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These a it used dn mech nitucwdes Jesthex than using wWoalus umnaditns . The seoaon “is they com casey much mew data per socmd and one mee 0g) Aue. [ las opn b Gi) Netuwek Interface Cad (NIC) fry umpittue Ha cn Pee Meat —-madasun — cumpullics have unrated te a nelioerk Srale nods te fue @ NIC. hese desis built inte the motrwxbsaed ae A hub iu a deve that comes a umbax 4 An, The 4typucd we fa pnpitis nya tome oY 4ypu 4 i: m — Ye fb hs ub i ot te ute f ao sx ralicord i el ie SS yyah |at me cliewt | 4% ee BastMW) WAN (Wide Area Netumk) Thee oxe the metivewes apsnd onere Nase listamens Auch os toumtria oe wen umbtnenti thre: cabling oe satthh (PAN (. 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Ms Woul 4 Dod Papert Ms exes) | Us Wee! > cpreadshert sqtume e word) ne > deta stueed Sn a tabulon |—> image, det. ef te com be Posed 7 <= file extemsion xls Rac {les vat file einer ast 5 wed +t make fhbles , gave | —> wen fs Letter sering dita , make complex caleufaéna. using doeumeiits ord) sepetts ,Sqtware Fou skeet — O&O efectuen 1 tp uses ure ose. pocked oe Key Reys ox wed te uti quicly ident fay ory jocoud oe Pom the table . 44 Spo «wed «te © Oatobiah and cleat fey saalationships bh} tables Prinary Key —> Hot fle to dentify acu sacnsed past on fou can be only ene ( sat] Key —> 4+ prof con UMld by “identify jaa obud 4 poalieulx [sede Id Crnvipate J Nome | ade Liumce No | | Ado Ho. | “| 1 ola Foreign Ke tin tole. A a eatin ‘I a table oc a 40 pearrasy odismns that table uniqsly heey dn a table > Primasy key. vimany Key oe 1k + obitabuls ti. _sahclad om obbubuils x tape L qugus housing ontity Lobyt) - > Primary key Combi abe co vel fe oskiblish eee je a aDML statements ( Strecr —> néliciove dita from io database Guy INSERT > insert ol mto a fable iy) UPDATE + updatic exuting data usthin a table fw pereTe —> cleletes all tha sceceuds (v) MERGE Ss wued te gon Data Contra Language (pel) ——> per carats ‘accas te the dat that users flu within a ddlabase se enntrals the Sug hts and pounissrans 4 He clatabase system der sttemend ) GRANT > gxont poemuium te the Lue f sunning nae tomar om te toble. Gi) Revoke —> xevéke pormusten | toke bork ox withdrae] 4. Tramscilim Centre} Lomguage (TCL) —> 3 diet ie ts Tet offs of om man anes foe of typ & tromsoduenal dats and teonsactions tee skitimenli }) ROLL BACK —> wed te caned) ax umd changes made ‘in databose ) CoumiT > Wed te opply ox dave ths changes in dotsbose wed te dove the dala on the Lamp onany bos | ) SANE POINT —>Dotabase bales —> Atso Knawn 0 queny Houpesages hue ate a hie? ace ri databases hase to rented aldous Ubeses, fs complete tasks such os combratting acess to dala, leper ing and updat y deta and seonechiong fox “in formation Pen ae EHS i i false Gvey —> selon te a nequatt fou dat fpam + ‘ F ' ; datatue Users can make a query BM Ketrieve dofa oe Sande Anfoxmation in a database , auch os adding seamensing data Thee oe fom types of Date Longunges : A. Data Definition pent (>dL) —> pbt deals usith database gchomas [ physical eprasentatied of dota se strustive ony database] and deviiphen of have fin the dlafobose - tre dota should xalie DBL stakemuis : (iy cReaTe = * ouile 0 dotobose omd its obpets UR Sable inden etc ALTER > changes qi bRor —> delete afpyects fem (we TRUNCATE ad the dtructives 4 the existing databose . a dateb ose @v) LONMENT > add comment, wi) RENAME > used te enome am dypat 2, Dela Mordipulatien Lengua (pMc) — ft prasides opsseiens that onde user equate amc dye a wy ‘te qeetss and rar pulate the data.i oe mettod fou file excgamiasaion (iy Seqpantial File Orage gr is He ll costal dn vrs methed, the files oe sioxed ome often mothe Un a sequenba manner + Advantages d —> fot ancl officuiont —+ sinple de —> cheapes at michanam Disaclvontages > pe cannét ‘nmedialel, Aop onto the pasdlieulas. soc — > whenever we delete a posdltandor seocerce) om casdtauin yeorccn of thebe raitin , a the other sacords wel woe position which seal in the vooslag of mamas. —»> tim consuuring U WW) Heap File Orquig ation. = Shs Gegarigglim woerkes ucith da blocks. No soding 44 a dofa block “a full , the A sepuied dn “ths meted. mous sarod jv altel om come othe blk. ot Sa the yensporaibcity A DBMS fp stow and a He mous sthooeds fii) B+ File Oxganizclien — Bt Tree we a Gus tke strudise te sloseq eacoxdls in file 4+ employs dha Key linden fideo ‘in which the aod the seconds. An inden value pean rey fs used Te ib mee for code pimary key and mapped te the seuctnd . the addas ff the sacsrd dm the ple Su the index thst soundData File —> ony file containing “infoonalion (but +8 code), sewed and md envesitad , te he mead ox He ty only meant d Darn piles com eatin) tn hire wee Madd Code Hh is foe Info Naleahonys 4. Text fle > alo kmoun a AsCr1 fila . Shue tiles ) A det file contains ton Im ASCH charities steas —inferay Auman readable chasacton A tet cheat with the extinlion dvb “a om enamaple 4 text files XR Binaxy files > a file thet contains linferomalion. in some eel in ushich «the Jinfoseratlion Be hall in mumony . Binany file ov fete amd eosin fe a progam & and undte how teat files A speG image (pg /-dte) Bo example . saod TTurorta aCe ee 4+ b yeu “hmpottort ts knows the di flea file zo we cam cebet the slight me fox our Totke . ee tie 4ele fouls com slp shake Infesrnaen, eff ciently oon your ed , catleaguics und TORO GE Fer example , shee eerling oer fou you company's Logo you wort te sett He yigat image foonat ( such os ejpers gif, 549 ek. ‘ por —> Pedable pewnent Fle Se ie an (eal HTML Pe yporteet Mashup Langu for + repli Inloaorgt Foust | xis > Hicwadt exual sy * Scalable veils sprenachest ile PNH + Portable meters geoph a eoDems —> —the dlotobue hh 0 eatlection of tidiar - sales! data ubich tu used ty salbieve, Cnaesd amd clelelr the data Officiwriily . 4+ 4 olso wed fo Guganige the ofa an ths foun a table , sapaxts ot Example ert ege databose botibase Monagemend: Syslem sa bof Hrvaee hich “a ¢ wed te monoge ty dlafabosre . ex: Mysqr , Quack , ee oe vey populax commoxcial databose wed im if Rexat applicationsTires Or Comeuter Processiniy Fites —> grow om valour tyes of fila Used foe dng dot needed fiw provaiiny . sefounce or becbop. Ceamples G) Master files Gi Tromactien Giles Gd Refewnce i Rackvp ) Repo file vw Sot file Mester File fi > Stale Dynamic Fi Master Jt x 0 pasmanenh file thal cmtoine vital saoeds sag uioeasl a for fhe suunriy of eouganiaation woe the sensids chout postisulox “toms ox entitil, The Guceuseany of a moitie file J gf the scored « Upsating iu “4 maintained through st aa smounteuance hs procs of changing fhe mail Fila eoniints 40 that we can oft the uuscunt — Ar Transaction {le ua data file fn wRich Khonsoctlion. ee xe aia) oft lt th ohn Tm om male 4+ tide tre dala juloted to moilx fr and Te update a contonds . Sr snot contains tie oles te co geet a ries or a Be (Sts ekenfited yas Stent voy Aer BR baal Tasca 4 ad § eden wi sepha H news pile contouring dhe MetFue Organization ical File La extfedion of sarenels. Using the J He xacendls aS pouroasey key, we Cave OKs —> Fie sxcgani gation Bw oo togical yealationship, na vaxious, xecorols, 4+ tu used Te cducabe tho way Sim shui and the blocks are placed on = the seams are ateud in too of blocks the aterage — maciun s Ossectve — + SF conta an opHmal — dctection ct seoconds [ saesxdls con be selected os fait a possible + Te podem Dpecdlirma dike srwed”, delate oc update om the secerds aheuld be quick and © Reveeds should be stoud efficiedtly Te sove monty on S “Types 4 § Memory Se = oh Heap Hoh «ISAM _— Bt Tree ie Fo Fo eee 1sam —> Indexed Sequential Auwess Method.