BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE, AFFILIATED TO VTU)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2022-2023
HARISH DILEEP

5 th sem (1BM20CV051)

INDUSTRIAIL VISIT REPORT

BSSWB 40mld SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT ,

KENGERI

GUIDED BY
Dr. PRIYA V
BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Basavanagudi,
Bengaluru - 560019
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the titled “INDUSTRIAIL VISIT REPORT ON BSSWB
40mld SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT” , KENGERI submitted by
MEGHANA CS for the report based on SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
carried out under the guidance of Prof Dr. PRIYA V NAIK

Signature of guide Signature of HOD

(Prof Dr. PRIYA V NAIK) (Dr.HB NAGARAJ )
 ABOUT BWSSB

Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board is an autonomous body

formed by the State legislature under Bangalore Water supply and
Sewerage Board Act on 10-09-1964 for Water Supply & Sewage disposal.
It is one of the first Water supply & Sanitation Utilities in India with
jurisdiction of entire Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Area of 800
Sqkm, (Bengaluru Core area of 245 Sqkm, 8 Urban Local Bodies of 330
Sqkm ( 7 City Municipal Corporation and 1 Town Municipal Corporation
and 110 Villages of 225 Sq kms.)

Since its inception in the year 1964, BWSSB has executed several water
supply and sewage schemes for the city, including the prestigious Cauvery
Water Supply Scheme (CWSS) Stages - I, II, III & Stage IV Phase - I,
Phase - II and sewerage system improvement projects concentrating on
sewage collection, conveyance and treatment works. The existing
sewerage system covers an area of 265 km2 of core area of the city, in
which three major Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) are constructed at
Vrishabhavathi, K&C and Hebbal Valleys (major and minor). The sewerage
system for newly added areas mainly the erstwhile CMC’s is nearing
completion.
Water supply System

Present Supply from Cauvery source 1450 MLD

Present population served combined in 110 12.9 Millions

Villages

Area of water supply served & population 575 sq. kms & 10
Lakhs

House service connections 10.15 lakhs

Total length of water supply pipelines 8746 kms

Range of Pipe diameters 100 to 1800 mm

Number of Ground Level Reservoirs 57 ( 885 ML)

Number of Over Head Tanks 36 (33 ML)

Booster pumping stations 62 nos

Water tanker lorries 68 nos

Quantity of water supplied/month 42,200 ML

Average per capita consumption 108 LPCD

SEWERAGE SYSTEM :

1 Total length of sewer system 8387 kms

2 Number of manholes 2.69

lakhs

3 Sanitary house service connections 10.00

lakhs

4 Number of sewer cleaning combination (Jetting & Sucking machines) for 175 Nos
cleaning & maintaining of sewer system

5 Total no. of desilting machines 40 Nos

6 Sewerage network Length of Laterals (< 300 mm dia) 6905.7

kms

7 Length of Trunk Sewers (> 300 mm dia) 1481 kms

8 Number of STP's 33 Nos

9 Sewage Generation 1440

MLD

1 Sewage Treatment capacity 1372.5

0 MLD
 SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

1. SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (SBR) TREATMENT PROCESS:

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a fill-and draw activated sludge

system for wastewater treatment. In this system, wastewater is added to a
single batch reactor, treated to remove undesirable components.
Equalization, aeration, and clarification can all be achieved using a single
batch reactor. To optimize the performance of the system, two or more
batch reactors are used in a predetermined sequence of operations. The
operation of an SBR is based on the fill-anddraw principle, which consists
of five basic steps: Idle, Fill, React, Settle, and Draw. More than one
operating strategy is possible during most of these steps. SBR process can
be automated and have been successfully used to treat both municipal and
industrial wastewater. In addition to treating domestic sewage, they can
also be used for nutrient (N and P) reduction contained in the wastewater.
They are uniquely suited for wastewater treatment applications
characterized by low or intermittent flow conditions. Operating flexibility and
control, minimal footprint and capital cost savings by eliminating clarifiers
and other equipment are some of the advantages associated with SBR technology.
 2. MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR (MBR) TREATMENT PROCESS :

The Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) process is an emerging advanced

wastewater treatment technology that has been successfully applied at an
ever increasing number of locations around the world including at BWSSB.
The MBR process involves a suspended growth activated sludge system
that utilises microporous (microns) membranes for solid/liquid separation in
lieu of secondary clarifiers. The membranes are made from either organic
polymers or ceramic materials. This very compact arrangement produces
veryhigh quality effluent water suitable for reuse applications. In addition, it
provides a barrier to certain chlorine resistant pathogens such as
Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The advantages of MBR include elimination
of secondary clarifiers and tertiary filtration processes, thereby reducing
plant footprint.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS (ASP)

The Activated Sludge Process (ASP) is one of legacy biological wastewater

treatment alternatives in Secondary Treatment. When Activated Sludge is
added to wastewater, the organisms in this mixed liquor quickly decompose
the wastes in the wastewater being treated. After a required period of
aeration and agitation in the aeration tank, the mixed liquor usually flows to
a separate tank called a secondary clarifier where the activated sludge is
allowed to settle out and the remaining liquid is discharged as effluent. The
settled sludge is either disposed of as waste activated sludge or reused in
the aeration tank as return activated sludge. Some sludge must always be
returned to the aeration tanks to maintain an adequate population of
organisms.

For the activated sludge process to work properly, one must control the
number of organisms and the dissolved oxygen level in the aeration tank,
and the treatment time in the aeration tank.

POWER GENERATION

Wastewater treatment plants use a lot of energy for operation and create
greenhouse gas emissions. They also have the potential to be sources of
renewable energy. The wastewater treatment plants use anaerobic
digestion to generate heat and electricity on site. During anaerobic
digestion, specific microorganisms under controlled environment
breakdown organic materials.The methane gas produced from this process
is then used to generate heat and electricity. This energy can be utilized
within the treatment plant for operational needs. This substantially reduces
operating costs of the sewage treatment plant. If excess energy is still
available, it can be sold to local electrical companies and generate
revenue.

3. EXTENDED AERATION PROCESS :

Extended aeration activated sludge plants have fulfilled the need for high
efficiency treatment of small volume wastes of both domestic and industrial
origin. These plants are normally without primary sedimentation tanks and
employ an extended aeration period for the purpose of aerobically oxidizing
organic matter. In the extended aeration process about 98% or more of the
organic materials added is removed and converted either to carbon dioxide
and water or new biological solids. The active biological solids utilize
oxygen while undergoing endogenous decay to oxidize the degradable
portion of their cells to carbon dioxide and water with a resulting decrease
in cell mass. This process could continue until the resulting sludge mass is
an inert material.

4.UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) PROCESS:

UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular

sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the
blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms.
The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the
blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to reach maturity at
around three months. Small sludge granules begin to form whose surface
area is covered in aggregations of bacteria. In the absence of any support
matrix, the flow conditions create a selective environment in which only
those microorganisms capable of attaching to each other survive and
proliferate. Eventually the aggregates form into dense compact biofilms
referred to as "granules".

Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product,

and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate
electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology
needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge
blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect).

TRICKLING FILTER TREATMENT

Trickling filters (TFs) are used to remove organic matter from wastewater.
The TF is an aerobic treatment system that utilizes microorganisms
attached to a medium to remove organic matter from wastewater. These
systems are known as attached-growth processes. In contrast, systems in
which microorganisms are sustained in a liquid are known as suspended-
growth processes. TFs enable organic material in the wastewater to be
adsorbed by a population of microorganisms(aerobic, anaerobic, and
facultative bacteria; fungi;algae; and protozoa) attached to the medium as a
biological film or slime layer (approximately 0.1 to0.2 mm thick). As the
wastewater flows over the medium, microorganisms already in the water
gradually attach themselves to the rock, slag, or plastic surface and form a
film. The organic material is then degraded by the aerobic microorganisms
in the outer part of the slime layer.
5. PLATE SETTLERS :

Plate settlers are used for enhanced settling of particles. It is normally a

compact inclined plate type clarifier. Clarification of wastewater having
suspended solids and colloidal particles can be clarified using plate
settlers.Settling capacity is increased by the use of the plate settlers.
Stacks of parallel rectangular or flat pieces separated by a few inches and
sloping vertical in the direction of flow are used in order to increase the
efficiency of settlers.It is most commonly used in a rectangular clarifier
reducing the vertical distance a suspended particle must travel.Hoppers are
kept at the bottom of the clarifier to collect the solid particles which are
settling down and the clarified liquid exits.At the bottom of the hoppers,
sludge is drawn off and the liquid exits the unit at the top of the weir.
6. FILTRATION :

Filtration is a process that removes particles from suspension in water.

Filtration is normally used as a final polishing step and usually referred to
as tertiary treatment. Removal takes place by a number of mechanisms
that include straining, flocculation, sedimentation and surface capture.
Filters consist of a medium within which it is intended most of the particles
in the water will be captured. Granular media filters are used in either of
two distinct ways which are commonly called slow-sand filtration and rapid
gravity or pressure filtration. Sand is the primary filter medium commonly
used in mono media filtration. Dual media filtration process employs more
than one medium (e.g., sand and anthracite). When the filters are used as
the final means of particle removal from the water/wastewater, then the
filters may need to be preceded by another stage of solid-liquid separation
(clarification) such as sedimentation.
7. UV Treatment :

Ultraviolet (UV) treatment is used to kill/inactivate harmful microorganisms

found in the treated effluent. It is normally used as the final treatment
process prior to discharge. UV treatment is a physical process where a
germicidal UV radiation (200-300 nm)alters the DNA of microorganisms
thus losing their ability to reproduce and infect human beings. The UV
technology depends on the type of UV lamp used, i.e. low pressure high
output (LPHO) or medium pressure (MP). UV is not known to produce any
harmful by products like chlorination process.
8. CHLORINATION ;

Chlorination treatment is a disinfection process used to kill harmful

microorganisms found in the treated sewage effluent. Regulations normally
call for disinfection of indicator as well as harmful microorganisms within
the acceptable limits. Appropriate chlorine dose and contact time with the
effluent in needed for chlorination to be effective. Chlorine can be applied
either in gaseous or liquid forms. Dechlorination may be required if excess
chlorine is applied because residual chlorine is harmful to aquatic life.
Unlike UV, chlorine produces disinfection by products which are suspected
carcinogens.
9. SOIL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Soil Biotechnology (SBT) is an environment friendly waste processing

technology that offers systems for processing of both solid organic wastes
and wastewater treatment using bacteria, earthworms and mineral
additives in a garden-like setup. This technology was initially developed at
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai over two decades of research.
It reinforces the carbon and nitrogen cycles in nature. Purification takes
place by adsorption, filtration and biological reaction. The process operates
in aerobic mode; thus eliminating possibility of foul odor. The wastewater
processing area is thus developed into a green belt, which easily integrates
into any existing landscape.
CONCLUSION :
This visit helped students to enhance their collective theoretical and
practical knowledge of Treatment Plants. They can identify their
prospective study areas of future work in the overall organizational function.
Students can also understand detailed design of plant and process which
will be covered in the subject. Physical observation of various processes of
plants will definitely be enhanced the skill and understanding of students in
the environment engineering.