Chapter 1 po Complex Number, Complex. Numbers 2~ A Lomyples. ruber lenateds by % 1, ceed as z= xy auchene i and qe neal numbers. | | sehile Lad ite to th naw 0 the imaginary unit. Lot Here = Reo vpet_f X= Re@) | I and ip Enaginasey. pont_of z= Im@)- ty Note i>. i. 97 x20 and yhoo, then 2= otiy = ty , _ Ai called — purely ing gtncow number. co . H)s a x+ 0 And Yro', Hen 25 xt10 =, is cates seal mun bes « = eee AuD pt | ane_taid to be .egprah” | dhe, atiy, = | Conjugate Compl Nand = je ‘The conjugate nie nim bey ot ze ati Jy dengled 4y Zand sefiek: a 7 x= @4E) Je . (7-4). [di- Scanned with CamScannerSD Fomplen ringers 2 fee yo y 5 2A “bean, hung So! then thein addition aay ai ‘ yt % = rhiy, andre site complex. Numberesy Cutis) + Ceartiy,y i Cb) HE Cty). D-__Substyaction t- Subs yaction of » ag eh on cL Pi ten Complex number 4! a =k, = Certiy,) = (is ~iy) | aim Inez tp AON Oe te ven 3). tation. | i a) D-_Muttijaléation 2 fet = onde 2 fe ty te “complex Tl then _¢ _ be hoy tu aren wntons J ott aaa rein Liiston iy Qian on + “lay = iY, — —~— jo rulliplysiy yan numerator fe deroninsen ~~ RS at Shy 5 es Geb - "Tetley (Co- ig). stiyg) les eum: 4a) + i Cy > 1b) 259 ag an 2s} = At ety aie Fi i Qe ge PRY i le ETE Scanned with CamScannerTT Moclulus “Modulus « ton a complex mumben = | . let 2> xetiy be a complex number 5 then the modulus % i elenotecl by [2).an 7 and 4 | | defined os (2b ¥= fae [aye Jt 4% alo Knaun a the Abrolute Value | / an the magnitude othe complex ruber. folon foam of a complex numben t= ¢ det Psy) ea plot neponesenting z= rery. a ys the chiifance of P = _ from OLand: ZEON 0 ten X= 80s O and y= Tan —t . ; pOayy de : ae 809 Ja xtiy = § (wibticino)= © cis O ale, = wel * This exprenion Js ie, ‘sthe. polo ie ie ~eomplex. number From _e7-" ®, a — yrs yatiegh = = zp - and Os tar! G/S -, here. Oy called! the cot an the emp of Ky thus (ie azeg (2 )k a (0 se = CUT | Princ af olue f- in: the value of O: which” Sots fies “he Oen calleel the _~ principal Vedue _ oO an Khe ee asguunent of 2 ond 4 sons ng toe ) we fue - Scanned with CamScannerancl | Biagamy r “the dtomebuea! sreprenentotion E a complex neonkon oe fenauin a4 Argand co pon, Poug) WZ= €%-Y) ZO: Z=plone_an_ Complex plane trample! flepresent each of the fotoutny t_polen form Q. 0 Ter Addis xHy 2 (2) [01 +7 sing). ee = -2 and y= 2 - ave Aegis Vat = VE = ali Ado X= ¥ 3 O ond y= ¥sn 0 is "5 -2= ah wO > a= a2 sn O 2 62 otf > bin = Ye O bes th te second gucobrant | S 6-1-4 3 | ot Pouneipay arn = ml Bey Scanned with CamScannertec eee 6M 2a Atiy = - 10 ho, X= =10_§ ys 9 { = = So 7 | Te Ves Vim = 40. aaa 8 end yore oe DS @6=-1 £ si 6=0- pee | 2 - 7 s — Pate ae ap eh | - — —_Z=_10 (3 R+isinz) + ee ——EEE—E——— a ‘Scanned with CamScanner_— | . . xy, a Way - anf v= et 48 et ; _ Ye 0 2 Sa = lag 0B a fe a Hy toot EY and Sin. 8 tes My My = ty Ta His Aino cheney tan 0 = ty, : i oon ah _polor o as tw A mocluli_ and genet 4 othe jpottostig ‘Scanned with CamScannerane ong a I (344) = 09 @) Be Sig ae Re BRE a nN 0 ie Coke Bei” Ba ai aa = 6 ~3¢-21-1 + 6+3j4+2j-1 Hed td 5-86 4 SHSi and ong (Ji + s4h ) =O. oD. Atitenn%, -xe Ken , ut tEy 2 Ls sti ten «, pe st fb yaloe 3 ve Vitae = [seca] A s_ 9 = He = eca= ] cos « } i and ain O= I /y= end / ec] tan x. [cos x]. | 1 | toe Tt When os X > 0” Tif, Ket eT Pt op OS BK : ae Scanned with CamScannerL Rooks of _a_ compl a of 4 a_complex numben , ______ - Cs 643 ein y= corn + isin nf - We sui ine —e- Meier's to fltel the £ thot \ 3 ‘Scanned with CamScanner2 sin Ge 2) _ Cos (im +0) +E sin (+9 ). v n “Ferd he Lipth nook of arity et s9$2 1s Chins eo s - i eg Coe (er) eee (Acres K =0,1,2,3,4 Z = Les (aka) +i st kn) 17/5 By he - Moiven'’s xth:™, Ze cs Qe) ti sh (aps) Shy, #4 cots of wntly ane — “fon Ke, gets Otisino = 1 Gon K=41, zeoees An tisin ax = & Ss s on ee 90 2 = Cos et sae es Gs Ss Ss Gn e238, Y= Os be tish oe = 0% a Ss Fen KE 4, %E Cos BE hsb 8X = antes S: s the | peppiined. five sngeds y antl, one. 1) w,) a, 0 and at 2 esi "Scanned with CamScanner| to none = Vi | zs [Nz Cos yt icin my) ] ee fils Ces Ty ot isin Ty) = we cos (2eR+ ae + 1stn (ee traf yer ee Le (e+) tj sin He een 4 _gilé Leos 2, isin ry, 3 = fe D2. ae — 26 fs 3 +58 Be 20 an th j 4 Coos ree Fst a oF cos Gurr 4 that, Genny] = “p aes c Coe “(ace4y fy Fh Ein wang] a L an = ctohene k= 0,3,2,3. : - ‘Scanned with CamScanner— Fon Ken 0, Ze VF fees oe 1 N23 [ tos Ry tb ain ey] m= VP Xt ly) Zy Weg a2 gc a7, + P40) 3% 4, J: V2 [cos (x- 7%) + 1S (w-7y,) = Vi [-& Ty + Gain Ty J © N% [> 37543 tg] X= -44h- Gon k=2, Zea Sh [ces ST, + ism Sey): - fi [os (1+ Ay) tin (7H) T = VR [- ws Ty — tty Hy, 7 = “yo - th TY tye) Z4 = -A-t oe de oe yaa [es Hey FAS) Mf |. = Ji Los (an- yt sty (an-¥/y) J = Ji [ ws Ue = ish MH, : = VRC Yg~i44q) 7 ee Scanned with CamScannerof stnity _eore_dn geomet shaw. that, thely sum is Zero. i _ whene Jee 0,4, 24- set poh a | thy, the Mm sraols ome ee 08 Ye + isin Ye > 7 a Cos 64. Fils 6m.) 08 WN) Be bist (et) R- a ae - nr 7 py _ n n Let 3. A tis Pe = WW { 7 7 -L | then the souks ane, 42, 0% oo, 2 ==) 0” l. ie ; = Naw, ane —n son gf sanity oone._2he Scott. _eqpation _% —1 = 0 nowt: = = we ttidents of 207 coefficients of 2” z | These scot. form _treomebis. pooproston auth and _Hthrein continued proc mea ne th a wo ~-- et 7 | 434.2. +A) . cot Et na (n-t) , a SU _ (New since w= Cos ‘og eit Ye in x ao ‘Scanned with CamScannerPrectucd YS rote = Gos x rj iy = n-4 (-4)"3 Cay? G4)? a =i = (0) @1)* = caott continudied — pro cluct atl nth nats = Hence , athe JoLuction o Otnolmatic Gyucctions 3 ~ a Eveu Quachrattic equation oe sthe 7” 2 AZ + HR+C =O, swhene %4,¢ © C, and #0, L[set YF Comp: no-¥ has a Solection t) C, thick scan be obtained Ay athe fotouting formula — Le b+ V6 4ac aa £3 _— eqpection 2 (StU Z+ tL = 0 Gun, eg” & ge (Sti) 2+ eres | shee a= 4, b= ~(St) = 84). Substilucteing these Vatues to othe fosrmuta oo ae ue get Za (9tt) t af (SH) L8H: ry . Scanned with CamScannerme OSH) bt sf 984 oid a Z= (GM) tV-8t6i . ——-O, 2 het w? “8465 -——® ay 2 Lo . Gs ' : 8+6; ; RYT Rays BGG Compaving dieal and Umaglncey joax fy we 46 | ng esl nd .tinggén 4 pour get nee =-2@ cane ary = 6 an = 3hy t au ao xe 9 =~ Cage 8 =) xt 3 =< -3x2 > _2xiI+ gx2-9 = 0 SD xt + gx%>m2-G=6 = x? (a4 9) - 249) =0 D> (43) RA) =6 =) x= Bia X= A % te meal > fe 2S 1 frente = y= 3,5 3: enue te? prom ey @, we gee (4431) = 94g - 143i = nfrerg hence, eG 7 ~~ Scanned with CamScanner| hence =the sreguined! Se-uitions OL¢ (SEEN ear eh 2 a L= Stat an Ay gent a ge Prove that ReG@) >O cane [z-1] < [244] are 7 equivelint ,urtver Z= xtiy yn Solu z= ret ky Re (2) > 0 ——. &© | x>0 New, z-af_< [xt4] : : : lati Ese al — | Cepia gt < Joenttyt ad ye Z xtatanty® [ -2x 2K oo — _ = > KZ>O' ——® mom ef." @ and @ , + fom _ 4 ge lz) >0 cand [2-4] < [z44] ane i : epptivalens - Scanned with CamScanner“| Zz fang] Q- Show thot oe (71 — +9 Gotu”. let z= xe athe [Zzl= ¥ and ay (2)= G a geo iz] >: a [ev 1] " = | cos O44 sin O- 1/ JusO-1+i sho] [-2 unr 45 2 8. os 5 | 2 ; 2 2 x [axe] fener tong / a 2 = [2sing | [eee ate | Wott = 2 [sin] 4 2{2/ i Eee et é |o| _ Jary (2)| Scanned with CamScannerof & complex numben ~~ . ay Za wes Oritne) = Tel) be a complex number oGhen necturial Aogoatcthm A denoted ty Gye cin cleftnedl oy log = nt H4 (O+anx) 5 NGEZ- Pruicipal weatue of og % & denoted Ary dog ~ onal fs clefind as fog 2= Sn THIO , aio where v2 VY? O= privipal argument Ge Some _Resuliy > 3. ty Gi) + dn Fr) = L,@.%) 2)* dy Gs)- Sn) = Ln 4q,9 5 3 dA dn? = where % tan neien be Ewe fg Bere. dz Be: J Le, on (log 2z)'= yy. 1 oS oz = fog z rasp: - Ting [n (@) when equals i). -S Gop” Za -S then =S 4. _ us | oe Lyk = Ano +4 Ange | 404 C5) = Ly S + 470 ‘Scanned with CamScanneroa = dnt + f(otank) 4 es = 4A+fieb 5 ne 2. oe, A: — ity ‘Scanned with CamScanner@= x Ga) Ot bP OC4 ADR) = tnt+ £ (orn i: ne? = COS A- teint) ~ O44 isin t ae ony R= - tant (20 = K— tay? (tan 1) © =x-1 dn CO*) = Qa + t(n-A+ Int) O + i(n-ttann ), Er tn t=0) a ,rrtrt—~— Ml ‘ Wm (443i) Sos". Za U3L = v= Vis+3 = fis= 5 Ang x= sont 3), = 0: 64850. Le) ee Deanples :- Solve fon 2: dN. Uy RE ~Et ki obs pe n+ iAngz = “ei ; _ _ fom He neal & Jmaginasy panis , 10 get ss a, feo Ath Scanned with CamScanner| zed fees 4) + isin (7%) | = a (ort) a earn i). X= ra Sp it “ gol Ry te Mn¥t1O = An Bye Comp aining neal ancl dng Parris , ae gh | An¥e-2 3 Yee” anc 0 = -3/a * (8 3, = ——_—__—_—_— ome 02 1354- easions—git thy 7 Rice by) eC tat Rp ke) Fa enti: ‘Scanned with CamScannerae —_ ani Baxi log Loy CN) — e [eer 89] eae —q tow, fom tog LEACH BI 52 Ca) E48) , Oe Mar % = = B/g — a) 9 ey (s-SBi) J = Ly tA > aye = Lary Co ‘Scanned with CamScannerPease (agi) 8 = 3ly log ABD e Naw fon “4 CLHBi) : : : Sve Nae = 2 | — G = T= tan 4 Se onan - _¢ 2 =Mp = AT fy. ee Elna + 427) a 3; c = — —-Bjg9——$ = ae ‘Scanned with CamScannerxporendial ‘Function 2 Nofe :- 4% yity —= @= exp2as ce 4 eX oft = Coos visiny) ©* shout Steduce to the geal shen 42% 4 realy @* ghaulel fe on esting function, Cie, analy. pov al 2) Ce?) = et on_#@= & = eeot y +7 esi y . where ACY) = can y VOoy= sng Uy = Kas ~ eh sing Vy = Csing Vy = eet y, uv « P'@) = Uytivy {'@ =@ Loseer foo oy 2 hh veld. CLt- Bind 0% ancl fe*] y- BAP 24 31 Sot Ze Irn ea et tar ‘ = 2 = ee ‘Scanned with CamScannerONS - 167 R= 0-95-16 2 _ «9S 1:65 era God = E64 | = OV LT eso iene) J 0 = -0-07550 —i RSP yEL. “1 le] = eos = 4.58570" tort), =F /y i Represent ib “exponential pon pom — — ee ‘Scanned with CamScanner_ Solu § as z= Qua. \ \E | | Important “example, 1 eS Shaw at .cosiZ)= Sa fon all x Ttird Let | Takai xAly Se LosiZ) = eos 7 a e* en = -Z oe +, ete” = cosh x = Gxtiz) 2 the pouicpal vate of 40°? Ber ee . Logesdthm on both soley — 40g Caeiy) = seg £2? Gos) fog £ =a) [peg +1405) = (ei) [041s deus (2) = COC Catity e a Wy 1% ; a FS € +e ~ (osmtienE) état ae - a coll = 48 Ka Scanned with CamScannerds Sf & anol B are the mops of the .egpaition x= 2142-0, fend the vatue of act PB. Honce , cleoluce th at (ak y ale 32- Solu”. yr axt2e O fe 2S fre. 44 fT 2 t4¢ vo anol oon the sevls of eg-”, Ke 44h > Bees het tti=y Cus Ot isin O) ye [itil « Jie and O= tanta). Fant @= ky Ke trie 2 (oR ri sing)= Re 4 ix . =th-- enh P= tof =i Com Bsr E) =e eH . - te a+ B (Gi.e*)’+ Cae * ) ny s9F -ioF - (@"(e* +e *) N a » y = w § 3 Scanned with CamScannerFind all gotutiongs o je Mating fenes e=4 ee et = oS ‘ | es ys set? = = eae ce gio and -¥= Otine 5 net oan z= xtiy | fo ‘Scanned with CamScannerBrome int | Formaly :~ }#- HEL = Cos x coghy ~ isinx sinhy | sr2= ginxeoshy + Leosx sin hy: iti}. cosh’ gin? got [iv)- ]oos2|*= costa +f in h? Yr [ginal = gio%x + sinht'y. | vi} dete e Ako | = Vos oO | Garsin® —— . a . a . ind =f 2) eMer+tic 0, 2 os O=y fy sind = Ai, which Bq ghaclyalic O= Tn: *. An (gt &) =4,4 +i (tagpare) ley Carb i(netaes, , Semilooly bn (Yi) =i CRGtibr) pee hence, te af (Bp takr) - Ye el Crtic) : pene EOS Fe : = Ke aki} en ) | = white TERT -Chapter 2 | Complex “Fiune ti ee eee } “Function Ff A complex vooriakle _ | ket t= arly be a comple number ancl Let s be a tet of complex numbers + 2 function ff | defined on & Ba sale. they austgny clo each 2 in S js 4 grap comple _ Teumber ws. The number w ts calle the walue of of ot paint 2 and is clenateel ty #2), ire, we £0). the set SA called Aheclomain of olefuiition off: Range af f lu the sgt F all values 7 fC) coowresponelé do each 2 sy 8. ee, wes f@)= fOrly) We yy) Hiv Ooy)- - Here, Uy) ancl voy) core _srterl waleved functions and uGoy) § Gog) _ene_srespeetively peal tana Amaginasy ponts af athe function wr an #2) « Gy het we f@= 2432, find wand v and salewlele the _wolue of fot Z= 143i fe) = z+3x poe Omiyy? + 3Geriyy ray 2 + 3x 43ky. = fO-= Otay 43s) th ryt 5py— — ene az Re [#@OI= x y's 3x - _| ee am LEVI = 2ry 34, \é e | an wo 0 J Nelue of fot Ze 3i) shee 294% atta) = —4-9+3 ao8 v3). ast 3% fats Scanned with CamScannerEm. het z= £2) = Rint GE find Re L1I Anel value ff at eae: Gos” we f@) Ae Dine 67 - = Mt Cotiy) ot 6OCiy)- cat | Rin = Dy + 6x- by we = (6x24) (2%-64) go, 04) = xray and Oy) = axa by i Naw , "f¢£CatHi) = 6-2) 4A C22 6-4] TE S58 +45 anh p t\ = Sim Add . = Oe2sty) (x42 ay) ee CoD Oye = eae = otty = 2x = THF iy Facey + iy ty” : es —— e 7 x4 t+ Ux + ye =e oo: is a ye iy 4 — ty be sey dk | Scanned with CamScanner| Uldne | ieee ntage a eerie | +1644 qo | heneg , ye) = 9 Ai at 22% - | | _héimit_ of a_function #0) © = A function £(0 A said to have the Limit Las z~ approach a point Zo, nepresnicd as e Aim #22 4, | ZI2Z0 | Y fon each Ete nunben € , rene exists Gyre number §, euch that ; [#@-1l <6, | Yahehewen O° S[2-201 = € - Pngpertion of Mimid i~ , ~ ‘ el tin £@)= th “fet un fe) b andl Lim § » then | Z> Xo @ tin L#@+I@]= Ak Le2e e = _@, din (¢@)-g@ = EK Dr iii din cf) = cl , where © Ja any scaled : ] Z32o G3. dim Cfteg@l= 2k: Jr ko — a wie eB Scanned with CamScannerin | \x (ot? y of, Evaluate 2 id ui cz) GD tim CFDs Si (Ro. zou ay ; ; ence” dacs nok 7 CZUfy Shauw stint the mel of the fame” dort th fled smo , 248 TH) ket Be Xt iy Y@= Vxity? Fon irik , consiclen aug pths — When Z- Meues along Js then *=9 nd Yo, they since, Fi . ‘yn £2 1: um (@)= tin yo. Mm 42 1 qo # Yoo VE {eo d 4) when z-meuey along xX- ary w=? 0 and f= Him t@) = dm 2 - 0, Jo Xo Ve oth the Limits cone kifferenh , Hence he Limid lees not ercis fs s Continuity + A fune’? £2) Js said to be conttrusuy at a point % , i = Sectisfied — a ¥ all the following Annee condifion ane - De diy £0) exe » iS. £ (0) exis ~~) Zl Scanned with CamScannerjek ° 45 con tinuauy ain Shaw that Y(z)= Re & fel L= Re@D . xry? ee fo) vary Por continuity fost we ul chee Lethethey the MIA catists are nok dum: AC) = hin 20 30 Se 20 Fatig? Consider ley Pts Pxth T *- when x meues alton. thon HAO and Yoo ve Aim fl2)= Zao Pecth-D :- shen 2- mauey cteng Go ed Ahen Yo and xX=0. {hin ¥@)= te bg? am -y Le as Vey = ye Aye = dimy = 0 eo ft ain fle) = 0 q0 ane {=o yy el ang io f@)= f0)=6 Hente, f(2) 4 wntnusuy at 2= 6 BE SIA-k | an yp Betermine whether athe furcten fee § ese Ss » fon 24 : Us condinusey Qe Can athe func.” oe. +— nedefined to make Jt concttnuary af gekl Scanned it CamScannerknaw that, FS g@ ch Continuous’ >: os h (2) when 92) and GD ane continwaus , whore h@fo. So LE) dy continues eureryavhere created at e--t dine. g@ anel h(2) came condinuney - d x= 0 they qo -i, fe) = cli Corry 84 (etd {i xe Eee ‘ yord BAH = thn Gay? 8y 2 eo Fay ’ = dtm = 24-3 Coy © Howpilald sealey jis — pt cea oh fi Gse Dt Y-4t and x30. _ a pti yt i = Min (eA Bi (x-4) -2 Pe alti = tin i) 437 ‘ Pe sa) +3i Coby C'Hospitel’ sale eee tuys | jon {B= 2 La-4 obo {C= 5-3 ( . ¢ ae Fm #0) =i Howe, £0) not analytic at z= i ft | Supp, we medleying £0) a4 — - . edead of S, An Ft) ts continua af x= ‘Scanned with CamScannerBiter sentir bility 3 I M fumetion 10) 0 gai to he differentiable Xo Y othe y fC) tin CGrAt)~ Mas) Arse» a7. Qo tm AO)-FCo) | Cwhwe 22% t01] AL22s — : 2-de exist ancl ee) & known as the Cotuntive of VC) ttaze. of Aiflerentiabety * Fy de ao , where € a compler conutant + 2d f@) + d pO BD A 14 g0)1.= 3 gt [fef@] = ed C{@))- ” of dz s) # [49] : 4@ 8 ZL Bw J ‘ (e)_ -€C) - Yoda got ¥ at n 2. Chan sute + dw. dw, dw ae da ae Y wet) § - we Ja): ‘Scanned with CamScannerdifferentiable forr all x. = yh Cx te Shaw thal $s ab Given, 1 22 yt (a) = tin (TRARY? . Awe Ae lim DRT AY 22 an Shaw that £'@) low not exade af any pont x wh). L@= 7 6) - £(2)= Rez: a). We fae, fe Ls xiv , hence, ¢'@) = te+ar2) — 10) a0 "AQ = Min Cxtax-i(ytsy) J- (iy) Be ae diay = tim 4x1 dy eee “Say Coxe Ti- When 62 -mauey ator real ax , te. 4x0 > Ayeo then ue haue » Min SxX-iay Aim ax 4- 0230 “Saray 48 ax = Core T Par c= When ar %& dmaginasuy » G9 thet Ax=o then © & . © ner awk howe tery Ox Oy en Ag 4. O10 Sxtidy = Ayoe fay = In both the casey. « lini ue fi ere mes, dumits aie ok Pena . rence te Ay not Uiflereniable at ty bel Zo rm A anbibvasy, is = » 42 Macher diff rentable - ‘Scanned with CamScannerthe, value of the cleruivatine Let i ¥@) Zot LE) = kb fhtA2) — oO 239 tiny Azo : Q2>0 On ¥ lite) -~ £ ro ‘Scanned with CamScannerSFratga Famections 1 4 single velued temple | lion) “fw ty said clo be aw anette fund * al a point Zo in the eloman 4 4 fe) 4 not ent lisf onntiale at 2, bat ato diflenentinble sn Some, neighbaurhood of % oO» A {inclon (2) 4 anatytic ny & dors, 9 Y ly analytic cueny whee ry the clemaun 4 AN (linetron uhich l= xipy® Vy=0 VY aye Vy dye 2) 1x2 Oo 2) ay=o =) x=0 =) yee hence, GR epuations ane gatiyfced only at x=0 & yro ve () tee exists onty at (0) and (= uty, 7 = dxtio /@) «0; ‘ Hens © f= ieee | 32- 65 oe nf) = itty) 42 ef 3 tly) — G4 i Scanned with CamScannerf) 2 14 Baa ait - by Cbiy 21) 3° (x4 Wadi) Yee) 2 At i 7% tom hee Uitagy= 0, VOuy)= 4 4y= 0 5 We 0 Vy=0 ; ¥y =0 wo - 0 y= vy & Ny= aly hus + p rie CR Cypections aie Sally Hoof ence {(2) & analytic Cuerupehtrce ag f©etts Yeuruged One} #@)= Ati, =O (©). (@= tes ~ z Gry) pa (ty) Se Cy) 4, wiy @) arly + _% =H iy x eye Scanned with CamScannerWye dt wey de ot” ae Le ; (iy) , Cy ~ axy cep and Vy = i- Gey? Jo ¥3y cur Da SM Vg dt yh at “x Boy = Ae Ce Gey) thus Pty ty Ay £E GR 27"5 ane Satis cif hence, f@) a analytic tunsypeshane One] (2) xxish evesuperherre : Scanned with CamScanner1 Lophoce __Cyuation [OE | v. EOD Ay h ly © 0 VivsO => Vy Yyy =O Laplace _xqucction ey poten yom t 2 ph dz + ee al) oe ADE yz oon Hanmonic “Functions ‘ Yoa fretion setty fiey Laplace, equection , then LX cis _coulleel co howrmonte, portion. eq: A is a hanmonte furcbion mec Uy + Uyy = 0 Conju ate honmonte func? 3- S == ed ia A function (my) 44 satel 49 be conjugate panmonte ev eoy ¢ — Ci ALY vane panmonte. (GR _epuactiany_ ene _gectivfited « Mune “Thomson's _Hethod BF f'O ty ashy OR eypatiin CD Replace by % ond 4 ty 0. (HD). Sntegorcke f'(@) win 2. : the thleqnated vatue ould be Abe sequined walytie fenetion _ Scanned with CamScannerRetermine the. corey _fanction | sehose _m: a ____ peor _is ek Ceeesy = gang) a Kol: fet f2y= tie be an analytic postions = men VOY) = & (€3 cosy = y sing) — Gite: eX Rosy = gsing + cosy) Hea — % - = = eX Ccony “o sny - 4) a Agus, ne f@)= Mriv 7 | a flys du +i av Ox Dx sin = -y cosy) oo — i pasey tort) — = ising) }_ _ — a — _tutene. ods vat i : = Larne. Lea Someta +s 4@, = ize +e Oe] ee i po aK. _ . — ska A the Map mip Scanned with CamScanner&® Gxet+ det GAP Let awh or noe FO= HU be an analytic fanclion pred we ancl express £2) in dom + UY us Seay, eZ. 7~@ = utiv, = Sx= Dey. oY. ax = 3-24 —— oy (@= utiy f= 24 4 42u ax dx 7' Re Dy -ida , ey GER e9°sJ. om ay T1Q) =. 8-dq + Ld replacing ‘Ky 2 fy ty 0, tue get 7@= 34i22 dokespating 40-149 2 He 2 an (2 f@).2) 82+ izite., 2 suhere ¢ 4 confanf. 7 sic. 32+ “22 x+hy , (@)= 3H )+ 4 Gly airy) tc = 3x4 Biy + ExT hyt Ry to ($x -29y) Cat ght 37) FONE , awhene C2 VHS ays Bye Scanned with CamScannerfane!'s sce SS derorespomaling Ne 2 @: we x , Oy He ety Os Aan xtay? : ~ . Bayh a @ a= sinxcoshy Ove 423m Os b ete ne ewhethe the ~ sg : cr temonte an not: af yess jind june? f= «eoog) ivy). Te pas le) ek | Pe ee ey — Swi se a iis ae —@ : ae ge(e ga) from, e748, ue get - =e My Dy en mK yr =O we Sg a osrmoniie eng. _ A fe= uti fase: _ : —f" @= Ou 4 LD —— ax ox Scanned with CamScannerfee tag | . yp)? ayy” Peplosiny ~ by 2 & oY by 0, -me. get {@=s -2 . ~~ A zs oa Anvtegsvacting win fo 2, ae ge f@= -@) +c ¢4) + atid | [= obis Ctesy} oa L bene, _#@)= 4A + atib Zz a a a . _ Conpugecle tasrmonte fone? _ Scanned with CamScannerpas :23 hy 2 anaes Who, os toe, A Ee Ox oy a doc not ati fy the P9plae og" iF a Hence tt ts not harmonce fue Fay, @. ve Am 2 = 6 ce yy dy = Ogee, 2a¥ - 21 » Be. o 20 262 ~ ee, A 4 avs Oto t0=0 ee er ey 8 ted fies the Laplace ey" Hus ME dt a hewmonec func? cf) = ative fle) = — Iu 4 4 _ ae, _ or or f'O= 4 Ww 4d [wy eR er 7 Se Ley GR 038] an f'(2)= 4 : mt Mow seplaciny tly 2 & 6 ty 0, ue get tO % —— an leg seston hy Zz we. get -” or - [* UE My [2 F@ _#(2)= Ap ined with CamScanner= sinX ceshy Du = osx coshy Slyx sty hy a “Dx? Hu ea 4 By - sinx couhy 5 at s) aaa = Sinx coshy 5 By = Oo aye oie sate fies the. Laplace 9" Age LC Ay heomonte fare?” {@2 {i @= 7 (@= #'@= 7 seplesing x by (@= ace + Le xa dy -i2u axe Cos x ceshy = i(ainx sinh y)- 2 YY by 0, He —get OZ > ay CR eg] - ce “wh o=4 & sinh o= 0] Taw tnlegnating somite 2, sue get 7@) 12 = = the tc : sin (ty) te Sinx cs dy Ft _Orre sind it + ats, Chat ais] Sinx woahy + deostinhy + atid, 2 Les tig)e cahy & = 1igh yl: - sini) thou, _#@)= Sink coshy +hscsinhy +.Ois,— - ond va cosusinhiy +b = Scanned with CamScannerNyx t Vy oes ae ft, 8 does nol sebirfers the pti %° — hence 8 ty nat a ho»monte . fiance” ~ Le Vy t Wy 2 cay + o%siny = 0. | xt yy. tf Df He OE cher Salifeey othe Aaplece egy 7 a 7 hence Is a hasrmonee fare” ae _ Tow, f{@s du, pave an fas z— Pa, fe @ ‘Scanned with CamScannerYe ee ws o-isno}- {@)=\ cosy iChiny +-a+h4 whee WE c*cosy +q- ay toaty 4. tay > eck e ae S52 t 32 gor ) Yer ® 5 ch +0 440k ye va = 0 Tae eon Haw, A seth fey athe Asploce ep ence a st hasrmonte youre” now ~'(2)5 24 442 ~ Uy WY a Baw EB 7 Loy CR eg.” J oy 0 {@= &.- 0 ek now reploring ~~ ty 2 b O40, me get {@= + Scanned with CamScanneron typi ah 2 ‘Scanned with CamScannertoue that canaly tic function uch ccomtant mocluts ts constand - an Shaw thal YY f@) x analytic fn a corvaix J and [f@)]= k= Contant in By cthen fC at constank in > ket f= arte be analytic jaune” ancl —-[ ¥() = comsdanf= k Cray) fhen ace fee ty prove hat £(2) YU comtant. CoE? When k= 0 H@l= «= [#@]= 0 3 |xctiv] =o D> atyprt=o er {@) = utiv = 0+10 =O = wnstart Ths, £2) % wonstunt fan k=O 7 Ge T:- why #0 : [f@)) =k. > Vary? =k 3 attvts fe ©. 2 ‘iffmintg @ pooritialty unto x, 08 get UUM + 29, =O or Udy t VV, = O° —~@: | again, diffonitincing 6 prnbally wr fo yy ae gt | daly + Ivy = 0 | r Jo | an. Antly + VY = 0 ——@) - Scanned with CamScannergun thal £2) “san analytic fk mast rainy CR coats | fe Uy = vy and wm “Vy, —@ y= autng a Gy eo" ® becomes aay, + vu, = 0 ——O Sypeoting ‘and. acdeling eg" & 4 ie gd atu +. vist pt tt vig =.0. =) 28 (ty Sa ue) + vt (ued we )=0 i el) (ie wi) = 0 Gut Prem ey *@., weyers jet Fa oO a ae constant oe th, f= utiy = enttant = — Hence, analytic fanetion sith coment moelluy —t_tomitank — Scanned with CamScannercao a waa & stuck that othe gitey dune? coe hanmonde d= andy by J since te xd by? 2a _ 3ax* and 3, Shy” ax = oY s =) Du = 6ax ancl es 664 “ax? aye y if 420 _ 7 S25 then, By 4 Ba = 0 Qxr OYy™ Af at 2 heemonic Now, azo, [1 a=0% b=0) =\ RM. o fy B4i= 0 —@) Ox ay By “efter of portliald diff. , 1 esse = BV, fe at oar wey a an dv = -u dx + 4g dy _Jioy CR <2] Vy. J *Y ; on dea 0 mar by 9? ©): C ky the “nbegraton F onsfony-— Scanned with CamScanner@ as antes 2y. aan? = gous: Uy Zax “+ by > My Ox ~ lyx = 6 ax 1. tlyy =O q aso, ‘ oe abe Bat 4 dO. a axe OY? ae: «ts hosmonte.. Naw, ct a= 0, - = Any a 2 che New , oy deflnitie ae diflerenfation sug he A= 9 lee ne oly ' L1G 40%, ! wo dy = ce gk ways by Qo ‘Scanned with CamScanner 4 cand Oy 4x| Mapping of « .compler _ flandtion * Cxempatet | — Detenmine, the. region Rtn oo plane contrespondiny to the nepion R in fhe zt-plane ty x=0,4=0,. x=4, 421 ander the bans ferracteon w= 2+ (2-1), Solution 1 - Let w= z+ (2-¢) a use = (xtiy) + @i) oO utiv = (+a) +4 (9-4) Cie pe ee eee then *= O) when Y= 9 5 here ae =e) when get 2d 1 plane weplane | B "Let sbuo cunver CL and tn the. 2-polane | Andesock oct Dre point Pan det earvraponding clones < and. 6 dn the _w- plane Arterek ck fhe point. Po dined, the = mapping w= #6) 0 - ‘Scanned with CamScanner= a “37 oy age of oboecsion rf the cures Cy aod atthe _peint Pane egpiad to the LY J intsrye- - ey “the anne, 6! and Gy ak Fhe pat both _ ym _anol_sense. then the mopping fs said, _ na _tongfanroel 10 napping otf Pe _ “Theonern_ 2 C Compal _ pein of mig fe?) — _ af _futO 4 Aan ancy fosetion and £1 : ee at -egual a Zeno tn A200 Rf 2-plane. — | then the ae = “ft S 6 —condanina a Goals = Show. that J) — weupwhene except _ of: folution '- We Ienaw thet fle) = 2* 2 enalyt Sp ‘Scanned with CamScanner| éxany onl ie ae 7) az hy eee Lomond | “Solution t- Hone {@)= Fis not analytic - be F@Q)=Z ie mot conpornal . Some _ Sancowral Transpo nmatéons (41. Translation + we ze, shee ¢ Ls the Lomplex constant. &xample 1 Find. the image of the circle. fz[=2 -uneler the Loransfoxmetion ur = X4 3-26 _ Solukion 1 Hene we 2+ 34+ai CXtig) + @ #23) 243) 43 (y +2). = uti — and = y+ 2. | shi da he typeby of ince ut cortye, (3,2) and naduy AL - Scanned with CamScanner__al. “Rotation ane onl. Lge fin. “Solution Here w= (1ti) 2 A CH MCretiy) 4) Cap Bite. ee x 5 [ye at y ae —_ assy gir = 4 . - - Sv. ‘Scanned with CamScannert : > [plane] [w- plane} ‘Scanned with CamScanner= lind the mage of [238i] = 8 under the maphing : a fei tif —— eo a 2) fats (yay = 3 a | 2 x 4(4-3)* = —— ~ 5) eye by 49 = Je => at ware eet Scanned with CamScanneran 4 ee ee i wre M6 o : ae [x= plane] (w= plane] Example -2: Find “the nage. of infinite. ip fey ss Solution sundles the. rans formation ws ys Algo Shou thok nyo arpa Here we i tig i xely st uti an merdy = A eye ee an AE ou by WEAVE _ a Scanned with CamScanner: bts a equation fo aes 8 8 er) 3s 7m ah % ____ ram, le-3 in Find Pn enn . Lhe dinage. + negion | inden the _enneetin set Ye poe aa] oe eee ‘Scanned with CamScanner1=_ 4 a4 > abevts 4 D> wWeouty*= 0 2 ao at pgtets $ 2 Go m)* + Wd" HD? , - which Ss a eypation of a drele swith contre (4450) and paclis =. LL plane) >a —Y Cw-plane] = / Gxample t- “Find the dnge x Aine. _goxti= 0, tinker the mapping. 4: a Pes Ch al So Luction +> Hene w= 4 2 = Sobiye Ue yt we Ae ae eee ew : _ Now Y-x+ 15 0 : ae = 44.120 ——— 3) Ube 7 ase Scanned with CamScannerday, + ve vey = BL =) Cr“y + Cb)” = (Ky aekich “ya epucction of rele, 4d, conbie (% ¥) and sadiy = ie -x4i2 0 aU Ge) (0,4) tC plane) - ~ Geample = Shaw shat arden the Arnpimelin =, the. sma 4 fyperbola_x*—y*= 14s the Aemnisttt, R'= Cop , shone ur = Rel® the ux—plane. Qolution:- kel a= nel? & we elf ty : ond oe Sy aa Ref a _ ot iO | ye = S Rey, $228 an 2-4. Nowe ayes 7 Me Teng. = avient Os 1 | vw whos26= 4 - | oe wa Scanned with CamScanneri | Pw Capes | RRs wag | i | (a9) aa = su LA § a by Cxplone]- (41: Tnangfoomation w= 2" te la wet oo 7 | uti = (eely)* | =) uti = af aixy . 3 ativ sGcmy!) + 2 as ae aye * ve = By _ LC) weg Se Refs rte | Rag je: - = fo Clr - | Example: - Find, the image #4 athe. rans formation — - | Solution 2 bet rarel® "ve hel | ean ot re | - Scanned with CamScanner= 20 R/_ CRO S IK, y= pe Sky. ¢ Cz- plone j Exeonple, + Shou that the Sransformation w=x maps the. 7 _dincle [2-4] = 1 info_candivid Re A(itorg) ) whore we Rel ty the we plane - _ Solution = ws U* dag Ret 4 ai oe - Raw p= ___| Now , fe-4[ = 4 a o ((atiy)-1] =4 SD [@-t)eigl=1 Je eile yer ee . = i DS weaxtityts 7 Jeead - rpg hn dx =O 8 eet O = 0. ‘Scanned with CamScannera R= ator ( Pa) ‘an = 4 cosh g | an R= 4 Cs os$ z an Re 2(ttcsd) [plane Exampl oe the. me: con = a ofan we 2. 7 . oe oe L - —— ties owigt = xt tiny gy = Gy) + tinge | wus xey* rn OY hen x2 Ly we yt fy ety — =| Sus ou, - - | . > Wy, = Ee —— —— | i Sb w= 4) ao Scanned with CamScannerWy es > ve = 4 (urd) — suhen ror y = Le 2 ya aex Naw, ae xg? es ang 2 (x)? = ax(1-x) = 2 = (ust) (1- eet xh (t- 2xe — = Cubs) (4 4) & eo rey — Greomple - “Find the. “noe. af Pole Ial=. ( tenelery the, dana __onmation eur = tA what 38 the _Amage. when a= _48__the see Conformal Herne (zel=a Wo ee \ ‘Scanned with CamScannerNaw = A (CH O+ isto) + (cos 6 isin ©)- a a Care) 6 + i (aL) sn 0 a o ALE pata w= (a> i ¢ 4) & = Cay) in 9 Us Lod , v= meh oO, uwhene ge ahi where m= a-t a a “4 = a6 : w= eO- = & ys 80 ee vea 2, which § the equation 9 an ellipse a= 1, thy Ua kosg Wd FO -1< co @44- a o > -142£ 203042 "Scanned with CamScann— Recténeas, Com Mo.biuy) Trans h»mection © ‘The cbranshymation of Ue fom w= arng cuted »C, ol ane complex conifands cn of ade #0. Called ¢ Moblus fransformation. ohare a4 Example # Shou that -the Bikiners, Shrangfonmation 8 como nrods: Spltion:- Hene w= arts cxztel vi dw = (xr) a - (azteje . ole (cxtd)* daz tad — az — 4c : _Cextd)* = ac —-6c #9 > Cvad-se #0 J. Here, the Bilinean Anunsformedion i congonmat: Gross - Rathid Sropenty_ 3+ Sores) Cig a) = 2) (ae &) Cos- Ws) (ary, 1) a) ( Cramps s- Rind the Mosly Jeter fommetion tha rap the oe point Bat sO, Z gS Fonte wp =-1 wash, ‘Scanned with CamScannerw ys 1 tug seb ad wet By semas-satio Property (00-0) (Wem 3) (2%) Ga 2) Germ tde) (Ween) “CF) Caan) wr CHI) 2 (eet) C1) (w-1) Citt) “CDG bd (Re) (tod) Met (1) Gt Py Componenclo andl cliutelencte Crt) + (w-1) (wtt)- Cw-1) = _C&+1) (4) + (21) (441) __ (+1) Gi) - (24) (144) aoe 2 ~ us 7 an w = _, which is the sreypined Mobius _ transformation . €zam| mle Find the Mobius Araneformation thet maps the point 420, B21, 25 © on Wy=-S ,Wys-1,Wy= % spd - What ome the Jinvastant points. a the Aransfosmmadton + : Hene % _ Le _ = %2= 1 - Z Co ka Scanned with CamScannerBy sO186 > ratio Property c J Code tg) CO - O83) (4-9) (a=73) Geo- erg) Cory 4) (1-44) (n-th) CoOIt*sVEH) Cr-o)(t-m) (er-3) (4) Ct-) C1) Now, = hrnaytet Str Ae dt 490 Gob Ee lp) Area C1) = dt ae (ets) €4) x, (w-3) : wes = -2 w-3 a 1(W+sS) = -x (w-3) D> WHS = 2432. DS WUtZ)= 32-5 By componenclo ancl oliviclencly ) Ca+5) + (W-3) = a (Wot) - (w-3) -%oL me A2Ot2 = - Rt e L on wtt = -4et4 ce “. w= pet -2 : - =Z=1 —_- = -4ket4- CI), 1 : oS Me TE KHL ~Z-1 ‘Scanned with CamScanner a“Wo = ~Sz4+5 =e-4 Ww = 32-8 1 the Anvestiant pont ane giver by ar=Z . Sr-§ =. % B44 - BS = 242 > garth 0. which x a guackrate eg", Zc -bt nfortac = At = 2F _ 2a — S44) _ 2 — a= 1t2i _ These a He equines! pot Znvasiian + points of. Aransfasrmation: - ‘Scanned with CamScanner