Maximum area that can-be irrigated is-given-by-eqn:(1:2) as OSES Example 1.1. Determine the time required to irrigate a strip of land of 0.04 hectares in area froma tube-well with a discharge of 0.02 cumec, The infileration capacity of the sotl may be taken as 5 cm/hr, and the average depth of flow on the field as 10 cm. Also determine the maximum area that can be irrigated from this tube well. Solution. A= 0.04 hectares 0.04 x 10" m?= 400m? @= 0.02 cumecs=0,02 m/sec 02 x 60x 60 m/ fe Sem/br=5%, avr =0.05 mike. :y=10cm=0.1 m. 2 m?/he. Using eqn. (1.1), we have = 2324 2 ta23¢ tel 2 ‘| 0.10 n 0.05 “8! |52-9.05 400 = 2.3% 2 toga (72/52) br. = 0.65 hr =39 minutes, Ans. or t=23 hr, Anes P= 95 9 = 1440 m= 142 necaces 0.144 bec Ans. Note. After irrigating this much of area, surface flow will stop, and deep percolation will start. . (3) Check flooding. Check flooding is similar to ordinary flooding except that the water is controlled by surrounding the check area with low and flat levees. Levees aneExample 1.1, (a) What is the classification of irrigation water having the following ° characteristics : Concentration of Na, Ca and Mg are 22, 3 and 1.5 milli-equiavalents per litre respectively, and the electrical conductivity is 200 micro mhos per em at 25°C*? (b) What problems might arise in using this water on fine textured soils ? (c) What remedies do you suggest to overcome this trouble ? Solution. Nat 2s 22 wee ag Jee OF “Ya25 15" 148? 2 If SAR is between 10 to 18, then it is classified as medium Sodium water and is represented by $2 (See Table 1.2). ae Electrical conductivity is 200 micro-inhos per-cm at 25°C. © According to Table 1.1, the water is called of Low conductivity (C1) if the value of electrical conductivity is between 100 to 250 micro mhos per cm at 25°C. It is, therefore, Cl water. Hence, the given water is classified as C1-S2 water, Ans. (6) In fine-textured soils, the medium sodium (S2) water may create the following Problems : (i) Soil becomes less permeable. Gi) Ie starts crusting when dry. (ii) It becomes plastic and sticky when wet. (i) Its pH increases towards that of alkaline soil: (c) Gypsum (CaSQ,) addition, either to soil or to water is suggested to overcome sodium hazards posed by the given water. SAR= xample 2.3. Find the delta for a crop when its duty is 864 hectares/cumec on the field, the base period of this crop is 120 days. Solution. 8648 5 sh A(cm)= “D where B is in days and Dis in hectares/cumec In this question, B= 120 days and D = 864 hectares/cumec S120 20cm. Ans.Pre Ex 8), F/O Compute tte dap 2 frequency f irrigate vey” fro unth day ivan below Revie rr aap aptre S Pctte, cmetihs wr enor = 1% fF wil ae = Uetd taxtin oop withing Aparent sp: 9" anne 5b 7% applicable oe ane Sa Mts sel pallette metre > py Sen Se flemdily cnilarte end hare tri, alteeenren = FINAL permedaa ant Deca) cetetir, “ATEN be fillet by 17" bern ar aod IX Dery fF water shred berm uy Knit - = XA ¢ Rett Speuty mes ophmun MC) b Wine tyere eines, = Dot T mR RTS Prequeny > weer ce OTSExample 6.4, Determine the size of a tile ar the outlet ata 4 6 hectare drainage system, if the D.C. is 1 ¢m and the tile grade is 0.3%. Assume the rugosity coefficient for the tile drain material as 0.011. Solution. 1 cm D.C. means that 1 cm of water from an area of 6 hectares is entering the tiles per day. *. Volume of water passing the drain in I day = -{its x6x wo!) 600.m3/day ong For a circular drain of diameter D, we have m/s Now, gat.any.si2 2D paxp,e=2 w—sensbn AYR (ght = OOl1x4 Dp’. p*? 1 = Bays “aaa 0.011 x 4x 2.52% 18.26 94 * axe or D= (0.00447) =0.132metre=13.2cm Use 15 em dia. pipe. Ans.BAe lind freq rene yeurds me ghost Kewe, eet elletral finn 1990 1 WT and ree fubsitated | eles. Esti ke. Hs mognttvde. we fiends heving frequenyy ayvel + a) YAO? WHR ee By @ kiana ‘BWR gy eter rattan. Yoat Re Cris) Dererding ity: vine ¥,,<° aise _ ota HY Few | Shane 5190) ee 0 so per 3I-—- wae i aa am UH neh ee Oe ee ae Wie 94 — 2941 5 b tae ee ie Sa 4 as i ae Welt 5 Aree ys) 2 __ Bann Toh—% chance 1) Rar fayys - thant sgl ates = gy worry 7 ee Be are a 8a Frere graph, Rg -fn so yey were san o- ae Per Sys HD Gretta reetegd a 2 ‘ = Spa Bp tA a ee ~ Dion ctgetof 20 a ip > 2e4e saia cm we a . & ia ‘si — aetato” 5 aS Lete ale = ar - lA vet Cae Fame ESET ctif ange Rept & ret = bin = ROAST, e cert) © BOS o Fe 19> * oS tory MEE OL gm . ae 323 Boyes + eee oni eee a.65e + See ews) = 3 Hy Siena reprints idan. be el 3.99% eee 10 ere —ty > ST Codey Hest eros HY, eth Me? S10970 OG SY : 3, Be gre = SERS ert 1 eee” ee mys (Alternativ: Peak fiend #15” C-B)H0 Beit oe aay 1957-1€ o wey Crary a ao 3 5, 6H kD a Le Male Ge So 4% S10 4 ae 40 tet 29 318 at ee 36 my 3s OF 1t Wwe z name %0 ck bed 280.96 EB= Fe0~ ECR RYY> 39-95 Le R~ 45-760 ey OB AID + i = sy eto”190 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Example 5.4. Design a concrete lined channel to carry-a discharge of 350 cumecs ata slope of 1 in 5,000. The side slopes of the channel may bé taken as I: ]. The value of n for lining is 0.014. Assume limiting velocity in the channel as 2m/sec. Solution. vel Re sia —_ pes, 2=o014* 5000 or + (20.014 70,8) = 2? a ogy? = 2.79 m. The channel section is assumed to be trapezoidal as shown in Pig. 5.4. For 1b slopes ; we have, cot8@=1.5 or @= 34.1° = 0.59 radians. Using A=y(B+y8+y cot 6) 5.8) P=B+ 2y0+2ycor8 45.9) we get A=y(B+0.59y4+ 1S y)=y¥(B+209 yy __ P=B+1.18y+3y Beaigy But A= 9350 175 sqm 175 =y (B+ 2.09 y) 175 or y TB +209 175 or =+2_2.09 72007) From (7), we get 175 - 1By . or 178 2.09y |+ 4.18 S 175 or ~2009}+ asaya 33S 62.7 or 175 — 2.099? + 4.189? = 62.7y or 2.09 y? ~ 62.1 y +175 =0 or y—30y +83.7=0 or y= 202 Y900= 3348 334.8 _30+23.8 30 But Souse,Example 3.1. The gross commanded area for a distributary is 6000 hectares, 80% which is culrurable irrigable, The intensity of irrigation for Rabi season is 50% and that for Kharif season is 25%. if the average duty at the head of the distributary is 2000 pectares/cumec for Rabi season and $00 hectares/cumec for Kharif season, find out the discharge required at the head of the distributary from average demand considerations, Solution. G.C.A. = 6000 hectares CCA.=6000x a 800hectares, J ‘Area to be irrigated in Rabi season =C.C.A.x Intensity of Irrigation De = 4800 x5 pg = 2400 hectares. ‘Area to be irtigated in Kharif season = 4800 = 1200 hectares, 100 Water required at the head of the distributary to irrigate Rabi area 2400 - . 2 7000 cumecs = 1.20 cumee. wali) Water required at the head of the distributary to irrigate Kharif area = 1200 cumecs = 1.33 cumec. wall) 900 Thus, the requirement in Kharif season is 1,33 cumec and that in Rabi season is 1.20 cumecs, The required discharge is maximum of the two, £2, 1.33 cumec. Ans. Hence, the distributary should be designed for 1.33 cumec discharge at its head, from average demand considerations, The head regulator should be sufficient to carry 1.33 cumec ; and in Rabi season, only 1.20 cumec will be released.Example 2.5. 10 cumecs of water is delivered to a 32 hectare field, for 4 hours, Soil probing after the irrigation indicates that 0.3 metre of water has been stored in the rool zone. Compute the water application efficiency. i 32 - IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES ‘ i Solution. Volume of water supplied by 10 cumecs of water applied for 4 hours 4 = (10 x 4 60 x 60) m? = 1,44,000m? v4 = 14.4 10" my = [4.4m x 10% m? = 14.4 ham. il ( 10'm?=1 hectare) f “Inputs /4.4 ham . off) a . Output = 32 hectares land is storing water upto 0.3 m depth. 4 Output= 320.3 ham = 9.6 ham ). ", Water application efficiency =e 100= 2 x 100= 66.67% Ans.Example 2:10. Determine the volume of water required to be diverted from the head works 10 iwvigate area of 5000 ha using the data given in the table below. Assume 80% as the effective precipitation to take care of the consumptive use of the crop. Also assume 50% efficiency of water application in the field and 75% as the canveyance efficiency of canal . __ Table 2.7 (¢) ‘Month Tenp F | Percentage hrs uf sunshine | Rainfall mm | Consumptive coeffictens or Crop factor (kY a (2) s3) 4) Sy Tune “70.8 9.90 75 | 080 Jaly 744 10:20 108 os August | 78 9.60 830 Oss September 716 8.40 ns os October 693 186 ; 105 0.85 November 552 1238 25 oss December ATA 6.42 4 0.60 January 488 3.62 0 0.60 February 39 9.95 a 0.68 Marah 60.0 94 a 070 Aprit 625 3.86 4 on May i 67.4. 9.84 a 075 Solution. The given table 2.7 (a) is extended as shown in table 2,7 (6) to compute monthly values of consumptive use (C,) by the Ban. C,= kf, where f= 5 (1.8r-+ 32], where ris in °C. When 1 is in °F as given in col (2) of Table.2.7 (a), then the eqn_becomes _.__ =k{ & is 2 Cy=k 40° where 1 is °F. Monthly values of f are hence worked out in col (6) of Table 2.7 (6). Table 2.7 (6) Month | Temp °F | Percentage hrs | Rainfallcm | Conswaptive of sun shine p ‘coefficient . or Crap faciark | col(S) xsi ma ay 2) eB) on Jone 708 9.90 75 030 July 744 10.20 108 0.85 August 728 9.60. 13.0 gas: September} 71.6 aa 5 a Cetber | 69.3 186 105 0.65. November] 552 15 2.5 0.65 a December | 47.1 642 a 060 January 488 8.42 ° 0.60 February | 539 9.95 a 06s March 600 8.84 o 0.70 April 25 8.85 a 0.70 May 674 9.84 Q = =Fotal consumptive use = E col(6) = 124,09 cm. Useful rainfall = 80% of total precipitation (given) = 80% x 55.8 cm. = 44.64 cm. «. Net irrigation requirement NIR = C,—R, = 124.09 - 44.64 = 79.45 cm. Field irrigation requirement = FIR= oa “Sas =158.9cem Gross irrigation requirement at headworks = aR where 7, = conveyance efficiency = 75% = 0.75 158.9 GIR="9 95, =e = 211.87 cm. Vol. of water required for 5000 ha area a2 87 iio LST nx (5000 10m?) =105.93M-m?, Ans.