GEMS NMS New Millennium School
Polynomials Extra Practice Worksheet
1. Show that (x - 1) is a factor of x 20 - 1 and x 21 - 1.
Sol.
p(x) = x 20 - 1p(1) = (1) 20 - 1 = 1 - 1 = 0g(x) = x 21 - 1g(1) = (1) 2 - 1 = 1 - 1 = 0Therefore, (x - 1) is a factor of p(x) and g x . ()
2.
( )
Check whether x + 1 is a factor of x 20 - 1 and x 21 - 1.
Sol.p(x) = x 20 - 1p(- 1) = (- 1) 20 - 1 = 1 - 1 = 0g(x) = x 21 - 1g(- 1) = (- 1) 21 - 1 = - 1 - 1 = - 2(x + 1) is a factor of p(x). (x + 1) is not a factor of g(x).
3. If f(x) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + 6 has (x - 2) as a factor and leaves a remainder 3, when divided by x - 3, find the value of '
Sol.𝑓2 = 0 ⇒ 23 + 𝑎22 + 𝑏2 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 8 + 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 = - 14 ⇒ 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = - 7 → 1𝑓3 = 3 ⇒ 33 +
4. 𝐼𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑥 - 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 - 1 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑝𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 𝑟, 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝 = 𝑟 .
2
Sol.𝑝2 = 0𝑝22 + 52 + 𝑟 = 04𝑝 + 10 + 𝑟 = 04𝑝 + 𝑟 = - 10 - - - - 1𝑝 1 = 𝑝 1 2 + 5 1 + 𝑟 = 0 𝑝 + 5
+ 𝑟 = 0𝑝 + 10 +
2 2 2 4 2
5. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ( 𝑥 - 2 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 2𝑥3 - 3𝑥2 - 17𝑥 + 30 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) .
Sol.𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 2𝑥3 - 3𝑥2 - 17𝑥 + 30𝐵𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 𝑓 ( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 ) 3 - 3 ( 2 ) 2 - 17 ( 2 ) + 30 ⇒ 16 - 12 - 34 + 30 = 0 ∴
6. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ( 2𝑥 - 3 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 2𝑥3 - 9𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 12 . 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 .
Sol. 3 3 33 32 3 27 9 3
2𝑥 - 3 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 = 3 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑝 = 2 - 9 + + 12 = 2 × - 9 × + + 12
2 2 2 2 2 8 4 2
7. 3𝑥3 + 2𝑚𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 6
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 + 2 ?
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 .
Sol.𝑝 ( 𝑥 ) = 3𝑥3 + 2𝑚𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 6𝑝 ( - 2 ) = 0 ⇒ 3 ( - 2 ) 3 + 2𝑚 ( - 2 ) 2 + 3 ( - 2 ) + 6 = 0 ⇒ - 24 + 8𝑚 - 6 + 6 = 0 ⇒ - 24 + 8𝑚 = 0
8. If 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥3 + 3𝑥2 - 2𝑥 + 4, find 𝑝-2 + 𝑝1 + 𝑝0 .
Sol.𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥3 + 3𝑥2 - 2𝑥 + 4𝑝-2 = -23 + 3-22 - 2-2 + 4 = - 8 + 12 + 4 + 4 = 12𝑝1 = 13 + 312 - 21 + 4 = 1 + 3 - 2 + 4 = 6𝑝0 =
9. The polynomials ax3 + 4𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 4 and 𝑥3 - 4𝑥 + 𝑎, when divided by 𝑥 - 3 leave the same remainder . Find the value of '𝑎' .
Sol.𝑝𝑥 = ax3 + 4𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 4𝑝3 = 𝑎33 + 432 + 33 + 4 ⇒ 𝑝3 = 27𝑎 + 36 + 9 + 4 ⇒ 𝑝3 = 27𝑎 + 49𝑞𝑥 = 𝑥3 - 4𝑥 + 𝑎𝑞3 = 33 -
10. 𝐼𝑓 ( 𝑥 - 1 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 .
Sol.𝑖𝑓 𝑥 - 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 𝑘𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑝 ( 1 ) = 1 + 1 + 𝑘 0 = 2 + 𝑘 𝑘 = - 2
11. Show that ( x - 2 ) is a factor of the polynomial P ( x ) = 2x3 - 6x2 + 5x - 2 . .
Sol.𝑃𝑥 = 2𝑥3 - 6𝑥2 + 5𝑥 - 2𝑃2 = 223 - 622 + 52 - 2 ⇒ 𝑃2 = 16 - 24 + 10 - 2 ⇒ 𝑃2 = 26 - 26 ⇒ 𝑃2 = 0Therefore, 𝑥 - 2 is 𝑎 factor of 𝑝𝑥 .
12. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 - 1 𝑥3 .
3 2 4
Sol.𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 - 1 𝑥3 𝑖𝑠 1 .
3 2 4 2
13. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥2 𝑖𝑛 4√5 𝑥2 - √20 𝑥 - √45
.
√5
Sol.Given that 4√5 𝑥2 - √20 𝑥 - √45 4√5 𝑥2 - √20 𝑥 - √45 4√5 𝑥2 √20 𝑥 √45 4√5 𝑥2 - √20 𝑥 - √45
⇒ = - - ⇒ = 4𝑥2 - 2𝑥 - 3∴Coefficient of 𝑥2 is 4 .
√5 √5 √5 √5 √5 √5
14. Find the degree of the polynomial 7𝑥4 - 25𝑥 + 3𝑥7 .
Sol.Degree of the polynomial is 7.
15. Find the degree of the polynomial 2 - 5𝑥2 .
Sol.𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 2 - 5𝑥2 𝑖𝑠 2 .
16. Find the degree of the polynomial 4 - 𝑥 + 𝑥2 - 7𝑥3 .
Sol.𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 in the given polynomial is 3 . Therefore, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑠 3 .
17. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 3𝑥 - √3 .
Sol.Highest power of 𝑥 is 1 in 3𝑥 - √3 . Therefore, the degree is 1 .
18. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 '𝑎', 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 - 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 2𝑥2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √2 .
Sol.𝑝𝑥 = 2𝑥2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √2 𝑝1 = 2 + 𝑎 + √2 = 0𝑎 = - 2 - √2 = - 2 + √2
19. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 '𝑘', 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 - 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 5𝑥3 + 4𝑥2 - 6𝑥 + 2𝑘 .
-3
Sol.𝑝1 = 513 + 412 - 61 + 2𝑘 = 05 + 4 - 6 + 2𝑘 = 03 + 2𝑘 = 0𝑘 =
2
20. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙, 𝑓 ( 𝑎 ) = 30𝑎 - 210 .
Sol.𝑓 ( 𝑎 ) = 30𝑎 - 210 30𝑎 - 210 = 0 ⇒ 30𝑎 = 210 ⇒ 𝑎 = 7
21. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙, 𝑝 ( 𝑥 ) = 18𝑥2 - 162 .
Sol.𝑝 ( 𝑥 ) = 18𝑥2 - 162 18𝑥2 - 162 = 0 ⇒ 18𝑥2 = 162 ⇒ 𝑥2 = 9 ⇒ 𝑥 = 3
22. Verify whether 𝑥 = - 1, 1, is zero of the polynomial 𝑝𝑥 = 2𝑥4 + 3𝑥2 - 5 .
Sol.𝑝𝑥 = 2𝑥4 + 3𝑥2 - 5Given, 𝑥 = - 1, 1𝑝-1 = 2 × - 14 + 3 × -12 - 5 = 0𝑝1 = 2 × 14 + 3 × 12 - 5 = 0Therefore, 𝑥 =
23. Verify whether 𝑥 = - 2, 2, is zero of the polynomial 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥6 - 64 .
Sol.𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥6 - 64Given, 𝑥 = - 2, 2𝑝-2 = -26 - 64 = 0𝑝2 = 26 - 64 = 0Therefore, 𝑥 = - 2, 2 is the zero of the polynomial 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥
24. If 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥4 - 10𝑥3 - 20𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 5, find 𝑝0 + 𝑝-1 + 𝑝3 .
Sol.𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥4 - 10𝑥3 - 20𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑝0 = 04 - 10 × 03 - 20 × 02 + 5 × 0 + 5 = 5𝑝-1 = -14 - 10 × -13 - 20 × -12 + 5
25. If 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥11 + 𝑥9 - 𝑥8 + 𝑥5 - 𝑥 + 50, find 𝑝2 + 𝑝-2 + 𝑝3 .
Sol.𝑝𝑥 = 𝑥11 + 𝑥9 - 𝑥8 + 𝑥5 - 𝑥 + 50𝑝2 = 211 + 29 - 28 + 25 - 2 + 50 ⇒ 𝑝2 = 2048 + 512 - 256 + 32 - 2 + 50 = 2
26. Find the zeroes of the polynomial, 𝑝𝑥 = 2𝑥2 - 5𝑥 - 12 .
-3
Sol.2𝑥2 - 5𝑥 - 12 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥2 - 8𝑥 + 3𝑥 - 12 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 - 4 + 3𝑥 - 4 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 𝑥 - 4 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 = 0, 𝑥 - 4 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = ,
2
