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Main Memory Management Strategies Explained

The document summarizes main memory management. It discusses how the memory manager protects processes, ensures each has enough space, and tracks memory usage. A Memory Management Unit maps logical to physical addresses. Fixed partitioning divides memory into fixed regions, causing internal and external fragmentation. Variable partitioning allocates exact sizes, with first-fit, best-fit, and worst-fit placement strategies. Compaction moves processes to group free space.

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lexter Marcia2nd
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37 views10 pages

Main Memory Management Strategies Explained

The document summarizes main memory management. It discusses how the memory manager protects processes, ensures each has enough space, and tracks memory usage. A Memory Management Unit maps logical to physical addresses. Fixed partitioning divides memory into fixed regions, causing internal and external fragmentation. Variable partitioning allocates exact sizes, with first-fit, best-fit, and worst-fit placement strategies. Compaction moves processes to group free space.

Uploaded by

lexter Marcia2nd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Main Memory Management

❑ Introduction to Memory Management


❑ Basic Main Memory Allocation Strategies
Memory Manager
• It must ensure that the memory spaces of processes are protected
so that unauthorized access is prevented.
• It must ensure that each process has enough memory space to be
able to execute.
• It must keep track of the memory locations used by each process.
It should also know which part of the memory is free to use.
Memory Management Unit (MMU)
• special hardware device used for mapping logical address to its
corresponding physical address.
1. Fixed-partition memory allocation strategies
In fixed partitioning, the main memory is divided into a fixed number
of regions or partitions.
Internal Fragmentation
If the size of the partition is larger than the size of the process, this
leads to wastage of memory.
External Fragmentation
wastage of memory which occurs when there are partitions available
but none are big enough for any waiting process.
2. Variable-partition memory allocation strategies
Variable partitioning simply allocates the exact memory space
needed by each process.

Example:
A computer system has a 32-MB main memory with the operating
system occupying the first 4 MB. The following processes are inside
the job queue:
OS 4MB OS 4MB OS 4MB

P1 12MB P1 12MB

P2 7MB
28MB 16MB

9MB

OS 4MB OS 4MB OS 4MB

P1 12MB P1 12MB P1 12MB

P2 7MB P4 5MB
7MB
2MB
P3 8MB
P3 8MB P3 8MB
1MB 1MB
1MB
Three (3) Placement strategies in variable partitioning
• First-fit strategy
• Best-fit strategy
OPERATING
• Worst-fit strategy SYSTEM
4 MB

P1 4 MB

4 MB

2 MB P2 3 MB
P4
3 MB
Incoming
Process
P3 8 MB

6 MB

32 MB Main Memory
Compaction
moving the processes upwards in main memory so that the free
memory locations may be grouped together in one large block.

OPERATING OPERATING
4 MB 4 MB
SYSTEM SYSTEM

P1 4 MB P1 4 MB

4 MB P2 3 MB

P2 3 MB
P3 8 MB
3 MB

P3 8 MB
13 MB

6 MB

Before Compaction After Compaction

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