16994 (9614 241)+ (105 4-714}~ 181919 + (© 16.07 i 13.54 j- 13.54) My = 49.39 1-90.54 j -24.63 k sultant Moment about A i EM FEM) EM)? | (GIB H-9054) (13.54) = 104.02N.m | eta00 Bare (As. Polen, GE Capp, Ban(C.G)-494001tt athe mans centre G. Solution: Vector Approach Resultant Vector is R=ZF= (SF) 4+ (Fy) + (BF) k = (-8)i+(50- 50) j + (0) k SikN So, Magnitude of Resultant is R = (Gh) FGy FOR R = COO OF Meyer F Resky ' Mgs= (5 it 40j-6k) x (-8 i) Now, Resultant couple at mass centre G Mee $00 (a+ 8 (1) Moment of the 8 KN force acting at G about G Magn48j+320k i evan ami tr. tip (0-00 9 t NUMERICALS BASED ON RESULTANT FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM. (2) Moment of the 50 KN force acting at about G Mesoa=F*F Mosea® (5 i-X j-7) (50) Meson = 250 (k) -350() Meson = 3501+ 250 k (@) Moment of the $0 KN force acting at B about G Meson = #X F= (Si -XJ-7) * (50) Meson = 250 (K) + 350 () 3501+ 250k i | Meso 0, Mas f Resultar M = GM) "+GM) +My) So, Resultant Moment about G Mg = Mga* Mgson* Meson Mg = (48 j + 320 k)+ (- 350i + 250 k) + (350i + 250k) M = (+48) + (620)? Mg=48j + 820k kN.m t M=821.40Nm ih Bae (At ote), GEC. apr, Daa (CG 49001 ut“azs) The commercial alrlner le shown in figure 1. engine 3 suddenly le dese nine the resultant of the three Tae commercial mat vector each of which has a magna of 90 KN. Specly they and zcoeceais reais cre which te at of aclon ofthe esltant pases. This information woud Be ciel foe esign eriteria of performance with engine fllure, i “The pulley and gear are subjected tothe londs shown in igure 2. For these forces, determin foree-couple system at point O. the equivalent Figure 2 sue (ha Prin GC Sls, Basi (CG 498008 wena02 EQUILLIBRIUM OF SPATIAL SYSTEM OF FORCES > It is also known as equilibrium of three dimensional force system. > Resultant force and resultant couple on a body id equilibrium must be zero. > These two vector equations of equilibrium and their. scalar components may be written as ! Force Equations i Moment Equations =IF=0 (in Vector) i =M=0 (In Vector) OR 1 OR (In Scalar) (tn Sealat) pao Bajar (Aas refer, GEC Jp, Bana (CG }45401Bie (asa) Cpa, Bar (C.0 01 T 1.2! aeneam CATEGORIES OF EQUILLIBRIUM IN 3-DIMENSIONS EFx=0 IF,=0 arn (As ofr), GCS, Bus (CG)-494001 EMy=0 — =M,=0 EMy= (2) EMy=0 (3) EM,=01.29: FBD FOR VARIOUS TYPE OF CONTACTS IN 3-D 1. Member in contact with smonth surface or ball-supported member z 2 * i a” Wy i senaees be (ho, Pte. CC. Bas CG) en, i 1.29: FBD FOR VARIOUS TYPE OF CONTACTS IN 3-D no rena ase (Ant afer, GEC php, Bsa (C6)-4001.29; FBD FOR VARIOUS TYPE OF CONTACTS IN 3-D S oem 5. Fixed connection (embedded or welded) z R, ape ees hm, {Q.28) Determine the tensions in cables AB, AC and AD. r Solution: Writing the force vector Tyy P= Fnp=F tgp | Tao = Tao Be= Tan Mao | B : Tao = Tao jadi ' i ep, Semis ose) aso) Tyo" Tan Je-one-05-OHOS-OF Tap = Tap (0.62 1 0.15 j + 0.77 K) Writing the force vector Tac Tyo Tae Be™ Tac Bac Ke Tac Tac jag, | (0-0) 1+ .25-O)42S-OK | Tre = Tac Joq-oytr(a25-0) +(25-0)* TyestaTac (01+ 0.45 j + 0:85 yue(a prionen GC nen, dui G91 |fom — NUMERICALS BASED ON EUILIBRIUM FOR 3-D FORC! ‘Writing the force vector Tap aF,=0 Tan = Tas Me Tan Ma 0.77T ag, + 0.89T pc + 0-84Tan = 120*9.81 Te" Ta By solving above 3 equations ey Typ = 4T1.52N (C1S-0)14 (05-09) 425-0) Tye 7373.73N Tan = TaD [eaS-O)F + 05-0) 425-0 Tap = Tag (-0.51 i- 0.17 j + 0.84 k) Typ = 573.23 N Now, equilibrium equations EFy=0 0.62T gp + 0.T ae 0.5T aq = 0 ZFy=0 0.15 Typ + 04ST ye—0.17T y= 0 (). @) rename Beja Penn, GEC: Bae! @) ww NUMERICALS BASED ON EUILIBRIUM FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM ported by 29) The uniform 7 m ste shaft Siti ith vertical wal Horizontal floor. The ball end B rests against the smoot walls and the floor on the ends of the shaft. Solution: Vector Approach a, W=mg=200%9.81 = 1962N AC= VOPR = V0 AB = (ACH(BC? 1= (904 OY h=3m - ‘As we know that, resultant couple at ball ‘and socket joint Ais zero. So we are going to find moment about A due to forces W, B, and B, then equate it zero. pena aru (Awe, Pfemr). 3.EC Jaap, Basa (C6.}494001 of 200 kg ands sop ball and socket joint at A in the fy as shown. Compute the forces exerted by theNUMERICALS BASED ON EUILIBRIUM FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM frm inriementaf in ele WarneaL beat a oe] made ™ Marek My (ci-3j4 158) *( 1962 8) My = 1962) + $886.) ! M,=$8861- 1962 2) Moment of the forces asting at B about Myer x P= (21-6543) (8 1+B)) My==2B, (k) 6B, (4) +3B,0)+3B, M;=-38,i+38,j+(6B,-28)k | As we know that, resultant couple at ball and socket joint A Is zero. So we are going to find ‘So, Resultant Moment about A | moment about A due to forces W, B, and B, M,=M,+ My i then equate it zero. My = (5886 5 1962 j} [i+] + (6B, -2,) K| M,= (5886-3B,) i+ (B,- 1962) j + (6B) -28,) k i 1 ein lt in, a6 ws Me ErxF=(2My)i+ (EMy)j + (EMz) k= 0 NUMERICALS BASED ON EUILIBRIUM FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM em ee MaZexF=(EMy)i+(2My)j+(EM)k=0 EFy=0 EM, =0 B-A=0 5886 3B,=0 { 1962-A,=0 B= 1962N \ A,=1962N IMy=0 i 3B,- 19620 i ZF,=0 B,=654N A-W=0 A,= 1962 ow. apply equilibrium equation for forces R=IF=(5F,)i+ (EFy)j + (Fk =O So, resultan, reaction at Ais A= OOF HOD EFy=0 1 By-A, | [CEA HATED 654-A,=0 i A=2850.72N A,=654N I Be (A, Prof) GEC it, Baar (CG 400) ue ayamits | SEES ESOS NUMERICALS BASED ON EUILIBRIUM FOR 3-D FORCE SYSTEM Scalar Solution rry=0 M=EexF=(@M,)i+(EM)j+(EM)k=0 — By-A=0" IMy=0 1962-A,=0 1962*3 -3B,=0 A,= 1962 B= 1962 My =0 SF,=0 3B,- 19621 =0 A-We0 B= 654N A,= 1962 ‘Now, apply equilibrium equation for forces R=IF=(2F,)i+ (2Fy)j + (2F,)k=0 ‘So, resultant reaction at Ais TFy=0 A= DAHA B.-A,-0 A = (CHASED HABE 654-A,=0 A= 2850.72N A= 654N rena Bj (Ant Pri GEC ular, Br -0101 wDi errrcrerrre revere ri DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING JHADA SIRHA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE JAGDALPUR, BASTAR (C.G.)-494001 Course: Engineering Mechanics | Course Code: B037313(037) | TUTORIAL-1 Q.1) The two structural members as shown in fig.1, one of which is in tension and the other in compression, exert the indicated forces on joint O. Determine the magnitude of the resultant R of the two forees and the angle @ which R makes with the positive x-axis. Q.2) In the design of a control mechanism as shown in fig.2, it is determined that rod AB transmits a 260 N force P to the crank BC. Determine the x and y scalar components of P. Q.3) The t-component of the force F ig known to be 75 N as shown in fig.3. Determine the n- component and the magnitude of F. | Fig ; Fie Fig3 QA) The two forces shown act at point A ofthe bent bar as shown in fig. Determine the resultant R of the two forces. | Q45) Determine the magnitude Fs of the tensile spring force (as shown in fig) in order that the resultant of Fs and F is a vertical force. Determine the magnitude R of this vertical resultant force (Q.6) Determine the resultant R of the two forces shown in fig.6, mere Figs Fig6 Figd Q.7) It is desired to remove the spike from the timber by applying foree along its horizontal axis as shown in fig,7. An obstruction A prevents direct access, so that two forces, one 1.6 KN and the other P, are applied by cables as shown. Compute the magnitude of P necessary to ensure a resultant iT directed along the spike. Also find T— rT-rrrrrrrs—S~srs=S—SiSsSC ay cables AB and AC are attached tothe top ofthe transmission tower as shown in fig Fhcable AC is SKN. Determine the required tension Tin cable AB such that the net effect Te tensions isa downward force t point A. determine the magnitude R of this downward Qs) The The tension ofthe two cab Fig7 -ig8 Fig9 (09) Calculate the magnitude of the monent about the base point O ofthe 600 N fore (10) In steadily tuming the water pump a person exerts the 120 N force on the handle as shown in figure. Determine the moment of this force about point O. Q.11) A force F of magnitude 60 N is applied tothe gear. Determine the torque induced, 12) Caloulate the moment of the 250 N foree on the handle of the monkey wrench about the centre of the bolt. Fig.10 Fig. Fig.12 Q.13) A mechanic pulls on the 13 mm chmbination wrench with the 140 N force shown. Determine the moment of this force about the bolt centre O. Q.14) The 10 N force is applied to the handle of the hydraulic control valve as shown in figure. Calculate the moment of this force about point O. { poredt 2 Vg Few A 280 mn Fig13 Figd4