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Exp 5 Simple Pendulum

This document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity using a simple pendulum. A graph of length (L) vs period squared (T^2) is plotted, from which the acceleration due to gravity and length of a seconds pendulum can be calculated. Observations of time periods for different pendulum lengths are recorded and used to calculate values for the graph and acceleration due to gravity.

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Priti Upadhyay
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977 views2 pages

Exp 5 Simple Pendulum

This document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity using a simple pendulum. A graph of length (L) vs period squared (T^2) is plotted, from which the acceleration due to gravity and length of a seconds pendulum can be calculated. Observations of time periods for different pendulum lengths are recorded and used to calculate values for the graph and acceleration due to gravity.

Uploaded by

Priti Upadhyay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Simple pendulum

Scale
Origin (0,0)
Along X axis, 10 division = 10 cm

𝑇 2 in sec2
Along Y axis, 10 division = 1 s2

A B

ℓ in cm

ℓ - T2 graph

OBSERVATIONS &CALCULATIONS
Radius of bob ( r ) = 0.9 cm

Length Time of 20
Length of Period 𝓵
to the oscillations T2
Sl top Pendulum observations T= 𝑡 20 sec2 𝑻𝟐
cm/sec2
No of bob ℓ 1 2 Mean ( three
( four
ℓ-r (cm) (t) sec deci.place)
deci.place)
(sec) (sec) sec
(cm)
1 39.1 40
2 49.1 50
3
4
5

ℓ
Mean = ……….…… cm/s2
𝑇2

= …..…….…. m/s2
Acceleration due to gravity
ℓ
By calculation g = 4𝜋 2 ( 2) = 4x3.142x………… cm/s2 = ……………… m/s2
𝑇

AB
From graph g = 4𝜋 2 ( ) = 4x3.142x………… cm/s2 = ……………… m/s2
𝐵𝐶

Time period of seconds pendulum T= 2 s Then T2=4 s2 then the corresponding


Length of seconds pendulum =……………...cm
= ……………...m
Experiment No - 5
To plot L-T2 graph of a simple pendulum and hence
determine effective length of seconds pendulum.
AIM
1. To draw ℓ - T2 graph of a simple pendulum
2. To determine acceleration due to gravity at the place
3. To find length of seconds pendulum
APPARATUS
Simple pendulum, meter Scale, stop clock
THEORY
For small amplitudes of oscillation the time period of a pendulum is given by
ℓ
T =2𝜋√
𝑔
ℓ ℓ
Acceleration due to gravity at the place g = 4𝜋 2 2 , ie 2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑇 𝑇
ℓ = Length of the pendulum (distance from point of suspension to the centre of the bob)
T = time period (time for one oscillation)
acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s2
ℓ
The ℓ - T2 graph is a straight line and its slope gives 2
𝑇
If time period of a pendulum is two, it is called as a second’s pendulum
PROCEDURE
The distance from point of suspension to the top of the bob is set as 39.1 cm so that length
of pendulum (ℓ) is 40 cm. Now the pendulum is allowed to oscillate with small amplitude.
The time for 20 oscillations is measured using stop clock. It is repeated and mean time (t) is
found out. Hence time period T is determined. The experiment is repeated for increasing
length of pendulum such that,
ℓ
ℓ = 50, 55, 90, 100. In each case 2 is calculated. Then mean value of
𝑇
ℓ
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑇2

ℓ - T2 graph
A graph is plotted with ℓ along the X axis and T2 along the Y axis. From the graph
acceleration due to gravity and length of second’s pendulum are calculated.
RESULT
1. ℓ - T2 graph is found to be a straight line.
2. Acceleration due to gravity at the place
By calculation = …………….… m/s2
From graph = ………………. m/s2
3. Length of seconds pendulum from graph =………………. m

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