Cubes and Cube Roots To find out the cube root of a number, the reader is advised to recall the cubes of first ten natural numbers. ‘The cube root of a number can be identified using the end digit of those perfect cubes. ‘The following table illustrates how to find easily the cube roots of the given numbers (perfect cubes). If the number Its cube root will ends with digit end with digit 1 1 2 8 3 7 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 3 8 2 9 9 TO FIND CUBES OF TWO-DIGIT NUMBERS. Step 1 Write down the cubes of digit in tenth place in a row of 4 figures. The other three numbers should be written in a geometrical ratio which exists between the unit's place and tenth place of given number, Step II Write down under the second and third numbers, just two times of second and third number. Then add up the two rows. EXAMPLE 1 Find the value of (12)*. Solution Step1 Tens’ digit is 1. So write the cube of 1. The ratio between the unit's digit and ten’s digit is 2 : 1, so, the next digit will be double the previous one. 214Cubes and Cube Roots 215 So the first row is 1248 Step II Inthe above row, the 2nd and 3rd elements are 2 and 4. Double these numbers and write below them. Then add up the two rows. 1 2 4 8 4 8 1 6x_12 8 1 7 2 8 :. The number is 1728 EXAMPLE 2 Find the value of (11)°. Solution StepI 1 1 1 1 Step II 1 3 3 O21 + (1D§= 1381 EXAMPLE 8 Find the value of (16)° Solution StepI LV 16! 16? 1°6° ie 1 6 36 216 Step II 2 72 “1 18 108 216 Place carry over to left in each place. 4 30 129 216 Read all end digits i.e. 4096 (16)° = 4096 EXAMPLE 4 Find the value of (18)*. Solution Step I 1 18! 118? 19.88 ive. 1 8 64 512 Step II 16128 Adduptherows 1 24 192 512 Place carry over to left in each place. Read all end digits i.e. 5882 5 48 «243512 ” (18) = 5832 EXAMPLE 5 Find the value of (17)*. Solution StepI 1 12.7!) 187? 19.78 ie 1 7 49 348 Step II 7x2 49x2 ie. 4 (98 Add up to two rows 1 7 49 343 14 98 1 21) 147343, 4 39 181 343216 Quantitative Aptitude (@ In the unit's place, write down 3 and carry 34. (ii) In the tens’ place 49 + 98 + 34 = 181, Write down 1 and carry 18 (iii) In the hundredth place, 7 + 14 + 18 = 39. Write down 9 and carry 3. (iv) In the thousandth place, 1 +3 =4. 2 (178 = 4918 EXAMPLE 6 Find the value of (19)°. Solution StepI 1° 129! 119? 1°93 ie 1 9 81 729 Step II 9x2 81x2 Le. 18 162 Add upto two rows, 1 9 81 729 18 162 1+ 27+ 243+ 729 5 81 72 6 58 315 729 (i) In the unit's place write 9 and carry 72 (ii) In the tens’ place, 81 + 162 + 72 = 315. Write down 5 and carry 31. (iii) In the hundredth place, 9 + 18 + 31 = 58. Write down 8 and carry 5 (iv) 1+5=6, Write it down in the thousandth place. +. (19)° = 6859 EXAMPLE 7 Find 9/1331. Solution 31331 = 10x V1.331 3/1331 lies between 1 and 2. Since the end digit of the cube is 1, the cube root will also end with 1 root is 10x 1.1= 11 3/331 sll EXAMPLE 8 Find 903823. Solution 3103823 = 10 x 103.823 103.823 lies between 4 and 5 since the end digit of perfect cube is 3, the cube root will end with 7. 2. The root is 10x 4.7 = 47 EXAMPLE 9 Find 9992727. Solution 91092727 =10 x {1092.727 3/1092.727 lies between 10 and 11. Since the end digit of perfect cube is 7, the cube root will end with 3. <. The root is 10 x 10.3 = 103Cubes and Cube Roots 217 EXERCISES 1. Find the cubes of the following numbers: (a) 26 (b) 27 © 32 (@) 49 (©) 43 © 51 @) 53 (h) 57 @ 64 @ 69 (k) 73 @ 92 (m) 95 2, Find the cube roots of the following: (a) 941192 (b) 681472 (© 884736 (@) 405224 (e) 250047 (®) 551368 (@) 753571 (h) 614125 (@ 300763 @) 389017 (k) 704969 3. Find the cube root of 0.000216 (@) 0.6 (b) 0.06 (©) 0.006 (@ None of these 4, Find the cube root of 0.000729. (@) 0.9 (b) 0.09 (©) 0.009 (@ None of these 5, Smallest five-digit number which is a perfect cube is, (a) 10961 (b) 10648 (©) 10968 (@ 10689 6. What is the smallest number by which 5600 must be divided to make it a perfect cube? @) 7 (b) 70 @u @ 700 7. The least perfect cube which is completely divisible by 21, 24 and 27 is (a) 70488 (b) 78048 (©) 74088 (@) 78084 8. Find the least number by which 4800 should be multiplied to make it a perfect cube. (a) 75 (b) 50 © 45 (@) 30 we 3) 46) 50) 6@ 70 8&© WY Solutions with Necessary Explanation [Hint: Students are advised to workout yourself remaining exercises for which only answers are given in the following manner] 1. (@) (26)°= 2 Px6 2x6 6? Row 8 24 72 216 Row IL 48 144 Addtandtl 8 72 216 216 Write ‘6’ in the unit place and carry 21 to 10th place. Then 216 + 21 = 237. Write ‘7’ in the tenth place and carry 23 to 100th place. ie, 72423=95 Write ‘5’ in the hundredth place and carry 9 to thousandth place ie. 8 + 9 = 17. Hence (26)° = 17576218 Quantitative Aptitude © @ (hy Oo (m) (32)= 3 3?x2 3x2? 2° Rowlie. 27 18 12 8 Row II 3624 1+Il 274 S44 36 8 5 3 32.37 1 6 8 Hence (32)° = 32768 (49y°= 4 4x9 4x9? 9? Row] 64 144 324 729 0 288 648 +l G4 4324 972+ 729 Carry} 53 104 72 117 536 1044 6 49 Hence (49)° = 117649 (7)%= 3° 5?x7 Sx? 7 Row! 125 175 245 343 0 350 _490 1+Ml [953254 735+ 343 Carry} 60 76 34 185 601 769 19 3 Hence (67)° = 185193 698 6 6x9 6x9? 9? Rowl 216 324 486729 ul 648 972 14M 2164 972+ 14584 729 Carry} 112 15372 328 1125 1530 5 0 9 Hence (69)° = 328509 (95) 98 x5 9xs? 5? Rowl 729 405 225 125 Row IT 810 _ 450 I+ 729” 1215+ 675+ 125 Carry} 128 6812 857 1283 687 3 7 5 Hence (95)° = 857375 ¥o41192 = 10x 941.192 041.192 lies between 9 and 10. Cube ends with 2 and so cube root will end with 8. + Yoar.192 =9.8 Hence 9941192 =10x9.8 = 98Cubes and Cube Roots 219 (©) YB84736 = 10x YB84.736 ¥884.736 lies between 9 and 10. Cube ends with 6 and so cube root will end with ‘6. 884.736 =9.6 Hence 884736 = 109.6 =96 (©) 250047 =10 x ¥250.047 {250.047 lies between 6 and 7. Cube root will end with ‘3’ as cube end with ‘7’ 9250.047 = 6.3 ¥250047 = 10x6.3=63 (©) 753571 = 10x 4753571 {753.571 lies between 9 and 10. Cube root will end with ‘I’ as cube end with ‘1’ 3753571 =9.1 37753571 = 10x 9. (h) 614125 = 10x Ye14.125 ¥614.125 lies between 8 and 9. Cube root will end with ‘5’ as cube end with ‘5’ « ¥e1ai2s =8.5 s V6ISI25 = 10x 8.5 =85 () ¥389017 = 10x ¥389.017 {389.017 lies between 7 and 8. Cube root will end with ‘3’ as cube end with ‘7’. 389.017 =7.3 9389017 =10x7.3=73 (&) ¥704969 = 10x3/704.969 ¥704.969 lies between 8 and 9. Cube root will end with ‘9’ as cube end with ‘9’. « ¥704.969 =8.9 Hence 9704969 = 10 x 8.9 = 89 3. 0.000216 = {216 x10 =6 x 107 4. ¥.000729 = {729 x10 =9 x 107 5, (22)9 = 484 x 22 = 10648 Hence smallest five-digit number which is a perfect cube is 10648. 6. 5600 = 25 x 7 x 10° = 25x 7x 5* =91 0.06 0.09 . The least number by which 5600 is to be divided to get a perfect cube 2x 7x 5?220 Quantitative Aptitude 7. The least number completely divisible by 21, 24 and 27 is 2, 27 8 9 88 4 3 ar) LCM of 21, 24 and 27 = 2°x 35x 7 -. Least perfect cube completely divisible by 21, 24 and 27 is 29x 33x 73 = LCM x 7? = LCM x 49 = 74088 8. 4800 = 2° x 2x 3x 2? x 5? = 25x 31x 5* +, Least number which should be multiplied with given number make it a perfect cube is 3°x 5 = 45