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In this post we’re going to show you how to use a multimeter. This post is mostly addressed for beginners
who are starting out in electronics and have no idea how to use a multimeter and how it can be useful.
We’ll explore the most common features on a multimeter and how to measure current, voltage, resistance
and how to check continuity.
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Recommended reading: Best Multimeters Under $50.
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A multimeter allows you to understand what is going on in your circuits. Whenever something in your
circuit isn’t working, the multimeter will help you troubleshooting. Here’s some situations in electronics
projects that you’ll find the multimeter useful:
These and other questions can be answered with the help of a multimeter.
Selecting a multimeter
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You can find a wide variety of multimeters with different functionalities and accuracy. A basic multimeter
costs about $5 and measures the three simplest but most important values in your circuit: voltage,
current, and resistance.
However you can guess that this multimeter won’t last longer and isn’t very accurate. The best multimeter
for you will depend on what you intend to do, if you’re a beginner or a professional electrician, and on
your budget.
If you need help selecting a multimeter, check our post on Maker Advisor about Best Multimeters Under
$50.
Probes: a multimeter comes with two probes. Generally one is red and the other is black.
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Note: There isn’t any difference between the red and the black probes, just the color.
Ports
The “COM” or “–“ port is where the black probe should be connected. The COM probe is conventionally
black.
Measuring Voltage
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You can measure DC voltage or AC voltage. The V with a straight line means DC voltage.
To measure voltage:
1. Set the mode to V with a wavy line if you’re measuring AC voltage or to the V with a straight line if
you’re measuring DC voltage.
2. Make sure the red probe is connected to the port with a V next to it.
3. Connect the red probe to the positive side of your component, which is where the current is coming
from.
4. Connect the COM probe to the other side of your component.
5. Read the value on the display.
Tip: to measure voltage you have to connect your multimeter in parallel with the component you want to
measure the voltage. Placing the multimeter in parallel is placing each probe along the leads of the
component you want to measure the voltage.
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In this example we’re going to measure the voltage of a 1.5V battery. You know that you’ll have
approximately 1.5V. So, you should select a range with the selection knob that can read the 1.5V. So you
should select 2V in the case of this multimeter. If you have an autorange multimeter, you don’t have to
worry about the range you need to select.
What if you didn’t know what was the value of the voltage? If you need to measure the voltage of
something, and you don’t know the range in which the value will fall under, you need to try several
ranges.
If the range you’ve selected is lower than the real value, on the display you’ll read 1 as shown in the
picture below. The 1 means that the voltage is higher than the range you’ve selected.
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If you select a higher range, most part of the times you’ll be able to read the value of the voltage, but with
less accuracy.
What happens if you switch the red and the black probe?
Nothing dangerous will happen. The reading on the multimeter has the same value, but it’s negative.
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Example: measuring voltage in a circuit
In this example we’ll show you how to measure the voltage drop across a resistor in a simple circuit. This
example circuit lights up an LED.
TIP: two components in parallel share voltage, so you should connect the multimeter probes in parallel
with the component you want to measure the voltage.
To wire the circuit you need to connect an LED to 9V battery through a 470 Ohm resistor.
1. You just have to place the red probe in one lead of the resistor and the black probe on the other
lead of the resistor.
2. The red probe should be connected to the part that the current is coming from.
3. Also, don’t forget to make sure the probes are plugged in the right ports.
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Measuring Current
To measure current you need to bear in mind that components in series share a current. So, you need to
connect your multimeter in series with your circuit.
TIP: to place the multimeter in series, you need to place the red probe on the lead of a component and
the black probe on the next component lead. The multimeter acts as if it was a wire in your circuit. If you
disconnect the multimeter, your circuit won’t work.
Before measuring the current, be sure that you’ve plugged in the red probe in the right port, in this case
µAmA. In the example below, the same circuit of the previous example is used. The multimeter is part of
the circuit.
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Measuring Resistance
Plug the red probe into the right port and turn the selection knob to the resistance section. Then, connect
the probes to the resistor leads. The way you connect the leads doesn’t matter, the result is the same.
Checking Continuity
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Most multimeters provide a feature that allows you to test the continuity of your circuit. This allows you to
easily detect bugs such as faulty wires. It also helps you check if two points of the circuit are connected.
To use this functionality select the mode that look like a speaker.
If there is very low resistance between two points, which is less than a few ohms, the two points are
electrically connected and you’ll hear a continuous sound.
If the sound isn’t continuous or if you don’t hear any sound at all, it means that what you’re testing has a
faulty connection or isn’t connected at all.
WARNING: To test continuity you should turn off the system! Turn off the power supply!
Touch the two probes together and, as they are connected, you’ll hear a continuous sound.
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To test the continuity of a wire, you just need to connect each probe to the wire tips.
Wrapping up
A multimeter is an essential tool in any electronics lab. In this Beginner’s Guide, we’ve shown you How
To Use a Multimeter. You’ve learned how to measure voltage, current and resistance, and how to check
continuity.
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