CLASS 9th

Mathematics

FORMULA
SHEET
 -.............

Number System
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Natural Numbers: called natural

All
counting numbers are
=>

numbers.
31,2,3,4 - - -
3

Whole
=> Numbers: Natural numbers along with a form
the collection of whole number.
40,1,2,3 ---3

④ Every natural number is whole number but every

whole number is notnatural number.
As O- whole number but not natural no.

The natural
Integers:
=>
numbers,
and zero
negative of
all natural numbers form the collection all integers.
of

S----3, -2,-1,0,1,2,3, ---

3

Rational Numbers: The numbers which

-

can be expressed
in the form a,
of where
panda are
integers and
970, are called rational numbers.

egi,
*
=
I E 5y =

=
= --- are called
rational
equivalent
nos.
 Writing
=> Rational numbers between two given numbers:
↳ Arational number between two rational number
se a and b is
at
ii)Then find rational numbers between a and ab
+

i.e.
taty) and so on...

Decimal expansion
=>

a rational number
of is either

terminating or non-terminating.
⑦Terminating and
are
non-terminating repeating
Rational numbers.
eg. 3.14
0.88888

3 Rational
- - -

1. I Numbers
0

Rat.
=

No. I Rat. No: Rational No.

Rat. No *Iur. Zurational No.

No:

jexcept when)
sat. no. O

Zur. No. Ivr. No. may be rat.

maybe iur.

sab 5a 15;
J 5
=> =
=
 (5a 55)(ja 15)
=> + -

(xa)- (55)2
=

a
= -
b

(a 55)(a 15)
=> + -
(a)2 ((5)2
=
-

-
ac b -

To rationalise denominator
the
=
the of we

this
multiply by where a and b are
integer

= Let ais a the real number. (a-0)

m and n are
- - -
integers -

---
am. -an --
-

i
n
am
+

(am" amn
=

an am
-n

!
-

(ab)*
↓----------
4b>03
am bm =

!
 - . . . . . . .

Polynomials
- . . . . . . . . .

=>
a
polynomial degree'n' is given by
General form of of

an Iqata,anto- - - -

where n is a the
integer and an, An-, ---, d, do are real no.

a, b, c-constants
-> + 1x +

c
- e x - variable

↳ terms L
In any
term,
a variable part
coefficient
x2
of

So, No. of terms in above polynomial -> 3

coefficient of n2= a

coefficient of 25 b
coefficient of 20 C

highest degree of
27
-

this is called
degree of polynomial.
CLASSIFICATION OF POLYNOMIALS
=>

--
On basis of On basis of
e

greeolynomia
"No. of terms"

-M
term Sterm DOP0 DOP= 1 DOP= 2 DOP 3
↳term
=
=

#
#
near Quadratic
↓

Binomial
N constant
Cubia
monomial trinomial Polynomial
 constant
=>
polynomial -
[1,2,3,4,5---I
↳not zr Jur
so, a
polynomial with
degree o is constant polynomial.
zero
=>
polynomial 90 0 xpositive integers

So, degree
-
not defined

=>
Remainder theorem: let pin)
than or equal to one
be
any polynomial
degree
of

and 'a' be any real no.

greater remainder
If f(x) is divided (x-a), then by is equal
to
p(a)
- Factor theorem: If plu) is a
polynomial ofdegree nx
and 'a' is any real number then,
i) (n- a) is a factor of p(u), ifp(a) 0
=

ii) p(a) 0, if (n- a) is a factor of p(n).

=

Algebraic Identities:
=>

-Y
- -
-

Tab252
- - -

I (a b)*
- =
a=b2 -2ab
I b2 (a b)(a b)
ac -
=
+ -

I
(x a)(x b) x2 (a b)x ab
= + +
+ + +

[a b = +
a2+b2 2 =2qb 2bc2a,+
+
+

1
=
 ---------
b)* a3 b 3ab(a b)

i
(a +
=
+ +
+

I
(a b)3 a3 b3
-
=
- -
3ab(a b) -

as b* (a b)(a2 b2
+
=
+ +
-
ab)
(at (a b)(a2b ab)
=
- + +

--- ---------------
b c)(a2 b2 c2 ab bc (a)
93 b3 c3-3abc (a = + + - -

i
+ + +
+ -

-it_ab +
0, then a+b3133ab
=
 - . . . . . . .

Lines and Angles

...........

line with
=>
two end points is called a line segment. g
A · B

partofa line with

=>
one endpoint is called Ray. 8
A 7

line
=>

segment is denoted by , like line

segment AB is denoted

by B.

If
=>
three or more pointslie on the same line, they are called
collinear points. in is ⑧

otherwise it is called non-collinear points.

=>

Angle is formed when two

rays originate from the same end
points.

7
Angle,
called and the end
=>
Rays making an
angle are arms of the
angle
points are called vertex of the
angle.
Acute
=>

angle 7

80 xx <982
i
ou >

less than 90 and more than 80

Right Angle
=>

900
y
=

Y
7
7

90° < 188

↑
Obtuse
Angle
=>

90 and
2

more than less than 188 -

7
 S

S 1800
StraightAngle
-> =

< 8
7

Reflex Angle
=> 188° ~<368°

un 7

Complementary
=

Angle T

is 90% 7a 60
angles whose
=

Two sum are

called complementaryangles. -b
In both cases - at hea
= Supplementaryangles
a 120° =

Two
angles whose sum is 188 are
a
-

called b
supplementaryangles
7b 60:
=

in both cases - a b 180

t
=

Adjacent Angles
=>

M
&

Two angles are adjacent ifthey have

and their
q7b
a common arm non-common
-

arms are on differentsides of common >

arm.
a b are adjacentangles

=> Linear Pair of

angles r

When ray stands line and form an

an
a on a

adjacentangle 180 is called linear

[
of sum

pair angles.
vertically opposite angles
=>
([Link]
When two lines

then the
intersect each other
opposite angle formed are
at a
point,
called V.O.A.
·Ella
*- always equal.
ab =

they are
c d
=
 lines
Intersecting
=> and
Non-intersecting
M 7
C >

intersectinglines non-intersecting" lines

⑭ the
-

lengths the
of common
perpendicular at different
points on these parallel lines are same. This equal
is called the distance between lines
lengths parallel
ImportantAxioms:
Axiom 1) Ifa stands on a line, then the two
sum of
adjacent
way
angles so formed is 1800
Axiom 2) Ifthe sum of two adjacentangles is 1800 then the

non-common arms of the

angles form a line.
Importanttheorems:
Theorem 1) Iftwo lines intersect each other, then the
vertically
opposite angles are equal.

Theorem 2) Lines which are parallel to the same line are

parallel to each other.

 - . . .

Triangles
. . . . . .

Two
=
figures said to be
are
congruent, if they have same

shape and size.

Two line
->

segments
are equal when their
lengths are

equal.
crcles radioare equal.
congruentwhen
-Two are

->
SAS
congruence rule: Two triangles are
congruent if
sides and the included
two
angle ofone triangle are
equal to the sides and the included
angles of other
triangles.
ASA
=>

conqurence congruent if two angles

rule: Two A are

and the included side of one triangle are equal to

the
angles and the included side of other
rule: Two D two
AAS
=>

congruence are
congruent if any
and
pairs of
angles one
pair of
corresponding sides
are equal.
SSS
=>
congruence urle: If three sides ofone I are equal
to the three sides ofanother A, then the two is
are

congruent.
rule:If in two
RHS
congruence right the hypotenuse
=>

and one side of one A are equal to the

hypotenuse
and side of other , then two are
one
congruent.
 Angles opposite
=>
to equal sides of an isosceles A are equal.

If AB A C =

then, LB=L
-

BY c
=The sides opposite to
equalangles of a B are
equal.
of (B LC
=

/
then, AB AC
-
=

D
B
I c

=> In a A, the
angle opposite
to
longer side is
larger

-
L

vice versa, the side opposite

=>
to larger angle is
larger.
sides 1 is
The sumofany
that there
=> two a
of
greater

AB Al> BC+

AB BC > AC
+

B + Al > AB
B
C
 - . . .

Heron’s Formula
-...........

The area A
of when its heightis given=Ixbasex height
↳but ifthere is no
height?
for example A
triangular park with
will
three sides
40m, 30m and 20m. How we calculate?

for that we use Heron's formula:

vi - ---

where a, b and care the sides the

of
triangle
and semiperimeter
is the
a
s i.e. =

for example: sides of A are a 40m

=

b 24m
=

c 32m
=

solution: 3 4+32
=

-
I S-
=
48m

Now, (48 40/m8m

E
5 a

3
=
- -
=

3 -

b (48 -24)m 24m

=

S-c 140-32)m 16m

=
=

asses
so Area park
-
of

you e
 -............

Coordinate Geometry
. . .

y
M
-
. . .

I
↑
- 5
# Quadrant Quadrant
I
.

e
(-,+) (+, +1
-
3

-
2

-
1
x-axis positive n-axis
x'
an
negative
11 11 I I I
-

>x
l I I
-
5 -
4 -
3 -2-1 -
L 2 3 4 5
--

--2

·
I Quadrant - -
3
I Qvadvant
( -, - - -

4 ( +, -

- -
5

↓ -

y'
Horizontal line is called n-axis.
·

·
vertical line called y-axis.
is
Pointof intersection of n-axis &y-anis is called origin.
·

·
Evadvant both the axes divide the plain in four equal
-

and each
parts is called quadrant.
part
·
coordinate (ordered pair) -

A coordinate is the mathematical expression for denoting

the value ofX-axis and y-axis and denoted by (x,y)
where value of his called as abcissa
and, value of is ordinate
y
 -...........

Linear Eqs. in 2 Var.

in two variablesaninfinitesolutions.
A
=>
linear equation
An
=

equationthe form ax+ by

of +c 0, where
=

a, b and c

are real numbers, such that a and b are both

not

zero, is called linear in 2 variables.

a
equation

Every
=>
point on the
graph a
of linear equation in 2
variables is a solution the linear
of equation.

And, every
=> solution of the linear equation is a
point
on the
graph of the linear equation.

Equation of y-axis
=> - x0 =

of n-axis
0
Equation y
=
-

is line
=> The graph aa a
parallel to
y-anis
=

The
graph y=b is a line parallel x-anis.
to