BehRd wo eon WLIO seactien cs Ne (Lh be: Cane) OY nF Soticl Ms @ = RT 5 mF ary ant otek the Seis Z (face 20 Eel - 0:0 59 5 7 ° Ecetl = 0-059 m lence utUbrum _Ptsta ve i; By Much charge tS _44 2 34 4 3e7 —> AL mole ALB 134 weg tres mole Fe Bx 96S500C = 2895S X 10SC. ek coe the ion 8 caster Mn CLeOnrENS umeN Le (5 On echode perentiosIndole $029) + 2H2OCD) +. ole ¢ de: 2H> (9) + 40H.» 4H 20 7) tren ce =— 40H Ta! + a 86! ia n an ever 2 “2 S/om- lu ctan ce inverse esistivt cet Conouuectan ecral cenchay chet vi & 2) > 18; sm! oe aot, 2k oar @ ? Spectiic Cencliotz yi = 100@x K 1000 x 2-4 x 1072 N O12 200 sem? kb He met m conce) ron lonssation saves sharply. There (ss e fon. He:= Ss “Vic cue to the iroseare in nderionic attracnont ot a veult of numberof yons pes unit volume ulith olilisteren she ae nk Gc atrachons become ren kek and I conductance increases | “tthe —£° veuues in ef elecrpdes af chwemiul =2 | | manganese (2=29) and. pen (2=26) axe: 3t/a24 = -0-uy un3t/Mn2* = +1sVv | fee*/pe2* = +08V Cn Hoe vasts of tre above wurmatren compose the. oa ibitces of |fusthor oudlahemn of torr +2 oudlation states. The _neductren _potentros cast Jox2t 1 negapive andl hence v@ Se able oS 1 conmet be reduced to aa yn3* funtt os orge positive value oncl un (a) ts (east OS tt con be easily seduwed te nC | £03? /e2" hoB email postkeve yotue and reCm) to more siebie thon | vn (i but lesg sige than (CI [Stevoru by of 82 pudotron stake ism yee orders cr2t Cre2t 2H20 W = 0, Cothode = rho IS _cos tr 208i te Ona 9 2 Bowm) Coabonote OSLO spot on es C.. le + 4Ht ls_ 2 Fer at, font Dexcatbe the elechechenucal h +O axoude, be. ss i Lower m ose (O + he- 0. ke o} en ve nu! + O20 Wd h CREMLNO th. vi YBCESS A corte Sous! eros b Berk tn the atmorpnanre. clue ounds Uke onde ¢ Keds, tre ce Wh oxy Fe (3) —> 9Fe2* +4e- ue, ot H+ (otissoctetecl "“— + 4+ — > pF e2t, P+ Io. + 2H, o>Fot2 Atmosphante 0% frewoua rene ction cs. in making the loccumrence of a nen ypontancous Seachon possrhle» Expla pn paving ont cuutteble example. Mon OCNOns Which ake en - IpeYAMeUr cen be yode tO | eceus. opentaneeusty Cf indy are cpiripleds inttr 2ackrent hawing lasger negative gree ZT Fos evaraples Dewomposy ten of Fe2O2 mre LOWS GoM cpenseneous reOChOn. Fea 030s) ==> wel) + 30202) AG = +4040 EF/mol The dfeomplsitrm can tabe plore tint AN Cots Ly cE COLbOn_ I & simul tynesus int 1M 20.0¢9) + 10209) ——> 206, A@e=SIG.4 kT/mol overafl yeactiom: 2FesC0a(s) + 6CO09) —> uF es) + 6C.02(9) Ae =S6-24), Since, @ A im the seols ction of wort =Ve tho earthen 8 geble And spentaneous. [eoupying: nén-spondareeur anol pontaneous 2actrens ave casing out _ sirnubtanesus 4] Kio would You expan tae chosp cneveate mm vho mola \woncuuctevitey of @ weak elevhrOute on elautron ? Wu) 1S the yron ol. aluminum _ On electrolysis , the H+ (ons cathode insieaol_on A>=e euowedl Qtbaline weeds medium miibits tha xubing of (xen, The _atkointty of tw solution mavens gee _awa rit lof. wt onda a result oxsohen reaction (xen convo proceed (fo —> rat) oes Wo. mn L pee or Zinc (§ mee reactve tran mon mn ouiuised. Tutt whon a inc (ayer peaks clown a eine wenkevae covitinues ho react anc get oxsou'sed.. Hence , the. 169 Ar object is protected. to. ie pLoiM) (Cu? Creu, ve tne concey : aah on of the elecpoly te IF jt tho anode (empaliment ic Mrreased pe fade ine mmcluets of elechrowysis “oblatned on dre cotnpde ond aungde in tho foljowine cases DA oitute soLution of 4,804 with platinum electrodes fin _agueour gouttron of Agno. Ecelt of cothode = 0:34 Ecell of Anodes - 0-46 E“celd = 0:34-(-0-46) = lv Df the eoncentwanon of tho elecholyte increase cl then, E= f° = 0:089 tog Ko nm cs Znfen +2 wotth Silver eleorooles. IN @ tho anode is = E°- 0-059 [po fou] om “B)e0: ty or} Ets ost 6 Ueariv |) the vate of emp wont Change,ae i node: H20+>H* +047 Cafnode: aut +2¢ => He yee a AQUZ—£ poole: 10 —? Ht + OHA Cotnecte : Agt +e? Aas -u2) KT (s(wy act vat c rit as v. outer lof own ec br Liy te he Comduierivity of a Solution at any gAveln. re ste con ni neu x C088 e seotren pynol ct folisce) [nonoeen fo platum edoonmdes ith unit asca of ono mele of elechoiye cept Mola beaneaCn vt Pa sSourtion at ait a _otven concentsatven | mn Vi moten two | eecchrodes with | asea of cys ect A and oustance of unt length. 19. B geves Ha at Wate A oliccocfatron of acetro aciol an en Or mo solution tho degyee of be colcusbated — gremn tts Fr an eguieout soutien At Angdle Hao possi (“req —> Calg) +e> Melos. comauach vt ye data? of Noch oxidation seotrren G2e= Eceut= |-36V 2H> O(s) — > 0209) + Ut £4e™ Eeegt = 123V, nue to overvolabage tro oudan™ react en of cg- is voietned ot _amnede. fo Cfo ub | = vent fast: Thorehave CL. fire_cottvoole Hse possible rductio action are= Not _+e=—> Nats) Evel = -2 71 Ht ¢e-—> Brot) Eceld- 0 00V thts obfetnool at the Konteouste, Lous 6h 9, € (odependont migra tron of toms. —____Ilstexes yok tunmtetng wela, tend ACI of an. erechrolute. + (aun be pep YeAONG G4 Hat cum _ of Ans ngviduglWS a Bas Won tre extemal | ps: ol ys eguok to tne cetd 9 OL volUe, wd yeactron stops and ne efechret euyrend wou ceo. vt WM thes Hi resistance ct msloX conductryi} wut of k= sme! @ unt C= mol/m3 32 1000 4/m3_x mole (3 Jem. 1000 (L/m8) xrwolodt by (moti) ECS x (0006 (cm Molo hy Crot som2/msLoc i A R=ip ae ( A G Resistance Gee kA Cas Le G speuigec conductwvity. pe Jpoele t TTA a Leontend = G* (outs iL aie RR RIK What CS mea re by Faxa.ciuy wonstort P me elect cassied by ene mole ot jogadXo's nunber of ete chron. Nar xte602) e109 5 6-021 x1075 molm! ix 60 :21x 19719 & = 96484 C fmol. 16 = 96u8F C/ual & 96500 C/mal. lomo o maya rot Gon be ULed in He codnodue preention of inn. dy tk nme Give A ese orive Yan iad zie cod con be used M tnt cotredic pmrecton of ison og st te tnost ond con get corily qucuiged. Thosehore th WS MUee OCNVE tron en and _pecbects Core prevents 7vou ROCERSLR OSLLOUK Tole ,02e So SI Kinet ok Lower voltages 2 AS NOt ke anol Gn ews potenhal has to be ed. This ol ued fo the ool t's cadled ever Henkel oF over voltage. Reachom oc: OF eed potent oUt Grei (ss SE = meu rh 01 ch _O: a elecrsoal clusing eleotrouyst _bu_o cusrent (S_ lproppshmal be the quantths of elecraverty. passeol through. | the electro by te nd Low-Tho ameund of oligfeient sUostanceS unerated 6 the some quantity of elecraicrhy a sserding. HIQUGAL the eleabrelyizc solution Xe. peoporhonal to thers cnemucak leouryote nt _wrerghts: Express the relatron amon cell constant, resistance og the sowkion in the cel ond conclucitrvity of the solutven. How is melo ponductvity of a eolutrer. related te conouucktivity 2 Refottm- Cuven Mm qnbusei= 22 Molad Cenoluchuity (nm). (6 veloted #0 Conciuehnutty CE) byt Aw evi Kx 1000. Kx 1000 motos ty M What [ype of a. battery 1s lead sto b 2 Guotte lanede anal rathede reactvons and the tee overall cele yeackhron. occusrna cn the operat og a (eacl storOge battery 7 C= a Leno storage, _1S ou Secondory bas testy whebe cell after. se can _b yechorged by pa. cng us yen dt though tm the oppostle _olr@otron 80 thot [t can be used ageun. anode: Pos) + SOu" (ag) —? M42 PpSOurs) + 20° tothe: PbO 2) + $Ou* (og) +# +yHt + 2e~ —> PhSOUG + 2490 erage cell yeactrens bs) + PbO2(s) + 2H, SOuCay) ——> 2PbSOU(s) + aoc Ow Chor r tg © Pb SOy(s)_ON onsde ond Comode is wnveried muro Pb and PbO SS asecDate J constant Q yest 32.|| express tho relatton a ea _tonaurnwity of Haag of the cotunent mn «ho cell » ag. veut en sardatedl + Ae How ic eo conduc tvity _o% we 3 coda vty ? Some 4 Ourswer-30- onstont potent 2 Cuive reabOn —dHexcuen cel Q Con ‘6 dusrng < p ot . i Ib) Tn thd evperimo tad na tte of. eoraly = conduvance direct cugient Coc) rs nt wed. 0) he cell potentral seman consount unig fey 4g OL tho overGlh reauten doer NOt iMyowe Ov ter OUTER WhOsSe cen cenbstdvern coun chowge Clusng chs fo) “Diveck Cuusent is wot Wied on too exper imanterd ARENA HON of SLEUROWITC “CANDUCKAMCe aX Ct chornge Hhe combination of h2 solutron. asad cf Dixect A obienote curyent £ SOURCE of power I ured qa