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Composition of Functions

This document defines and provides examples of operations on functions, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, composition, and evaluating composite functions. It presents the definitions for summing, subtracting, multiplying and dividing two functions point-wise. Function composition is defined as applying one function to the output of another. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating composite functions at different input values.

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Jerom Lexther Mission Esposo
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1K views20 pages

Composition of Functions

This document defines and provides examples of operations on functions, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, composition, and evaluating composite functions. It presents the definitions for summing, subtracting, multiplying and dividing two functions point-wise. Function composition is defined as applying one function to the output of another. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating composite functions at different input values.

Uploaded by

Jerom Lexther Mission Esposo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1

OPERATION
ON FUNCTIONS
2
OBJECTIVES:
1. define operations on functions
2. identify the different operations on functions.
3. perform addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, and composition of functions

3
Definition. Let f and g be functions.
1.Their sum, denoted by 𝑓 + 𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥).
2. Their difference, denoted by 𝑓 − 𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥).
3. Their product, denoted by 𝑓 • 𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝑓 • 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) • 𝑔(𝑥).
4. Their quotient, denoted by 𝑓/𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝑓/𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)/𝑔(𝑥), excluding the values of x where 𝑔(𝑥) = 0.

5. The composite function denoted by (𝑓 ° 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)). The


process of obtaining a composite function is called function
composition.
4
ACTIVITY
GIVEN: 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 4, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = −2𝑥
EVALUATE:
1. 𝑓 + 𝑔 −2 =4

2. 𝑓 − 𝑔 4 = 20

3. 𝑓𝑔 −3 = 30

𝑔 10
4. 𝑓
(−5) =
21
5
ACTIVITY
GIVEN: 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 4, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = −2𝑥
EVALUATE:
1. 𝑓 + 𝑔 3 = −1

2. 𝑓 − 𝑔 3 = 11

3. 𝑓𝑔 3 = −30

𝑔 5
4. 𝑓
(3) = −
6
6
COMPOSITION
OF FUNCTION
7
Composition of Functions

Let 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 be functions. The


composition of functions f with 𝑔 ,
denoted by (𝑓 ○ 𝑔) and read as
“𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑔”, is the new function resulted
by performing g first then performing
𝑓 on the result of 𝑔. 8
Composition of Functions

𝑓 ○𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑔 𝑥 )

9
Composition of Functions

For example, f(x)= x2 and g = x + 2,


then write (f ○ g)(x).
(f ○ g)(x) = f(g(x))
= f(x+2)
= (x+2)2
= x2 + 4x +4
10
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
GIVEN: 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 1
EVALUATE:
1. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥)

2. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔 𝑥

3. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(4)

11
SOLUTION
GIVEN: 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 1
EVALUATE:
1. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓 𝑥 )
= 𝑔(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)
2
= 3 𝑥− 2𝑥) + 1
(𝑥
2
= 3𝑥 −6𝑥 +1

12
SOLUTION
GIVEN: 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 1
EVALUATE:
2. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑔 𝑥 )
= 𝑓(3𝑥 + 1)
= (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)
= (3𝑥 + 1) 2 −2(3𝑥 + 1)
2
= 9𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 1−6𝑥 −2
2
= 9𝑥 −1

13
SOLUTION
GIVEN: 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 1
EVALUATE:
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑔(8)
3. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(4) = 𝑔(𝑓 4 ) 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 1
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓(4) 𝑔 8 = 3(8) + 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 𝑔 8 = 25
𝑓 4 = (4)2 −2(4)
𝑓 4 =8

Then, (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(4) = 𝑔(𝑓 4 ) = 25

14
EXAMPLE 2
GIVEN: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 h(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2
EVALUATE:
1. (𝑓 ○ 𝑕)(𝑥)

2. 𝑓 ○ 𝑕 4

3. (𝑕 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥)

15
SOLUTION
GIVEN:𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑕(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2
EVALUATE:
1. (𝑓 ○ 𝑕)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑕 𝑥 )
= 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6
𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = 𝒙 + 𝟐 2 + 5(𝒙 + 𝟐) + 6
= 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 5𝑥 + 10 + 6
= 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 20

16
SOLUTION
GIVEN:𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑕(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2
EVALUATE:
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓(6)
2. (𝑓 ○ 𝑕)(4) = 𝑓(𝑕 4 ) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑕(4) 𝑓 6 = (6)2 +5(6) + 6
𝑕 𝑥 =𝑥 + 2 𝑓 6 = 36 + 30 + 6
𝑕 4 =4 + 2 𝑓 6 = 72
𝑕 4 =6

Then, (𝑓 ○ 𝑕)(4) = 𝑓(𝑕 4 ) = 72

17
SOLUTION
GIVEN:𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑕(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2
EVALUATE:
3. (𝑕 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑕(𝑓 𝑥 )
= 𝑕(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6)
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑕(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2
𝑕(𝑥 + 2) = (𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6) + 2
= 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 8

18
EXERCISES
GIVEN: 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 5, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = −5𝑥
EVALUATE:
1. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = −15𝑥 − 25

2. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔 𝑥 = −15𝑥 + 5

3. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔 −2 = 35

19
20

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