Real Analysis Short Notes

FACULTY OF SCIENCES
SYLLABUS FOR THE BATCH FROM

THE YEAR 2022 TO YEAR 2027
Programme Code: 2781
M. Sc. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (CBEGS)

(UNDER THE SCHEME OF HONOURS SCHOOL)
(Semester: I - X)
Examinations: 2022-27
GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY

AMRITSAR
Note: (i) Copy rights are reserved.
Nobody is allowed to print it in any form.
Defaulters will be prosecuted.
(ii) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time.
Please visit the University website time to time.
Course Outcome: This programme is most suitable for the students who want to make a career in the
diverse research areas of the subject related to Mathematical sciences. The main theme of this programme is to
train the students for developing a positive attitude towards mathematics as an interesting and a valuable
subject of study. During this programme, students acquire a good knowledge and better understanding of
various components of the mathematics subject which enable them to think critically and develop an innovative
solution of various problems of mathematics. After completing this programme, the students are capable of
qualifying the various competitive examinations such as in banking sector, in teaching profession, in research
institutions, in IT sector, etc. so that they can pursue their career in the respective fields.
2
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER SYSTEM)
SYLLABUS FOR THE BATCH FROM THE YEAR 2022 TO YEAR 2027
SCHEME
Semester-I
Contact Hrs. Marks Credits
Subject Code Subject L T P
(I) Core Course Theory and Practical
MTL-125 Calculus 4 0 0 100 4
MTL-126 Algebra 5 1 0 150 6
MTP-125 Calculus Laboratory 0 0 4 50 2
(II) Generic Elective and Practical (choose any two courses along with
corresponding Practical Courses)
PHL-148 Mechanics-I 3 0 0 75 3
CHL-191 Organic Chemistry 3 0 0 75 3
CSL-113 Programming Language-I 3 0 0 75 3
PHP-148 Mechanics Laboratory –I 0 0 2 25 1

CHP-191 Qualitative Organic Analysis 0 0 2 25 1
CSP-114 Programming Laboratory-I 0 0 2 25 1
(III) Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course
ENL-101 Communicative English-I 2 0 0 50 2
PBL121 : pMjwbI lwzmI -I OR 2 0 0 50 2
PBL122 : mu`FlI pMjwbI OR
*HSL101 : Punjab History & Culture

(1450-1716)
PSL-057 Human Rights & Constitutional Duties 2 0 0 50 2
(Mandatory Course)
Special Note:
1. ijhVy ividAwrQI Domicile/Non-Domicile of Punjab hn Aqy aunHW ny A~TvI/dsvIN jmwq q~k pMjwbI ivSw piVHAw
hY, auh ividAwrQI pMjwbI (lwzmI) pVHngy[
2. ijhVy ividAwrQI Non-Domicile of Punjab hn Aqy A~TvI/dsvIN jmwq q~k pMjwbI ivSw nhIN piVHAw hY, auh
mu~FlI pMjwbI jW pMjwb ihstrI AYNf klcr iv~coN koeI ie~k ivSw cux skdy hn[
3. ijhVy ividAwrQI Domicile of Punjab hn, pMqU iksy kwrx pMjwb qoN bwhr pVyHy hn Aqyy aunHW ny A~TvI/dsvIN jmwq
q~k pMjwbI ivSw nhIN piVHAw hY, auh mu~FlI pMjwbI dw hI ivSw pVHxgy[
4. ijhVy ividAwrQI Domicile of Punjab hn Aqy pMjwb dy kyNdrI ividAwilAw jW iksy hor skUl iv~c pVHy hn Aqy
iksy kwrx aunHW ny A~TvI/dsvIN jmwq q~k pMjwbI ivSw nhIN piVHAw hY, auh mu~FlI pMjwbI dw ivSw hI pVHxgy[
3
Semester-II

MTL-155 Real Analysis 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-156 Differential Equations 4 0 0 100 4
MTP-156 Differential Equations Laboratory 0 0 4 50 2
(II) Generic Elective and Practical (choose any two courses along with
PHL-168 Mechanics –II 3 0 0 75 3
CHL-192 Inorganic Chemistry 3 0 0 75 3
CSL-125 Object Oriented Programming C++ 3 0 0 75 3
PHP-168 Mechanics Laboratory –II 0 0 2 25 1

CHP-192 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory 0 0 2 25 1
CSP-122 Programming Laboratory-II 0 0 2 25 1
ENL-151 Communicative English-II 2 0 0 50 2
PBL131 : pMjwbI lwzmI - II OR 2 0 0 50 2
PBL132 : mu`FlI pMjwbI OR

*HSL102 : Punjab History & Culture (1717-1947)
SOA-101 Drug Abuse: Problem, Management 2 0 0 50 2

and Prevention (Mandatory Course)
Special Note:
1. ijhVy ividAwrQI Domicile/Non-Domicile of Punjab hn Aqy aunHW ny A~TvI/dsvIN jmwq q~k pMjwbI ivSw piVHAw
hY, auh ividAwrQI pMjwbI (lwzmI) pVHngy[
2. ijhVy ividAwrQI Non-Domicile of Punjab hn Aqy A~TvI/dsvIN jmwq q~k pMjwbI ivSw nhIN piVHAw hY, auh
mu~FlI pMjwbI jW pMjwb ihstrI AYNf klcr iv~coN koeI ie~k ivSw cux skdy hn[
3. ijhVy ividAwrQI Domicile of Punjab hn, pMqU iksy kwrx pMjwb qoN bwhr pVyHy hn Aqyy aunHW ny A~TvI/dsvIN jmwq
q~k pMjwbI ivSw nhIN piVHAw hY, auh mu~FlI pMjwbI dw hI ivSw pVHxgy[
4. ijhVy ividAwrQI Domicile of Punjab hn Aqy pMjwb dy kyNdrI ividAwilAw jW iksy hor skUl iv~c pVHy hn Aqy
iksy kwrx aunHW ny A~TvI/dsvIN jmwq q~k pMjwbI ivSw nhIN piVHAw hY, auh mu~FlI pMjwbI dw ivSw hI pVHxgy[
4
Semester-III

MTL-228 Theory of Real Functions 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-226 PDE and Systems of ODE 4 0 0 100 4
MTP-230 PDE & Systems of ODE Lab 0 0 4 50 2
MTL-227 Group Theory-I 5 1 0 150 6
(II) Generic Elective and Practical (choose any one courses along with
PHL-245 Modern Physics-I 3 0 0 75 3
CSL-217 Python Programming 3 0 0 75 3
PHP-245 Modern Physics Laboratory -I 0 0 2 25 1

CSP-217 Python Programming Laboratory 0 0 2 25 1

ESL-220 Environmental Studies 2 0 0 - 2
(Mandatory Course)
5
Semester-IV

MTL-255 Riemann Integration and Series of 5 1 0 150 6
Functions
MTL-256 Ring Theory and Linear Algebra-I 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-257 Numerical Methods 4 0 0 100 4
MTP-257 Numerical Methods Lab 0 0 4 50 2
(III) Generic Elective and Practical (choose any one courses along with corresponding
Practical Courses)
PHL-295 Modern Physics-II 3 0 0 75 3
CSL-227 R Programming 3 0 0 75 3
PHP-295 Modern Physics Laboratory-II 0 0 2 25 1

CSP-227 R Programming Laboratory 0 0 2 25 1
Total Credits 17 2 6 22
6
Semester-V
Marks Credits

MTL-329 Multivariate Calculus 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-326 Group Theory-II 5 1 0 150 6
(II) Discipline Specific Electives Course

MTL-327 Probability and Statistics 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-328 Number Theory 5 1 0 150 6
Semester-VI
Marks Credits

MTL-359 Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-356 Ring Theory and Linear Algebra-II 5 1 0 150 6
(III) Discipline Specific Electives Course
MTL-357 Theory of Equations 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-360 Differential Geometry 5 1 0 150 6
7
Semester-VII
Marks Credits

MTL-415 Topic in Analysis 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-416 Topics in Linear Algebra 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-417 Advanced Numerical Analysis 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-418 Statistical Inference 4 0 0 100 4
MTP-418 Statistical Inference Lab 0 0 4 50 2
Semester-VIII
Marks Credits

MTL-465 Field Extension and Galois Theory 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-466 Measure Theory 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-467 Analytical Number Theory 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-468 Financial Mathematics 5 1 0 150 6
8
Semester-IX
Subject Code Subject L T P Mar Credits
ks
MTL-515 Topology 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-516 Functional Analysis 5 1 0 150 6
(II) Elective/Optional Courses (Choose
any two courses)
MTL 521 Operations Research-I 5 1 0 150 6
MTL 522 Discrete Mathematics 5 1 0 150 6
MTL 523 Fluid Dynamics 5 1 0 150 6
MTL 524 Stochastic Process 5 1 0 150 6
MTL 525 Classical Mechanics and Calculus of 5 1 0 150 6
Variations
MTL 526 Commutative Algebra 5 1 0 150 6
MTL 527 Fourier Analysis 5 1 0 150 6
Semester-X
Subject Code Subject L T P Marks Credits
MTL-565 Algebraic Topology 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-566 Banach Algebra and Operator Theory 5 1 0 150 6
(II) Elective/Optional Courses (Choose
any two courses)
MTL-568 Topological Vector Spaces 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-569 Operations Research-II 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-570 Representation Theory of Finite 5 1 0 150 6
Groups
MTL-571 Theory of Integration 5 1 0 150 6
MTL-572 Theory of Sample Survey 5 1 0 150 6
After Completing the course, Student will get a Degree of M.Sc. (Hons. in Mathematics)
9
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-I)
Calculus
Time : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 100
Course No. L T P
MTL- 125 4 0 0
Mid Semester Marks : 20

End Semester Marks : 80
Mid Semester Examination: 20% weightage
End Semester Examination: 80% weightage
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus) are to be set, two in each of the four
Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are
required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. The fifth
question may be attempted from any Section.
Objective: To enable the student well acquainted with the basic working procedures of Calculus in
detail with emphasis on applications.
Section-A
Review of limit, continuity and differentiability of a function of real variable, Indeterminate forms.
Hyperbolic functions, higher order derivatives, Leibnitz theorem and applications to problems of
type ,
Section-B
Curves in plane: Graph of a function as a curve, concave upward and concave downward parts of a
planar curve, point of inflexion, cusp, horizontal and vertical asymptotes, asymptotes and dominant
terms, asymptotes of the algebraic curves represented by homogeneous equation in two variables.
Section-C
Review of antiderivative, reduction formulae, derivations and illustrations of reduction formulae of
type dx, dx, dx, , , Definite
integral using fundamental theorem of calculus,volumes by slicing, disks and washers’ methods,
volume by cylindrical shell. Parametrizing a curve, arc length of a parametric curve, surface of
revolution of a parametrized curve and its area.
Section-D
Triple product, Introduction to vector valued functions, operations with vector valued functions,
limit and continuity of vector functions, differentiation and integration of vector functions, tangent
and normal components of acceleration, modeling ballistics and planetary motions, Kepler’s second
law.
Books Recommended:
1. George B. Thomas and Ross L. Finney: Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 9th Edition, Addison
Wesley, 1998. (Scope as in Ch. 1-7, 9, 11)
2. H Anton, I. Bivens, and S. Davis. Calculus, 12th Ed. John Wiley and Sons(Asia) P. Ltd,
Singapore, 2002. (Scope as in Ch. 0-3,6, 10, 12)
3. R. Courant and F. John. Introduction to Calculus and Analysis (Vol. 1), Springer, 1999. (Scope
as in Ch.4)
Course Outcome: This course will enable the students to:

(i) Learn
(ii) Fg
(iii) Compute area of surface of revolution and the volume of solids by integrating over cross-
sectional areas.
10
ALGEBRA
Course No. L T P
MTL- 126 5 1 0

Section-A
Polar representation of complex numbers, roots of unity, De Moivre’s theorem for rational
indices and its applications, Equivalence relations, Functions, Composition of functions, Invertible
functions, One to one correspondence and cardinality of a set, Well-ordering property of positive
integers, Principles of Mathematical Induction.
Section-B
Division algorithm in integers, Divisibilty, g.c.d and l.c.m of pair of integers, Euclidean algorithm,
The Diophantine equation , primes and their infinitude, Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic, Congruence relations between integers, linear congruences, Criterions for divisibility of
integers by other integers, Chinese Remainder Theorem.
Section-C
Matrices, elementary operations and elementary matrices, Gaussian elimination, linear
independence and dependence of vectors in , rank of a matrix, the matrix equation ,
solution sets of linear systems, Determinants and their properties (with proofs), Cramer’s Rule.
Section-D
Introduction to linear transformations, matrix of a linear transformation, inverse of a matrix,
characterizations of invertible matrices, Eigen values and Eigen vectors , subspaces of ,
dimension of subspaces of , Characteristic polynomial of a matrix, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.
Books Recommended:
1. Titu Andreescu and Dorin Andrica, Complex Numbers from A to Z, Birkhauser, 2006.
2. Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with Graph
Theory, Ed. , Pearson Eductaion (Singapore) P. Ltd. Indian reprint, 2005.
3. David M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private
Ltd. , 2012.
4. David C. Lay, Linear Algebra and its Applications, Ed., Pearson Education Asia,
Indian reprint, 2007.
5. S.H. Friedberg, A.J.Insel and L.E.Spence, Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall, 2003.
(i) Employ De-Moivre’s theorem in a number of applications to solve numerical problems.
(ii) Learn about equivalent classes and cardinality of a set.
(iii) Use modular arithmetic and basic properties of congruences.
(iv) Recognize consistent and inconsistent systems of linear equations by the roe echelon form
of the augmented matrix.
(v) Find eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors of a square matrix.
11
Calculus Lab
Course No. L T P
MTP- 125 0 0 2
Maximum Marks 50
Objective: To prepare students to understand and practice notions of basic calculus with the help of
Computer.
Practical (Using any Software)

1. Plotting graphs of elementary functions: , , ,
, , and to illustrate the effect of a and b on the graph.
2. Plotting the graphs of the polynomial of degree 4 and 5, the derivative graph, the second
derivative graph and their comparison.
3. Sketching parametric curves: Trochoid, cycloid, epicycloid, hypocycloid.(Understanding
parametric equations: parametrizing a curve)
4. Approximating definite integral as a limit of sum, arc length of parametric curves
5. Obtaining surface of revolution of curves and its area.
6. Tracing of conics in cartesian and polar coordinates.
(Verification of techniques of sketching conics from theory: reflection properties of conics,
rotation of axes and second-degree equations, classification into conics using the
discriminant, polar equations of conics.)
7. Sketching ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets, elliptic cone, elliptic paraboloid,
hyperbolic paraboloid using cartesian coordinates.
8. Matrix operations (addition, multiplication, inverse, transpose), eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, applications to diagonalization of matrices
Books Recommended:
1. George B. Thomas and Ross L. Finney: Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 9th Edition, Addison
Wesley, 1998. (Scope as in Ch. 1-7, 9, 11)
2. H Anton, I. Bivens, and S. Davis. Calculus, 12th Ed. John Wiley and Sons(Asia) P. Ltd,
Singapore, 2002. (Scope as in Ch. 0-3,6, 10, 12)
3. R. Courant and F. John. Introduction to Calculus and Analysis (Vol. 1), Springer, 1999. (Scope
as in Ch.4)
12
MECHANICS-I
Course No. LTP

PHL-148 300
Objectives: The course covers the different co-ordinate systems and their relationship. It deals with
many aspects of physical world based upon the Newton's Laws of motion and gravitation,
conservation Laws of energy and momentum. It explains the scattering at the atomic level to the
motion of celestial objects.
SECTION-A
Inertial cartesian and spherical polar co-ordinate systems: area, volume, displacement, velocity and
acceleration in these systems, solid angles.
SECTION-B
Frames of reference, Galilean transformation, Galilean Invariance of space & time intervals;
Newton’s laws of motion; law of conservation of linear momentum & energy. Fictitious forces.
Effect of rotation of earth on ‘g’. Effects of centrifugal and Coriolis forces produced as a result of
earth’s rotation. Foucault’s pendulum and its equation of motion.
SECTION-C
Internal forces and momentum conservation. Centre of mass. Elastic collisions in laboratory and
center of mass systems; velocities, angles, energies in these systems and their relationships.
Conservation of angular momentum and examples-shape of the galaxy, angular momentum of solar
system. Torques due to internal forces, angular momentum about center of mass, elastic scattering
and impact parameter, Rutherford scattering.
SECTION-D
Concept of stationary universal frame of reference and ether, Michelson-Morley experiment,
postulate of special theory of relativity, Lorentz's transformations, relativity of simultaneity, length
contraction, time dilation relativistic addition of velocities, variation of mass with velocity and mass
energy equivalence.
13
Reference Books:
1. Berkeley Physics Course, Vol.-I (Mechanics) , 2nd Edition Charles Kittel, W. D. Knight, M.
A. Ruderman, C. A. Helmholtz and R. J. Moyer, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Fundamentals of Physics, D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, 6th Edition, Wiley India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.
3. Analytical Mechanics, S. K. Gupta, Modern Publishers.
4. An Introduction to Mechanics, Daniel Kleppner & Robert Kolenkow, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
5. The Feynman Lectures in Physics, R. P. Feynman, R. Leighton and M. Sands, Vol. I,
Mechanics, The New Millennium Edition, Basic books.
Course Outcome: May be taken from the concerned department

14
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Course No. LTP
CHL-191 300
Objectives: The objective of this course is to familiarize the students with the basic chemistry of
alkane, alkene, alkyne, carbonyl compounds and stereochemistry of organic compounds. The course
content will also provide basic knowledge of organic reaction mechanisms.
SECTION-A
Basics concepts of Organic Chemistry: Classification and Nomenclature of organic compounds.
Electronic Effects: Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation.
Reactive intermediates: carbocations, carbanions, free radicals. Representation of mechanistic steps
using arrow, formal charges. Electrophiles and Nucleophiles.Nucleophlicity and basicity.
Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition, Elimination and
Substitution reactions. Homolytic and Heterolytic bond cleavage with suitable examples. Relative
strengths of acids and bases, concept of pKa, effect of substituents and steric effects of substituents.
(11 Lectures)
SECTION-B
Chemistry offunctional groups–I:Selective methods of preparation: dehydration of alcohols,
dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides with complete mechanistic discussion. (E mechanism),
Saytzeff’s rule.Reactions: addition of hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s and anti-Markovnikov’s
addition), halogen addition to alkenes, epoxidation of alkenes. Acidity of acetylene, Birch
reduction, addition of hydrogen halides and water to alkynes, Diels-Alder reaction. Comparative
acidic strengths of alcohols and phenols, resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion, Electrophilic
aromatic substitution, acylation, carboxylation, Claisen rearrangement, Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
(12 Lectures)
SECTION-C
Chemistry of functional groups–II: Ethers and Epoxides: methods of their formation, Chemical
reactions- Cleavage and autoxidation, Zeisel’s method, Acids and base catalysed ring opening of
epoxide, Alkyl Halides, Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1, SN2) reactions, solvent effect,
substitution and elimination as competing reactions. Principles of nucleophilic addition to carbonyl
groups: Hydration, acetal formation, cyanohydrins formation; reactions with primary and secondary
amines, Witting reaction, mechanism of halogenations, acid and base catalysed enolization,
haloform reaction, aldol condensation, conjugate nucleophilic addition to unsaturated carbonyl
compounds.
(12 Lectures)
SECTION-D
Stereochemistry: Introduction, Conformations of ethane and butane. Interconversion of Wedge
Formula, Newmann, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Configuration: Geometrical and Optical
isomerism, Molecular chirality, optical activity, absolute and relative configuration, the Cahn-
IngoldPerlog R-S notional system, physical properties of enantiomers, naming stereo isometric
alkenes by the E/Z system.
(10 Lectures)
Reference Book:
1. R.T. Morison and R.N Boyd, Organic Chemistry.
Books for additional reading:
1. I.L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, Vol. I- IV ed.
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions Mechanism and Structure by J. March.
3. F.A. Carey, Organic Chemistry.
15
CSL-113: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE–I

Credits
LTP
300
Section–A
Introduction to Computer Programming, Program Development life cycle, algorithms, flow chart,
decision table & pseudo code.
Section–B
Introduction to C language, data types, Operators and Expression, Input/output Functions,
Structured programming elements, Control statements: Branching, Jumping, Looping Arrays.
Section–C
Pointers, Functions: Inbuilt Functions, User defined Functions, Recursion, Storage Classes in C,
dynamic memory management.
Section–D
Strings, Structure and union, Reference variables, basics of searching and sorting techniques, File
handling in C
Books Recommended:
1. R.S. Salaria: Applications Programming in C, Khanna Book Publishing Co. (P) Ltd., Delhi.
2. Byron Gotterfied: Programming in C, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., Delhi. 3.
Yashvant Kanetkar: Let Us C, BPB Publications, Delhi.

16
Mechanics Lab-I
Course No. LT P
PHP-148 001
Maximum Marks 25
Practical :-
1. To determine the value of acceleration due to gravity at a place with Kater's pendulum.
2. To find the moment of inertia of a flywheel.
3. To find the moment of inertia of an irregular body about an axis through its centre of gravity
with a torsion pendulum.
4. To find the value of surface tension of mercury by using Quink's method.
5. To determine the surface tension of water by noting its rise in a capillary tube.
6. To find the co-efficient of viscosity of water by noting its flow through a capillary tube of
uniform bore.
17
QUALITATIVE ORGANIC ANALYSIS

Course No. LTP
CHP-191 001
Maximum Marks 25
The preliminary examination of physical and chemical characteristics (Physical state,colour

andodour), elemental analysis (nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine,iodine), solubility tests
including acid-base reactions, classification tests involvingfunctional reactivity other than acid-base
test
The following categories of compounds should be analysed
-phenols, carboxylic acids
-carbonyl compounds- ketones and aldehydes
-aromatic amines
-amides
Books Recommended:
1. Practical Organic Chemistry by F.G. Mann and B.C. Saunders.

18
Programming Laboratory – I
Course No. LTP
CSP-114 001
Maximum Marks 25
Development of Computer Programs using C language for: Separation of odd and even numbers,
Summation of N Natural numbers; Generating Fibonacci series, Roots of quadratic and Cubic
equations; Evaluating various mathematical functions: exp(x), log(x), sin(x), cos(x) etc using
Taylor series expansion; Arranging numbers in ascending and descending orders; finding
maximum/minimum of numbers, for matrix operations; determinants, inverse of matrix,
elementary numerical methods and statistical methods.

19
COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH –I
Subject Code- ENL-101 Credits: 2-0-0

Total Marks-50

Instructions for the Paper Setters:-

Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus) are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D).
Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions,
selecting at least one question from each Section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section.
Prescribed Text books:

 The Written Word by Vandana R. Singh, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
 Making Connections: A Strategic Approach to Academic Reading by Kenneth J. Pakenham, Second
Edition.
Section–A
“Word List”, “Correct Usage of Commonly used words and Phrases” from the chapter “Vocabulary” given in
The Written Word by Vandana R. Singh.
Section–B
Letter- writing as prescribed in The Written Word by Vandana R. Singh.
Report writing as prescribed in The Written Word by Vandana R. Singh.
Section–C
Section 1 from Making Connections: A Strategic Approach to Academic Reading by Kenneth J. Pakenham,
Second Edition.
Section–D
Second Edition.
20
OBJECTIVES:
1. To improve the reading skills of students.

2. To make the students proficient in technical aspects of formal and informal
communication.
3. To achieve the excellence in lexicon and syntax of English language.
4. To enhance and upgrade their writing abilities.
OUTCOMES:
1. The students will be able to comprehend the reading passages at the end of
semester.
2. The students will show better assimilation in technical aspects of formal and
informal communication.
3. The students will demonstrate the ability of using lexicon in proper contexts.
4. The students would be able to potentiate their sociolinguistic competence.
21
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Mid Semester Marks - 20
End Semester Marks - 80
Mid Semester Examination - 20% weightage
End Semester Examination - 80% weightage
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22
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1H okfizdogkb f;zx pokV, gzikph eftsk dk fJfsjk;, gzikph nekdwh, fd`bh.
2H pqjwirdhF f;zx, nkX[fBe gzikph ekft f;XKs, fJfsjk; ns/ gqftoshnK, tkfo;
Fkj ckT[_v/FB, nzfwqs;o.
3H pbd/t f;zx Xkbhtkb, gzikph ejkDh dk fJfsjk;, gzikph nekdwh, fd`bh.
4H vkH ofwzdo e"o, gzikph ejkDh dk ;\o s/ Fk;sq Gkr-I, f;zx pqdo}, nzfwqs;o.
5H joehos f;zx s/ frnkBh bkb f;zx, ekbi gzikph ftnkeoD, gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh,
uzvhrVQ.
6H p{Nk f;zx pokV, gzikph ftnkeoB L f;XKs s/ ftjko, u/sBk gqekFB, b[fXnkDk.
7H fwzBh ;btkB, gzikph ftnkeoB L w[`Yb/ ;zebg, oth ;kfjs gqekFB, nzfwqs;o
8H gzikph GkFk p'X, e;s{oh bkb n?_v ;zB}, nzfwqs;o.
gkmeqw gfoDkw (Course Outcomes) :
fJj gouk gzikph ;kfjs ns/ GkFk Bkb ;zpzfXs j?. fJ; gou/ nXhB ftfdnkoEh gzikph GkFk d/ B/w
ftXkB dk p'X rqfjD eod/ jB ns/ fJ; p'X ;dek gzikph ;kfjs dh nwho d[BhnK Bkb ;KM ;Ekgs eoB
d/ ;woÈ j[zd/ jB. fJj gouk ftfdnkoEhnK dh F];h T[;koh ftu nfjw G{fwek ndk eodk j?. fJ; ~
gVQB T[gozs T[j wkBth r[DK ns/ ;dkukoe gfog/y s'_ j'oBK nB[Fk;BK ns/ toskfonK ~ tkuD dk j[Bo
jk;b eod/ jB.
23
PBL-122 : w[ZYbh gzikph - I

(In lieu of Compulsory Punjabi)
eo?fvN L 2

2H ftfdnkoEh B/ e[`b gzi gqFB eoB/ jB. jo Gkr ftu'_ fJe gqFB bk}wh j?. gzitK gqFB
fe;/ th Gkr ftu'_ ehsk ik ;edk j?.
4H g/go ;?`N eoB tkbk i/eo ukj/ sK gqFBK dh tzv n`r'_ t`X s'_ t`X uko T[g- gqFBK ftu eo
;edk j?.
sYkSn-ey
g?_sh n`yoh L n`yo eqw, wksqktK
(w[`Ybh ikD-gSkD) brkyo (fpzdh, fN`gh, n`Xe) L gSkD s/ tos'_
sYkSn-bI
gzikph Fpd pDso L w[`Ybh ikD-gSkD
;kXkoB Fpd, ;z:[es Fpd, fwFos Fpd
w{b Fpd, nr/so ns/ fgS/so
sYkSn-sI
F[`X nF[`X L fd`s/ g?oQ/ ftu'_ nF[`X FpdK ~ F[`X eoBk
;wkBkoEe s/ fto'XkoEe Fpd
sYkSn-fI
j\s/ d/ ;`s fdBK d/ BK, pkoQK wjhfBnK d/ BK, o[`sK d/ BK,
fJe s'_ ;" sè frDsh FpdK ftu
;jkfJe g[;seK
1H p{Nk f;zx pokV, gzikph ftnkeoB L f;XKs ns/ ftjko, u/sBk gqekFB, b[fXnkDk.
2H w[`Ybh gzikph, e;s{oh bkb n?_v ;zB}, r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh, nzfwqs;o.
3H fwzBh ;btkB, gzikph ftnkeoB L w[`Yb/ ;zebg, oth ;kfjs gqekFB, nzfwqs;o.

fJ; gou/ ~ gVQB T[gozs ftfdnkoEh gzikph GkFk pko/ p[fBnkdh$w[`Ybk frnkB jk;b eodk j?.
gzikph GkFk dh toDwkbk ns/ Fpd pDso d/ frnkB okjh_ fiÈ/ T[j fJe Bth_ GkFk ~ f;`yD dh w[jkos
jk;b eodk j?, T[È/ jh fJ; GkFk d/ frnkB Bkb fJ; ftu ou/ ;kfjs, ;wki, ;`fGnkuko nkfd pko/ v{zxh
ikDekoh jk;b eodk j?. ftfdnkoEh fJe sohe/ Bkb gzikph iB ihtB s/ w[`b-ftXkB Bkb ;KM gkT[_dk
j'fJnk nkgD/ GktK dk ;zuko eoB s/ d{finK ~ ;wMD d/ :'r pDdk j?.
24
HSL-101 : PUNJAB HISTORY & CULTURE (1450-1716)

(Special paper in lieu of Punjabi Compulsory)
Credits: 2-0-0
Mid Semester: 20 Marks
End Semester: 80 Marks
Mid Semester Examination: 20% Weightage
End Semester Examination: 80% Weightage
Instructions for the Paper Setters
SECTION-A
1. Land and the People.
2. Bhakti Movement
SECTION-B
3. Life and Teaching of Guru Nanak Dev.
4. Contribution of Guru Angad Dev, Guru Arjun Dev ,Guru Amar Das and Guru Ram Das.
SECTION-C
5. Guru Hargobind.
6. Martyrdom of Guru Teg Bahadur
SECTION-D
7. Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa.
8. Banda Singh Bahadur: Conquests and Execution.
Suggested Reading
1. Kirpal Singh(ed.), History and Culture of the Punjab, Part-ii, Punjabi University, Patiala.
1990.
2. Fauja Singh (ed.), History of Punjab, Vol, III Punjabi University, Patiala, 1987.
3. J.S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Cup, Cambridge, 1991.
4. Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Vol. I, OUP, New Delhi, 1990
Course Outcome: Student will learn basic of the history and geography of Punjab and its
impacts. Students will have knowledge about the origin and philosophy of the Sikh Faith.
Students will know the relations between the Sikh gurus and Mughal State and the sacrifices
made by the Sikh Gurus for the sake of religious freedom.
25
PSL-057 HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL DUTIES (Mandatory Course)

(Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course)
Credit: 2
Total Marks: 50
Mid Semester: 10 Marks
End Semester: 40 Marks
Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus) are to be set, two in each of the four Sections
(A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt
five questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. The fifth question may be attempted
from any Section.
SECTION – A
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RIGHTS
Foundational Aspects: Meaning, Nature, Characteristic, Classification.
International Framework: Constituents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
SECTION-B
INDIAN PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Constitutional Realisation in India: Fundamental Rights (Part III, Constitution of India).

Protective Mechanism in India: The composition, Powers and Functions of the National Human Rights
Commission of India (NHRC).
SECTION – C
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN DUTIES
Conceptual Perspective: Meaning, Nature & Characteristics of Human Duties.
Intellectual discourses: Classification of Human Duties; Relevance of Human Duties
SECTION – D
INDIAN PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN DUTIES
Constitutional Recognition in India: Fundamental Duties in Indian Constitution, Part IV A.
Intellectual Discourse: Critical Analysis and Significance of Fundamental Duties
Course Outcome:-
The course is designed as a compulsory subject for students of the university at the UG level. The
primary outline of the course is that it provides basic understanding to the students about the
conceptual frameworks of human rights. The course also provides the students knowledge about the
Indian framework of human rights. In addition to this, the course provides thorough understanding
about the nature, types of human duties. The course also introduces the students to the fundamental
duties incorporated in the Indian constitution
26
Readings List
1. United Nations. The United Nations and Human Rights 1945-1995. Geneva: United Nations Blue
Books Series, Vol. VII, 1996.
2. Sastry, S. N. Introduction to Human Rights and Duties. Pune: University of Pune Press, 2011.
3. Mertus, Julie. The United Nations and Human Rights-A Guide for a New Era. London: Routledge,
2009.
4. Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. New York: Cornell University
Press, 2013.
5. Hammarberg, Thomas. Taking Duties Seriously- Individual Duties in International Humanitarian
Law. Versoix: International Council on Human Policy, 1999.
6. Miller P. Frederic, et al. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties in
India. New York: VDM Publishing, 2009.
7. Cinganelli, Davis Louis. Human Rights- Theory and Measurements. London: Macmillan Press,
1988.
8. Ishay, M. R. The History of Human Rights. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2004.
9. Mohapatra, Arun Ray. National Human Rights Commission of India: Formation, Functioning and
Future Perspectives. New Delhi: Atlantic, 2004.
10. Deol, Satnam Singh. Human Rights in India-Theory and Practice. New Delhi: Serials
Publications, 2011.
27
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-II)
Real Analysis
Course No. LTP

MTL-155 510
Objective: This is the first course on rigorous treatment of the basic notions of real line and
developing theory of convergence of sequences and infinite series in real line.
Section-A
Review of sets and functions; Idea of countable sets, uncountable sets and uncountability of
R.Review of algebraic and order properties of , The real line, Intervals, -neighborhood of a point
in R, Bounded above sets;Bounded below sets, Bounded Sets, Unbounded sets, Suprema and
Infima, The Completeness Property of R, The Archimedean Property, Density of Rational (and
Irrational) numbers in R, Limit points, of a set, Isolated points, Illustrations of Bolzano-Weierstrass
theorem for sets.
Section-B
Sequences, Bounded sequence, Convergent sequence, Limit of a sequence. Limit Theorems,
Monotone Sequences, Monotone Convergence Theorem. Subsequences, Divergence Criteria,
Monotone Subsequence Theorem (statement only), Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem for Sequences.
Cauchy sequence, Cauchy’s Convergence Criterion.
Section-C
Infinite series, convergence and divergence of infinite series, Cauchy Criterion, Tests for
convergence (with rigorous proofs): Telescoping series, nth term test, Comparison test, Limit
Comparison test, Cauchy’s nth root test, D’Alembert’s Ratio Test, Cauchy Condensation Test,
Cauchy Integral Test, Applications to summing an infinite series.
Section-D
Dirichlet test, Kummer’s Test, Raabe’s Test, Bertrand Test, Gauss Test(all tests with rigorous
proofs), Alternating series, Leibniz test, Absolute and Conditional convergence, Re-arrangement of
series.
Books Recommended
1. R.G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons
(Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2011. (Scope as in Ch.1-3, 9)
2.S. R. Ghorpade and B. M. Limaye, A Course in Calculus and Real Analysis,Springer, (2006).
(Scope as in Ch.1-2, 9)
3.Brian S. Thomson, Andrew. M. Bruckner and Judith B. Bruckner, Elementary Real Analysis,
Prentice Hall, 2001. (Scope as in Ch.1-4)
28
Course Outcome: After studying this course the student will be able to:
(i) understand many properties of the real line ℝ, including completeness and Archimedean
properties.
(ii) learn to define sequences in terms of functions from ℕ to a subset of ℝ.
(iii) Recognize bounded, convergent, divergent, Cauchy and monotonic sequences and to
calculate their limit superior, limit inferior, and the limit of a bounded sequence.
(iv) apply the ratio, root, alternating series and limit comparison tests for convergence and
absolute convergence of an infinite series of real numbers.
29
Differential Equations
Course No. LTP

MTL-156 400
Section-A
Exact differential equations and integrating factors, separable equations and equations reducible to
this form, linear equation and Bernoulli equations, special integrating factors and transformations.
(Scope as in Chapter 2 of S.L. Ross)
Section-B
Differential equations and mathematical models. General, particular, explicit, implicit and singular
solutions of a differential equation. Orthogonal and oblique trajectories. Introduction to
compartmental model, exponential decay model, lake pollution model (case study of Lake Burley
Griffin), exponential growth of population, limited growth of population, drug assimilation into the
blood (case of a single cold pill) (Scope as in Chapters 1, 3 of S.L.Ross)
Section-C
General solution of homogeneous equation of second order, principle of superposition for
homogeneous equation, Wronskian: its properties and applications, Linear homogeneous and non-
homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, The Cauchy Euler Equations, Method of
variation of parameters, Reduction of order.
Section-D
Power Series solution about an ordinary point, solutions about singular points, The method of
Frobenius, Bessel equation and Bessel function and their reccurence relations.
Books Recommended:
1. Belinda Barnes and Glenn R. Fulford, Mathematical Modeling with Case Studies, A Differential
Equation Approach using Maple and Matlab, 2nd Ed., Taylor and Francis group, London and
New York, 2009.
2. C.H. Edwards and D.E. Penny, Differential Equations and Boundary Value problems Computing
and Modeling, Pearson Education India, 2005.
3. S.L. Ross, Differential Equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
4. Martha L Abell, James P Braselton, Differential Equations with MATHEMATICA, 3rd Ed.,
Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.
5. W. E. Boyce and R. C. Diprima, Elementary differential equations and boundary value problems.
Course Outcome: Students will learn about differential equations, exact differential equations,
mathematical models and various types of solutions of a differential equation, general solution of
homogeneous equation of second order, linear homogeneous and non- homogeneous equations with
constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, power series solution of differential
equations.
30
Differential Equations Lab
Course No. LTP

MTP-156 002
Maximum Marks 50
List of Practical (using any software)

1. Plotting of second order solution family of differential equation.
2. Plotting of third order solution family of differential equation.
3. Growth model (exponential case only).
4. Decay model (exponential case only).
5. Lake pollution model (with constant/seasonal flow and pollution concentration).
6. Case of single cold pill and a course of cold pills.
7. Limited growth of population (with and without harvesting).
8. Some other applications of the topics in the course.
Books Recommended:
1. Belinda Barnes and Glenn R. Fulford, Mathematical Modeling with Case Studies, A
Differential Equation Approach using Maple and Matlab, 2nd Ed., Taylor and Francis group,
London and New York, 2009.
2. C.H. Edwards and D.E. Penny, Differential Equations and Boundary Value problems
Computing and Modeling, Pearson Education India, 2005.
3. S.L. Ross, Differential Equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
4. Martha L Abell, James P Braselton, Differential Equations with MATHEMATICA, 3rd Ed.,
5. W. E. Boyce and R. C. Diprima, Elementary differential equations and boundary value
problems.
Course Outcome: Students will learn plotting of second and third order solution family of differential
equations, Growth model, Decay model, Lake pollution model, Case of single cold pill and a course
of cold pills, Limited growth of population with the help of MATLAB.
31
MECHANICS-II
Course No. LTP

PHL-168 300
Objectives: The course covers central forces alongwith the concept of phase space, microstates and
Boltzmann definition of entropy. Maxwell–Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac & Bose-Einstein distributions
and their applications.
SECTION-A
Forces in nature (qualitative). Central forces, Potential energy and force between a point mass and
spherical shell, a point mass and solid sphere, gravitational and electrostatic self energy. Two body
problem and concept of reduced mass. Motion of a body under central force; differential equation of
the orbit, equation of orbit in inverse-square force field. Kepler’s laws and their derivation.
SECTION-B
The statistical basis of thermodynamics: Probability and thermodynamic probability; principle
of equal a priori probabilities, probability distribution, its narrowing with increasing n,
average properties, fluctuations, micro and macrostates, accessible and inaccessible states.
SECTION-C
Phase space, division of phase space into cells, beta parameter and its identification with (kT)-1,
probability and entropy, Boltzmann’s entropy relation. Distinguishable and indistinguishable
particles, Maxwell -Boltzmann statistics, application of M-B statistics to monoatomic gas, principle
of equipartition of energy.
SECTION-D
Bose-Einstein statistics, deduction of Planck’s radiation law, derivation of Wien’s displacement law
and Stefan’s law. Fermi-Dirac statistics and its application to electron gas, comparison of three
types of statistics.
Books Recommended:
1. Berkeley Physics Course, Vol.-I (Mechanics) , 2nd Edition Charles Kittel, W. D. Knight, M. A.
Ruderman, C. A. Helmholtz and R. J. Moyer, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2. Fundamentals of Physics, D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, 6th Edition, Wiley India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.
3. Analytical Mechanics, S. K. Gupta, Modern Publishers.
4. Heat and Thermodynamics, Richard H. Dittman, Mark W Zemansky, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill.
32
CHL-192: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Course No. LTP

CHL-192 300
SECTION-A
Introduction, Werner’s coordination theory, naming of co-ordinate complexes. Co-ordination
numbers 1-12 and their stereo-chemistries. Factors affecting co-ordination number and stereo-
chemistry. Configurational Isomers, Conformational isomerism, VSPER theory, molecular orbital
theory applied to homo-nuclear diatomic molecules and hetero-nuclear Diatomic molecules.
Bonding in metal complexes, Valence bond theory for co-ordinate complexes, inner and outer
orbital complexes, Electro-neutrality and back bonding, limitations of V.B. theory.
SECTION-B
Stability of coordination compounds Introduction, Stability constant, stepwise stability constant,
overall stability constant. Factors affecting the stability of metal ion complexes with general
ligands, HSAB principle. Crystal field theory- Splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral,
cubic and square planar fields of ligands. Calculation of C.F.S.E. in high spin and low spin
octahedral and High spin tetrahedral complexes, factors affecting the 10 Dq Value. Structural
effects of crystal field splitting- Jahn-Teller distortion, variation of Ionic radii with increase in
atomic number. Thermodynamics effects of C.F. splitting, variation in lattice energies, Hydration
energies, Dissociation energies, Formation constants of hexammines. Site selection in spinels,
Paramagnetism, diamagnetism, ferro and anti ferromagnetism.
SECTION-C
Microstates and spectroscopic terms, a calculation of spectroscopic terms for d1 - d10 electronic
configurations, L S coupling, Hund’s rule for finding the ground state terms, Electronic spectral
properties of Ist transition series, Orgel Diagrams for d1 - d10 systems, for weak field octahedral
and tetrahedral complexes, limitations of C.F.T, Molecular Orbital Theory- Evidence for covalent
character in Bonding, MOEL diagram for octahedral and tetrahedral complexes involving and 
bonding,
SECTION-D
 -Acid Ligands definition Carbon monoxide complexes, bonding in linear MCO groups,
polynuclear metal carbonyls, vibrational spectra, carbonyl hydrides and halides. Metal-metal
bonding, metal-metal multiple bonding, isolable analogies, Structure of high nuclearity carbonyl
clusters, counting of electrons in carbonyl clusters.
Reference Books:
1. J.E. Huheey, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Ed.
2. F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.
3. B.E. Douglas and D.H. McDaniel, Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry.

33
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING C++

Course No. LTP

CSL-125 300
SECTION–A
Getting Started:
Introduction. A brief history of C++, Variable, Constant, Expression, Statements, Comments and
keywords of C++,
Operator: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Increment/Decrement, Conditional,
Precedence of Operators., Data type, Type conversion, library function.
Input/Output Statements: Inputting using cin and outputting using cout statements, Preprocessor
directives
Basic Program construction: A complete C++ program: invoking Turbo C++, naming your
program, using the editor, saving your program, compiling and linking, running the program
Errors: Compiler, linker and runtime.
Other IDE features: Compiling and linking, shortcut exiting from IDE, examining files, opening
an existing file, DOS shell.
SECTION–B
Decision Making and Looping statement
If statement, if.....else statement, nesting of if statement, switch statement, conditional operator
statement. While loop, do loop, for loop, nesting of loops, break and continue statement, go to
statement.
Arrays: Defining an array, array type, array elements, Accessing & initializing array, Programming
of C++ with array, String handling, array of strings
Functions What is a function? Declaring and defining function, Local, global variables, execution
of function, Passing argument to function, Return values, Reference arguments, Overloading
functions, Inline function and default parameter, Variable and storage classes.
34
SECTION–C
Object Oriented Programming
Objects & Classes, Constructor & Destructor
Operator Overloading: Overloading unary operators, Overloading binary operators, Data
conversion, Pitfalls operator overloading and conversion
Inheritance: Derived class and Base Class, Derived Class Constructors, Overriding member
functions, class hierarchies, Public & Private inheritance, Levels of inheritance
Polymorphism: Problems with single inheritance, Multiple inheritance.
SECTION–D
Structures:
A simple structure, specifying the structure, defining a structure variable Accessing Structure
member Other structure features, Structure within structure, Structure and classes, Arrays of
structure
Pointers: Addresses and pointers, Pointers and Arrays, Pointers and Functions, Pointers and
Strings, Pointer to objects, Pointer to pointers.
Files & Streams:
Overview of streams, String I/O, character I/O, Object I/O, I/O with multiple objects, File Pointers,
Disk I/O with member functions, Redirections, Error handling, Command– line Argument
Books Recommended:
1. C++ & Graphics by Vijay Mukhi’s
2. Turbo C++ by Robert Lafore
3. Mastering C++
4. C++ Programming language by Saucham’s outline series
35
Mechanics Lab-II
Course No. LT P
PHP-168 001
Maximum Marks 25
Practical :-
1. To determine the value of acceleration due to gravity at a place with Kater's pendulum.
2. To find the moment of inertia of a flywheel.
3. To find the moment of inertia of an irregular body about an axis through its centre of gravity
with a torsion pendulum.
4. To find the value of surface tension of mercury by using Quink's method.
5. To determine the surface tension of water by noting its rise in a capillary tube.
6. To find the co-efficient of viscosity of water by noting its flow through a capillary tube of
uniform bore.
36
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
Course No. LT P
CHP-192 001
Maximum Marks 25
1. Identification of cations and anions in a mixture which may contain four ions (cations and
anions)
2. Perform systematic group analyses to identify the cations in the mixture. Any cation from
Group I, Group II (Group IIA and IIB) Group IV, Group V and Group VI may be present.
Books Recommended:
1. Vogel's book on Inorganic Qualitative Analysis
37
Programming Lab-II
Course No. LTP

CSP-122 001
Maximum Marks 25
Development of Computer Programs using C++ language for: Finding factorial using recursion
Generating Fibonacci series using recursion, sorting /searching; finding maximum/minimum of
numbers, for matrix operations; determinants, inverse of matrix, solutions of system of linear
equations, elementary numerical methods and statistical methods. File handling using pointers.
Developing C++ programs using polymorphism and inheritance operator overloading.
38
ENL-151 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH-II

Credits: 2-0-0
Total Marks-50

Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five
questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. The fifth question may be attempted from any
Section.
Prescribed Text books:

 The Written Word by Vandana R. Singh, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
 Making Connections: A Strategic Approach to Academic Reading by Kenneth J. Pakenham, Second
Edition.
SECTION–A
Practical question on Note Making, Summarizing and Abstracting as given in The Written Word by Vandana
R. Singh
SECTION–B
Practical question on Paragraph writing as prescribed in The Written Word by Vandana R. Singh
SECTION–C
Theoretical questions based on ABC of Good Notes as prescribed in The Written Word by Vandana R. Singh.
Section C from Making Connections: A Strategic Approach to Academic Reading by Kenneth J. Pakenham,
Second Edition.
SECTION–D
Practical question on Essay writing from The Written Word by Vandana R. Singh
Second Edition.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To enhance the abstracting and summarizing skills of the students.

2. To develop LSRW skills by using traditional as well as multimedia teaching
techniques.
OUTCOMES:
1. The students will develop the ability of fast comprehension of long passages.
2. The students will also develop a coherence between multimedia tools and their
learning material.
39
PBL 131 : gzikph bk}wh - II

eo?fvN L 2

2H ftfdnkoEh B/ e[`b gzi gqFB eoB/ jB. jo Gkr ftu'_ fJe gqFB bk}wh j?.
gzitK gqFB fe;/ th Gkr ftu'_ ehsk ik ;edk j?.
4H g/go ;?`N eoB tkbk i/eo ukj/ sK gqFBK dh tzv n`r'_ t`X s'_ t`X uko T[g-gqFBK
ftu eo ;edk j?.
sYkSn-ey
1-4 fBpzX (fBpzX dk ;ko, tkose ebk ns/ F?bh)
II. gzikph Fpd pDso L Xks{$w{b, tX/so (nr/so, fgS/so, ftT[_sgs ns/ o[gKsoh),
;wk;.
sYkSn-bI
5-8 fBpzX (fBpzX dk ;ko, tkose ebk ns/ F?bh)
II. g?oQk ouBk L ebk; ftu 10 ftfFnK (;fGnkuko, Xkowe ns/ okiBhse) *s/ g?oQk
ouBk d/ nfGnk; eotkT[D/.
sYkSn-sI
1-4 o/yk fuso (BkfJe fpzp, ;ko)
II. w[jkto/ s/ nykD (nykD s/ w[jktok e'F ftu) 200 w[jktfonK ns/ 100 nykDK ~
tkeK ftu tosD d/ nfGnk; eotkT[D/ (ebk; ftu s/ xo bJh).
sYkSn-fI
5-8 o/yk fuso (BkfJe fpzp, ;ko)
II. Fpd Fq/DhnK L BKt, gVBKt, ftF/FD, fefonk, fefonk ftF/FD, ;zpzXe
40
;jkfJe g[;seK
1H ;fszdo f;zx, gzikph tkose dk fJfsjk;, gzikph nekdwh, fd`bh.
2H gq'H fgnkok f;zx, gzikph tkose L f;XKs fJfsjk; gqftoshnK, fBT{ p[è ezgBh, ibzXo.
3H fJzdogqhs f;zx Xkwh, gzikph o/yk fuso L o{g s/ gqekoi, oth ;kfjs gqekFB, nzfwqs;o.
4H pbpho f;zx fdb, gzikph fBpzX L ;o{g, f;`XKs ns/ ftek;, gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,
gfNnkbk.
5H joehos f;zx s/ frnkBh bkb f;zx, ekbi gzikph ftnkeoD, gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh,
uzvhrVQ.
6H vkH nwo e'wb (;zgkH), u'Dt/_ gzikph fBpzX (G{fwek), B?FBb p[è No`;N, fJzvhnk.
7H npBkF e"o, gzikph o/yk fu`so, gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk.
9H p{Nk f;zx pokV, gzikph ftnkeoB L f;XKs s/ ftjko, u/sBk gqekFB, b[fXnkDk.

fJ; gou/ ~ gVQB T[gozs ftfdnkoEh nkX[fBe gzikph ;kfjs d/ ftfGzB o{gK fit/_ eftsk,
ejkDh, fBpzX ns/ o/yk-fu`so pko/ tvw[`bk frnkB gqkgs eodk j?. nkX[fBe gzikph tkose d/ gqw[`y
o{gK fit/_ fBpzX ns/ o/yk-fu`so EkDh_ r[}o e/ T[j nkX[fBe GkFK, ;wki, ;fGnkuko nkfd pko/ ;zihdk
;wM rqfjD eodk j?. gzikph d/ ;ot'sw fBpzXK ~ gVQdk j'fJnk T[j ][d f;oiDkswe Fesh dk
XkoBh pD iKdk j?. gzikph o/yk-fu`so fiÈ/ T[;~ t`y-t`y F];hnsK pko/ frnkB fdzd/ jB, T[E/ T[j
fe;/ F];hns d/ t`y-t`y gfjb{nK ~ ftFb/fFs eoB d/ YzrK ~ ;wMdk j'fJnk ;zs[fbs F];hns
T[;koh d/ fB:wK ~ f;`ydk j?. fJ; gqfefonk d"okB T[j f;oiDkswe gqfsGk ~ jkf;b eoe/
wB[`ysktkdh }kthJ/ dk XkoBh pD iKdk j? ns/ nkgD/ ;wki-;fGnkuko d/ ftek; ftu nfjw :'rdkB
gkT[_dk j?.
41
PBL-132 : w[ZYbh gzikph - II

(In lieu of Compulsory Punjabi)
eo?fvN L 2

2H ftfdnkoEh B/ e[`b gzi gqFB eoB/ jB. jo Gkr ftu'_ fJe gqFB bk}wh j?. gzitK gqFB
fe;/ th Gkr ftu'_ ehsk ik ;edk j?.
3H jo/e gqFB d/ nze brwbr jB.
4H g/go ;?`N eoB tkbk i/eo ukj/ sK gqFBK dh tzv n`r'_ t`X s'_ t`X uko T[g-gqFBK ftu eo ;edk
j?.
sYkSn-ey
Fpd Fq/DhnK L gSkD ns/ tos'_
(BKt, gVBKt, ftF/FD, fefonk, fefonk ftF/FD)
sYkSn-bI
fB`s tos'_ dh gzikph Fpdktbh L pk}ko, tgko, foFs/-Bks/, y/sh ns/
j'o XzfdnK Bkb ;zpzXs
sYkSn-sI
gzikph tke-pDso
;kXkoB tke (gSkD ns/ tos'_)
;z:[es tke (gSkD ns/ tos'_)
fwFos tke (gSkD ns/ tos'_)
sYkSn-fI
g?oQk ouBk
;zy/g ouBk
;jkfJe g[;seK
1H p{Nk f;zx pokV, gzikph ftnkeoB L f;XKs ns/ ftjko, u/sBk gqekFB, b[fXnkDk.
2H w[`Ybh gzikph, e;s{oh bkb n?_v ;zB}, r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh, nzfwqs;o.
fJ; gou/ dk w{b ;zpzX ftfdnkoEh d/ nzdo gzikph GkFk d/ w[`Yb/ B/w-ftXkB ns/ ftfGzB
ftnkeoBe ;zebgK gqsh nzsofdqFNh g?dk eoB Bkb j?. fJ;d/ nzsors ftfdnkoEh gzikph GkFk dhnK
Fpd-Fq/DhnK s'_ ikD{ j[zd/ jB. fJ; T[gozs ;kXkoB ihtB Bkb ;zzpzXs Fpdktbh gqsh frnkB jk;b
eod/ jB. nrb/ gVkn #s/ T[j gzikph tke-pDso d/ B/w-ftXkB s'_ ikD{ j[zd/ jB ns/ nzs g?oQk
ouBk$;zy/g ouBk d/ B/wK ~ f;`yd/ j'J/ gzikph GkFk ~ F[`X o{g ftu p'bD s/ fbyD d/ :'r j[zd/
jB. fJ; gqeko fJ; gou/ okjh_ ftfdnkoEh gzikph GkFk dh Fpd fJekJh s'_ nkozG eofdnK tke
pDso d/ B/w-ftXkB se gj[zud/ jB. gzikph GkFk d/ T[go'es B/w-ftXkB dh ;'Mh nXhB T[j ;kXkoB
ihtB ftu gzikph GkFk dh tos'_ ns/ ;zuko eoB d/ ;woÈ j[zd/ jB.
42
HSL-102: PUNJAB HISTORY AND CULTURE (1717-1947)

(Special Paper in lieu of Punjabi compulsory)
Time: 3 hrs Credits: 2
Mid Semester Examination: 20% weightage (20 Marks)
End Semester Examination: 80% weightage (80 Marks)

SECTION-A
1. Sikh Struggle for Sovereignty.
2. Ranjit Singh : Conquests, Administration and the Anglo-Sikh Relations.
SECTION-B
3. Anglo-Sikh Wars and the Annexation.
4. The Punjab under the British: New Administration, Education and social Change.
SECTION-C
5. Economic Changes: Agricultural
6. Socio-Religious Reform Movements.
SECTION-D
7. Role of Punjab in the Freedom Struggle.
8. Fairs and Festivals.
Course Outcomes: The students will able to understand the Sikhs struggles for sovereignty in the 18th
Century Punjab. The students will understand the Maharaja Ranjit Singh Empire and his rule and
administration. Further, how the British annexed the Punjab and impact of their social, political
and economic policies on Punjab and Punjab role in freedom movement. This course enables
students to have knowledge about the various fairs and festivals of Punjab.
Suggested Reading
1. Kirpal Singh (ed.), History and Culture of the Punjab, Part-II, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1990.
2. Fauja Singh (ed.), History of Punjab, Vol, III, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1987.
3. J.S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Cup, Cambridge, 1991.
4. Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Vol. I, OUP, New Delhi, 1990
43
SOA : 101 - Drug Abuse: Problem, Management and Prevention (Mandatory Course)
Time: 3 Hours Credit 2-0-0
Total Marks-50
Mid term Semester: 10 Marks
End Term Semester: 40 Marks
Instructions for the Paper Setters:-

“Note: The course will be treated as qualifying course and the grades/credits will not be counted while
calculating SGPA/CGPA.”
Section – A
a) Meaning of Drug Abuse:
(i) Meaning, Nature and Extent of Drug Abuse in India and Punjab.
(ii) Consequences of Drug Abuse for:
Individual : Education, Employment, Income.
Family : Violence.
Society : Crime.
Nation : Law and Order problem.
Section – B
b) Management of Drug Abuse:
(i) Medical Management: Medication for treatment and to reduce withdrawal effects,
Rehabilitation.
(ii) Psychiatric Management: Counselling, Behavioural and Cognitive therapy.
(iii) Social Management: Group therapy and Environmental Intervention.
Section – C
a) Prevention of Drug abuse:
(i) Role of family: Parent child relationship, Family support and Supervision.
(ii) School: Counselling, Teacher as role-model. Parent-teacher-Health Professional Coordination.
Section –D
b) Controlling Drug Abuse:
(i) Media: Restraint on advertisements of drugs, advertisements on bad effects of drugs,
Educational and awareness program.
(ii) Legislation: NDPs act, Statutory warnings, Policing of Borders, Checking Supply/Smuggling
of Drugs.
COURSE OUTCOME:
 This course will help the students to have knowledge about Drug Abuse and its impact on
Individual, Family and Society at large.
 Further, the course will help students to know about the management and prevention of Drug
Abuse.
 The course aims to create awareness among the students about menace of Drug Abuse.
44
References:
1. Ahuja, Ram (2003), Social Problems in India, Rawat Publication, Jaipur.

2. Extent, Pattern and Trend of Drug Use in India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment,
Government of India, 2004.
3. Inciardi, J.A. 1981. The Drug Crime Connection. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
4. Jayachandran, J. (2020), The Media Coverage of Drugs and Alcohol in Punjab during COVID‐19
Pandemic. Asian Politics & Policy, 12: 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12537
5. Kapoor. T. (1985) Drug epidemic among Indian Youth, New Delhi: Mittal Pub.
6. Kessel, Neil and Henry Walton. 1982, Alcohalism. Harmond Worth: Penguin Books.
7. Modi, Ishwar and Modi, Shalini (1997) Drugs: Addiction and Prevention, Jaipur: Rawat Publication.
8. National Household Survey of Alcohol and Drug abuse. (2003) New Delhi, Clinical Epidemiological
Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 2004.
9. Ross Coomber and Others. 2013, Key Concept in Drugs and Society. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
10. Sain, Bhim 1991, Drug Addiction Alcoholism, Smoking obscenity New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
11. Sandhu, Ranvinder Singh, 2009, Drug Addiction in Punjab: A Sociological Study. Amritsar: Guru
Nanak Dev University.
12. Singh, Chandra Paul 2000. Alcohol and Dependence among Industrial Workers: Delhi: Shipra.
13. Sussman, S and Ames, S.L. (2008). Drug Abuse: Concepts, Prevention and Cessation, Cambridge
University Press.
14. Verma, P.S. 2017, “Punjab’s Drug Problem: Contours and Characterstics”, Economic and Political
Weekly, Vol. LII, No. 3, P.P. 40-43.
15. World Drug Report 2016, United Nations office of Drug and Crime.
16. World Drug Report 2017, United Nations office of Drug and Crime.
45
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-III)
Theory of Real Functions

Course No. L T P
MTL- 228 5 1 0
Objective: To prepare students to understand abstract concepts in real analysis.
Section-A
Limit of a function ( approach), , sequential criterion for limits, divergence criteria limit
theorems, Squeeze theorem,One-sided limits, Infinite limits and limits at infinity, Continuous
functions, sequential criterion for continuity, discontinuity criterion, Algebra of continuous
functions, Composition of continuous functions.
Scope as in [1] Sections 4.1 to.4.3, 5.1, 5.2.
Section – B
Continuous functions on an interval, Bolzano’s Intermediate Value Theorem, Preservation of
Intervals Theorem, Uniform Continuity, Non uniform Continuity Criteria, Uniform Continuity
Theorem Extreme Value Theorem.
Differentiability of a function at a point and in an interval, Carathéodory’s theorem,
Algebra of differentiable functions, Chain Rule,
Scope as in [1] Sections 5.3, 5.4.1 to 5.4.3, 6.1.
Section – C
Relative extrema, Interior Extremum Theorem, Rolle’s theorem, Mean Value Theorem and its
Applications to inequalities & approximation of polynomials, Darboux’s Theorem, Cauchy Mean
Value Theorem, L’Hospital’s Rules.
Scope as in [1] Sections 6.2 and [2] 5.1 to 5.13.
Section – D
Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s form of remainder, Taylor’s theorem with Cauchy’s form of
remainder, Convex functions, Application of Taylor’s theorem, Taylor’s series and Maclaurin’s
series expansions of exponential and trigonometric functions.
Scope as in [1] Sections 6.1 to 6.4.6 and [3] Chapter 6.
Books Recommended:
(Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.
2. W. Rudin. Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd edition. McGraw Hill, 1976.
3. T. M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, 2nd Edition, Narosa Publishing House, Reprint
2002.
4. S. R. Ghorpade and B.V. Limaye, A Course in Calculus and Real Analysis, Springer, 2006.
5. A. Mattuck, Introduction to Analysis, Prentice Hall, 1999.
6. K.A. Ross, Elementry Analysis: The theory of Calculus, Springer 2004.
46
Course Outcome: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to understand of
concept of limit, continuity and differentiation by ϵ-definition. The students will have knowledge of
the results and theorems on limit, continuity and differentiable, and able to apply these to solve
various problems. Acquired knowledge of Talyor’s and Maclaurin’s series expansions, and convex
functions.
47
PDE and Systems of ODE
(THEORY)
Course No. LT P
MTL- 226 4 0 0
Max. Marks : 100
Section - A
Ordinary differential equations in more than two variables-Surfaces and curves in three
dimensions, Simultaneous differential equations of first order and the first degree in three
variables, Methods of solutions of Orthogonal trajectories of a system of curves on
a surface. Pfaffian differential forms and equations, Solution of Pfaffian differential equations in
three variables. (I N Sneddon, Chapter 1, section 1.1-1.6)
Section - B
Partial differential equations of the first order-Partial differential equations, Origins of first
order partial differential equations, Cauchy’s problem for first order equations, linear equation of
first order, Integral surface passing through a given curve, Surfaces orthogonal to a given system
of surfaces, Non-linear partial differential equation of the first order, Cauchy method of
characteristics, Compatible system of first order equations, Charpit’s method, Special types of
first order equations, Solutions satisfying given conditions, Jacobi’s method, Applications of first
order equations. (I N Sneddon, Chapter 2)
Section - C
PDEs of second order-The origin of second order equations, Linea PDEs with constant
coefficients, separation of variables. Solution of Laplace equation, Heat equation and Wave
equation with separation of variables in two dimensions.(I N Sneddon, Chapter 3).
Section - D
Systems of linear differential equations, types of linear systems, differential operators, an
operator method for linear systems with constant coefficients, Basic Theory of linear systems in
normal form, homogeneous linear systems with constant coefficients: Two Equations in two
unknown functions. (S L Ross, Chapter 7, Section 7.1-7.4)
Books Recommended
1. I N Sneddon, Elements of Partial differential equations, Dover Publications, Inc. Newyork,
2006.
2. TynMyint-U and LokenathDebnath, Linear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and
Engineers, 4th edition, Springer, Indian reprint, 2006.
3. S.L. Ross, Differential equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
4. Martha L Abell, James P Braselton, Differential equations with MATHEMATICA, 3rd Ed.,
5. W E Boyce and R C Diprima, Elementary Differential Equations and boundary value
problems, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
48
Course Outcome: As a outcome of this course students will be able to mathematically formulate physical
problems as partial differential equations and then solve these equations so that the behaviour of the systems in
real life concerned can be studied.
49
PDE and System of ODE Lab

(Practical)
Course No. L T P
MTP- 230 0 0 2
Maximum Marks 50
List of Practical’s (using any software)
(i) Solution of Cauchy problem for first order PDE.

(ii) Finding and plotting the characteristics for
the first order PDE.
(iii) Plot the integral surfaces of a given first order PDE with initial data.
(iv) Solution of one dimensional heat equation.
(v) Solution of wave equation with associated conditions.
(vi) Solving system of ODEs.
Books Recommended
1. I N Sneddon, Elements of Partial differential equations, Dover Publications, Inc. New york,
2006.
2. Tyn Myint-U and Lokenath Debnath, Linear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and
Engineers, 4th edition, Springer, Indian reprint, 2006.
3. S.L. Ross, Differential equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
4. Martha L Abell, James P Braselton, Differential equations with MATHEMATICA, 3rd Ed.,
5. W E Boyce and R C Diprima, Elementary Differential Equations and boundary value
problems, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
Course Outcome: The knowledge of the computer software MATLAB will expedite the process of solving
the partial differential equations which are foundation of physical problems. The hands on practice will help to
analyse the behaviour of systems in real life. Like the movement of or flow electricity, to explain the
thermodynamic concepts etc
50
Group Theory-I
Course No. L T P
MTL- 227 5 1 0
Section-A
Symmetries of a square, Dihedral groups, definition and examples of groups including permutation
groups and quaternion groups (illustration through matrices), Matrix groups, elementary properties
of groups. Subgroups and examples of subgroups, centralizer, normalizer, center of a group, product
of two subgroups.
Section-B
Properties of cyclic groups, classification of subgroups of cyclic groups. Cycle notation for
permutations, properties of permutations, even and odd permutations, alternating group,
equivalence relations, properties of cosets, Lagrange’s theorem and consequences including
Fermat’s Little theorem.
Section-C
External direct product of a finite number of groups, normal subgroups, factor groups, Cauchy’s
theorem for finite abelian groups.
Section-D
Group homomorphisms, properties of homomorphisms, Cayley’s theorem, properties of
isomorphisms, First, Second and Third isomorphism theorems.
Books Recommended
1. John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
2. M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
3. Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing
House,NewDelhi, 1999.
4. Joseph J. Rotman, An Introduction to the Theory of Groups, 4th Ed., Springer Verlag, 1995.
5. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1975.
Course Outcome:
The course will enable the students to:
 Recognize the mathematical objects called groups.
 Explain the significance of the notions of cosets, normal subgroups, and quotient groups
 Learn about group homomorphism, isomorphism and their properties.
51
PHL-245: MODERN PHYSICS-I

Credit: 3-0-0
Objectives: To familiarize concepts of dual nature of matter, Nuclear physics and its applications in
daily life to interdisciplinary students.
Section-A
Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation: De Brogile’s hypothesis, electron diffraction experiments
of Davission and Germer, Wave group and particle velocities, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
principle of the electron microscope, Diffraction of X-rays from crystals, Planck’s quantum
hypothesis, Bragg’s law of determination of structure of simple crystals.
(11 Lectures)
Section-B
Radioisotopes and their Application: Radioactive decay laws, Uranium and Carbon dating,
introduction to α, β and γ decays, Radioisotopes, their production and separation, mass
spectrograph, uses of radioisotopes in medicine, agriculture and geology Radiation doses and their
units, Biological effects of radiation.
(11 Lectures)
Section-C
Detectors: Principle, construction and application of gas-filled detectors: Ionisation chamber,
proportional counter, GM counter, scintillator material, properties of ideal scintillator, Principle ,
construction, working and application scintillation counter.
(10 Lectures)
Section-D
Elementary Particles: Classification of elementary particles and their properties, conservation
laws. Antiparticles, Origin and general characterization of cosmic rays (Primary and Secondary)
hard and soft components, Primary cosmic Rays: extensive air showers, solar modulation of
primary cosmic rays, effect of earth's magnetic field on the cosmic ray trajectories. discovery of
muon, pion, heavy mesons and hyperons, mass and life time determination for muon and pion.
(12 Lectures)
Books Recommended:
1. Concepts of Modern Physics: A. Beiser.
2. Essentials of Modern Physics: V. Acota and C. L. Grown
3. Introduction to Elementary particle physics : D. Grifiths
4. Radiation Detection and Measurement: Glenn F. Knoll
52
Python Programming
Course No. LTP

CSL-217 300
SECTION A
Introduction to python and Setting up the Python development Environment, Basic syntax,
interactive shell, editing, saving, and running a script, Concept of data types, Declaring and using
Numeric data types: int, float, complex Lists and Tuples and their basic operations, Python console
Input / Output. Arithmetic operators and expressions, Conditions, Comparison operators, Logical
Operators, Is and In operators.
SECTION B
String Handling, Unicode strings, Strings Manipulation:- compare strings, concatenation of strings,
Slicing strings in python, converting strings to numbers and vice versa. Dictionaries Control
statements: if-else, Nested If-Else, Loops (for, while) Loop manipulation using pass, continue,
break and else
SECTION C
Built in function and modules in python, user defined functions, passing parameters, arguments and
return values; formal vs actual arguments, Lamda function in python, Recursion, organizing python
codes using functions, Programming using functions, modules and external packages
SECTION D
Files: manipulating files and directories, os and sys modules; text files: reading/writing text and
numbers from/to a file; creating and reading a formatted file (csv or tab separated) understanding
read functions, read(), readline() and readlines() Understanding write functions, write() and
writelines() Manipulating file pointer using seek. Introduction to graphics.
Books Recommended:
1. Learning Python by Mark Lutz, 5th edition
2. Python cookbook, by David Beazley , 3rd Edition
3. Python Essential Reference, by David Beazley , 4th edition
4. Python programming: An Introduction to computer science, by John Zelle, 2nd Edition.
5. Python in a Nutshell, by Alex Mortelli, 2nd Edition
53
Semester – III
PHP- 245: MODERN PHYSICS LAB –I
Credit: 0-0-1
Maximum Marks 25
1. To find the value of acceleration due to gravity using compound pendulum.

2. To find the value of 'g' (acceleration due to gravity) at a place with Kater's Pendulum.
3. To find the moment of Inertia of flywheel.
4. To determine Modulus of rigidity of copper by Maxwell's needle.
5. To find the Radius of gyration of objects of different geometrical shapes out of the same
mass by noting the time period of oscillation.
6. To determine Poisson's ratio for rubber.
7. To find the Angular acceleration of flywheel.
8. To find the moment of Inertia of an irregular body about an axis through its centre of gravity
with a Torsion Pendulum.
54
Python Programming LAB
Course No. LT P
CSP-217 001
Maximum Marks 25
Basic Mathematics Problems : Separation of odd and even numbers, Summation of N Natural
numbers; Generating Fibonacci series, Roots of quadratic and Cubic equations; Evaluating
various mathematical functions: exp(x), log(x), sin(x), cos(x) etc using Taylor series expansion;
Arranging numbers in ascending and descending orders; finding maximum/minimum of numbers,
for matrix operations; determinants, inverse of matrix, elementary numerical methods and
statistical methods.
55
ESL 220 Environmental Studies (Mandatory Course)
Time: 3 Hrs. Credits: 2-0-0
Exam Pattern: End Semester Examination- 75 marks

Project Report/Field Study- 25 marks [based on submitted report]
Total Marks- 100
Instructions for the Paper Setters:- 75 marks

Note (1) : As per the decision of the Academic Council meeting dated 17-01-2022,
Item : ‘X’, atleast one visit is compulsory for students in the Pushpa Gujral
Science City, Kapurthala during the entire course.
Note (2) : The course will be treated as qualifying course and the grades/credits will not be
counted while calculating SGPA/CGPA.
Project Report / Internal Assessment:
Field work – 25 marks [Field work equal to 5 lecture hours]

The candidate will submit a hand written field work report showing photographs, sketches,
observations, perspective of any topic related to Environment or Ecosystem. The exhaustive list for
project report/area of study are given just for reference:
1. Visit to a local area to document environmental assets: River / Forest/ Grassland / Hill /
Mountain / Water body / Pond / Lake / Solid Waste Disposal / Water Treatment Plant /
Wastewater Treatment Facility etc.
2. Visit to a local polluted site – Urban / Rural / Industrial / Agricultural
3. Study of common plants, insects, birds
4. Study of tree in your areas with their botanical names and soil types
5. Study of birds and their nesting habits
6. Study of local pond in terms of wastewater inflow and water quality
7. Study of industrial units in your area. Name of industry, type of industry, Size (Large,
Medium or small scale)
8. Study of common disease in the village and basic data from community health centre
9. Adopt any five young plants and photograph its growth
10. Analyze the Total dissolved solids of ground water samples in your area.
11. Study of Particulate Matter (PM2.5 or PM10) data from Sameer website. Download from Play
store.
12. Perspective on any field on Environmental Studies with secondary data taken from Central
Pollution Control Board, State Pollution Control Board, State Science & Technology Council
etc.
56
Section A
1. The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies
Definition, scope and importance, Need for public awareness
2. Natural Resources: Renewable and non-renewable resources:

Natural resources and associated problems.
(a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction,
mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people.
(b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts
over water, dams-benefits and problems.
(c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources, case studies.
(d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of
modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies.
(e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of
alternate energy sources, case studies.
(f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and
desertification.
 Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.
 Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
Section B
3. Ecosystems
 Concept of an ecosystem
 Structure and function of an ecosystem
 Producers, consumers and decomposers
 Energy flow in the ecosystem
 Ecological succession
 Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids
 Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem:
Forest ecosystem, Grassland ecosystem, Desert ecosystem, Aquatic ecosystems (ponds,
streams, lakes, rivers, ocean estuaries)
4. Biodiversity and its conservation

 Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity
 Biogeographical classification of India
 Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical aesthetic and option
values
 Biodiversity at global, national and local levels
 India as a mega-diversity nation
 Hot-spots of biodiversity
 Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man wildlife conflicts
 Endangered and endemic species of India
 Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity
57
Section C
5. Environnemental Pollution
Définition
 Causes, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine
pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear pollution
 Solid waste management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial
wastes.
 Role of an individual in prevention of pollution
 Pollution case studies
 Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides
6. Social Issues and the Environment

 From unsustainable to sustainable development
 Urban problems and related to energy
 Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management
 Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case studies.
 Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions
 Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and
holocaust. Case studies.
 Wasteland reclamation
 Consumerism and waste products
 Environmental Protection Act, 1986
 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
 Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1974
 Wildlife Protection Act
 Forest Conservation Act
 Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation
 Public awareness
Section D
7. Human Population and the Environment
 Population growth, variation among nations
 Population explosion – Family Welfare Programmes
 Environment and human health
 Human Rights
 Value Education
 HIV / AIDS
 Women and Child Welfare
 Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health
 Case Studies
58
Field Work
 Visit to a local area to document environmental assets river/forest/ grassland/ hill/ mountain
 Visit to a local polluted site – Urban / Rural / Industrial / Agricultural
 Study of common plants, insects, birds
 Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc
Field work comprises of 5 hours of field work / visit/ assignment to be submitted by each candidate
to the Teacher in-charge for evaluation latest by 1st week of before the commencement of theory
exam.
References:
1. Bharucha, E. 2005. Textbook of Environmental Studies, Universities Press, Hyderabad.
2. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi.
3. Heywood, V.H. &Waston, R.T. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment, Cambridge House,
Delhi.
4. Joseph, K. & Nagendran, R. 2004. Essentials of Environmental Studies, Pearson Education
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd., Delhi.
5. Kaushik, A. & Kaushik, C.P. 2004. Perspective in Environmental Studies, New Age
International (P) Ltd, New Delhi.
6. Rajagopalan, R. 2011. Environmental Studies from Crisis to Cure. Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
7. Sharma, J. P., Sharma. N.K. & Yadav, N.S. 2005. Comprehensive Environmental Studies,
Laxmi Publications, New Delhi.
8. Sharma, P. D. 2009. Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
9. State of India’s Environment 2018 by Centre for Sciences and Environment, New Delhi
10. Subramanian, V. 2002. A Text Book in Environmental Sciences, Narosa Publishing House,
New Delhi.
LEARNING OUTCOME
Course Name : Environmental Studies
Course Code : ESL220
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course, the students should be able to understand the scope and importance of
environmental studies, different natural resources (forests, minerals, energy, water, land, food,
biodiversity) and their utilization as well as conservation methods; importance of ecosystem
structure and function; different types of environmental pollution (air, water, soil, thermal, nuclear
and noise), Environmental Law and remedial methods. The students will also have to be introduced
to various Acts and Last but not least the students should be made aware of the consequences of
population explosion; diseases such as HIV/AIDS and various family welfare programs.
59
Learning Outcome:
 The present subject will help the student to gain knowledge about the effects of
environmental pollution and remediation.
 Visiting to a local polluted site (including urban / rural / industrial / agricultural) will help to
students to identify the causes, effects and remedial measures.
 After understanding the role of individual in conservation of environment, every individual
would be able to follow the sustainable lifestyle patterns.
 The knowledge on environmental protection Acts and Rules will give them valuable glance
on legal aspects towards conservation of environment.
60
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-IV)
Riemann Integration and Series of Functions

Course No. L T P
MTL- 255 5 1 0
Section - A
Riemann Integration: Inequalities of upper and lower sums, Riemann conditions of integrability,
Riemann sum and definition of Riemann integral through Riemann sums, Equivalence of two
definitions, Riemann integrability of piecewise and continuous monotone functions, Properties of
the Riemann integral, Intermediate Value Theorem for Integrals, Fundamental theorems of
Calculus.
Scope as in [1] Chapter 6 (Art. 32.1 to 32.9, 33.1, 33.2, 33.3, 33.4 to 33.8, 33.9, 34.1, 34.3)
Section –B
Improper Integrals, Tests for convergence of Improper integrals, Beta and Gamma functions.
Scope as in [4] Chapter 11 and [2] 8.17 to 8.20.
Section - C
Pointwise and Uniform convergence of sequence of functions, Cauchy criterion for uniform
convergence, Weierstrass M-Test, Uniform Convergence and continuity, Uniform convergence and
integration, Uniform convergence and differentiation, A continuous nowhere differentiable
function.
Scope as in [2] 7.1 to 7.12, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18.
Section - D
Power series, Radius of convergence, Cauchy-Hadamard Theorem, Differentiation and integration
of power series, Taylor series theorem, Abel’s theorem, Product of two series, Exponential,
Logarithmic and Trigonometric series.
Scope as in [2] 8.1 to 8.7.
Books Recommended
1. K.A. Ross, Elementary Analysis, The Theory of Calculus, Undergraduate Texts
in Mathematics, Springer (SIE), Indian reprint, 2004.
2. W. Rudin. Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd edition. McGraw Hill, 1976.
(Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.
4. S. C. Malik and Savita Arora, Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Edition, New Age International
Publishers, 2008.
5. Shanti Narayan, A Course of Mathematical Analysis, S. Chand and Company Ltd.1984.
6. Charles G. Denlinger, Elements of Real Analysis, Jones & Bartlett (Student Edition), 2011.
Course Outcome: Students will learn about Riemann Integration, properties of the Riemann integral,
improper Integrals, tests for convergence of Improper integrals, pointwise and uniform convergence
of sequence of functions, uniform convergence and continuity, uniform convergence and integration,
uniform convergence and differentiation, power series, product of two series, exponential, logarithmic
and trigonometric series.
61
Ring Theory and Linear Algebra-I

Course No. L T P
MTL- 256 5 1 0
Section-A
Definition and examples of rings, properties of rings, subrings, integral domains and fields,
characteristic of a ring, Ideal of a ring, ideal generated by a subset of a ring, factor rings, operation
on ideals.
Section-B
Prime and maximal ideals, Ring homomorphisms, properties of ring homomorphisms, Isomorphism
theorems I, II and III, field of quotients and Embedding theorems, polynomial rings over
commutative rings, division algorithm and consequences.
Section-C
Vector spaces over arbitrary fields, subspaces, algebra of subspaces, direct sums, direct summands,
quotient spaces, subspace generated by a subset, linear span, linear independence, basis and
dimension, dimension of subspaces, cardinalities of linearly independent and dependent sets in a
finite dimensional vector space.
Section-D
Linear transformations, null space, range space, rank and nullity of a linear transformation, matrix
representation of a linear transformation, algebra of linear transformations, Isomorphisms,
Isomorphism theorems, invertibility and isomorphisms, change of co-ordinate matrix.
Books Recommended:
2. S. Axler, Linear Algebra Done Right, 2nd Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1997.
3. S.H. Friedberg, A.J. Insel and L.E.Spence, Linear Algebra, 4th Ed., Prentice-Hall of India
4. J.A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,
1999.
5. P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R.Nagpal, Basic Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Cambridge
University Press, 2004.
Course Outcome:
Knowledge: The student has knowledge of fundamental properties of rings and Vector space,
and examples of such. In particular, the student is familiar with the key properties and examples of
ideal, field and Linear transformation.
2. Skills: The student is able to decide whether the given ideal is prime or maximal. The student is
able to find the basis, dimension and rank of a matrix and linear independence.
62
Numerical Methods
Course No. L T P
MTL- 257 4 0 0
Section-A
Errors: Relative Error, absolute Error, round off, truncation, convergence Transcendental and
polynomial Equations: Bisection Method, Newton’s Method, Secant Method, Rate of convergence
of these methods.
Section-B
System of linear algebraic equations: Gaussian Elimination, Gauss Jordan, Gauss Jacobi, Gauss-
Seidel Methods and their convergence analysis.
Section-C
Interpolation: Lagrange’s Method, Newton’s Methods, Finite Difference Operator, Gregory
Forward and backward difference interpolation.
Section-D
Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson 1/3 rd Rule, Simpson’s 3/8 th Rule, Composite
Trapezoidal Rule, Composite Simpson Rule Ordinary differential Equations: Euler’s Methods, Runge-
Kutta Methods of order two and four.
Book Recommended:
1. M.K. Jain, SRK Iyengar and RK Jain: Numerical methods for Scientific and Engineering
Computation, New age International (2007)
2. S.S. Sastry: Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India (2012)
3. Brian Bradie: A friendly introduction to Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education (2007).
Course Outcome:
1. The students will learn the various applications of mathematics using Theory of Equations.
2. It will equip the students in determining the relationship between the roots and the
coefficients, solutions of reciprocal, binomial equations and transformation of equations.
3. Students will be able to understand the concepts Descarte’s rule of signs, Euclid’s Algorithm
and Symmetric functions of the roots.
50
Numerical Methods Lab

Course No. L T P
MTP- 257 0 0 2
Maximum Marks 50
Practical (Using any Software)
List of Practicals (using any software)

(i) Calculate the sum 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 +----------- + 1/ N.
(ii) To find the absolute value of an integer.
(iii) Enter 100 integers into an array and sort them in an ascending order.
(iv) Bisection Method.
(v) Newton Raphson Method.
(vi) Secant Method.
(vii) Regulai Falsi Method.
(viii) LU decomposition Method.
(ix) Gauss-Jacobi Method.
(x) SOR Method or Gauss-Siedel Method.
(xi) Lagrange Interpolation or Newton Interpolation.
(xii) Simpson’s rule.
Note: For any of the CAS (Computer aided software) Data types-simple data types, floating data
types, character data types, arithmetic operators and operator precedence, variables and constant
declarations, expressions, input/output, relational operators, logical operators and logical
expressions, control statements and loop statements, Arrays should be introduced to the students.
Books Recommended
1. Brian Bradie, A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, India, 2007.
2. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering
Computation, 6th Ed., New age International Publisher, India, 2007.
3. C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, India, 2008.
4. Uri M. Ascher and Chen Greif, A First Course in Numerical Methods, 7th Ed., PHI Learning
Private Limited, 2013.
5. John H. Mathews and Kurtis D. Fink, Numerical Methods using Matlab, 4th Ed., PHI
Learning Private Limited, 2012.
51
PHL295: Modern Physics–II

Credit: 3-0-0
Objectives: To teach the semiconductor physics, relativistic phenomenon to explore real life
application.
Section-A
Basics of Relativity: Newtonian relativity. Instances of its failure in electromagnetism, ether-drag
hypothesis and Fizeau’s experiment. Michelson-Morley experiment, Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction,
Einstein’s basic postulates of relativity and geometric derivation of Lorentz transformation,
Invariance of Maxwell’s equations, length contraction, relativity of simultaneity, synchronization
and time dilation. Twin paradox and its resolution, Einstein’s velocity addition rule, transformation
of acceleration, The Doppler effect of relativity, Relativistic variation of mass.
(12 Lectures)
Section-B
Lasers: Laser principle and action, stimulated absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated
emission, Einstein theory of radiation, population inversion, Laser types, He-Ne Laser, Ruby Laser,
Co2 lasers, Semiconductor Laser. Applications of Lasers in medicine and chemistry.
(11 Lectures)
Section-C
Semiconductors: Intrinsic/Extrinsic semiconductor, Fermi level, Charge carries in semiconductors,
PN junctions, depletion region, current components in pn junction, Characteristic of pn junction
diode, pn junction as rectifier, characteristics and applications of Zener diode, Photodiode, LED and
photocells
(12 Lectures)
Section-C
Logic Gates: Number system, Decimal, binary, Octal, hexadecimal, logic gates, AND, OR, NOT,
NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR, Karnaugh map techniques. Boolean algebra,Demorgan’s
theorems
(10 Lectures)
Books Recommended:
1. Optics by A.K.Ghatak.
2. Optical Electronics – A.K.Ghatak&R.Thyagrajan.
3. Modern Physics – J.Bernetein, Paul M.Fishbane and Stephen Gasiorowic.
4. Interated Electronics Millman&Halkias.
52
R Programming
Course No. LTP

CSL-227 300
Objectives: The objective of the course is to provide practical introduction to the R programming
language. The student will be trained to handle R environment, importing external data,
manipulating data for specific needs and R code for solving mathematical problems using basic
numerical techniques and simulation techniques.
Section A
Downloading and installation of R and RStudio. Introducing to R, and Rstudio. Help functions in
R, Vectors, Common Vector Operations, Using all and any function, subletting of vector. Creating
matrices, Matrix operations, Applying Functions to Matrix Rows and Columns, Adding and
deleting rows and columns , lists, Creating lists, general list operations, Accessing list components
and values, applying functions to lists, recursive lists.
Section B
Creating Data Frames – Matrix-like operations in frames , Merging Data Frames, Applying
functions to Data frames, Factors and Tables , factors and levels , Common functions used
with factors Control statements: Loops, looping Over Nonvector Sets, if-else , writing user defined
function, scope of the variable, R script file.
Section C
Input/ Ouput: scan () , readline () Function, recursion, replacement functions, Printing to the Screen
Reading and writing CSV and text file. Math functions, function for statistical distributions, linear
algebra operations on vector and matrices, Basic of simulation, simulation programming in R: Built
random variable generator, object –oriented programming: S3 generic functions, writing S3 and S4
Classes.
Section D
String manipulation, Graphics in R: Graph Syntax (title, xlabel, ylabel, pch, lty, col.), Simple
graphics (Bar, Multiple Bar, Histogram, Pie, Box-Plot, Scatter plot, qqplot), Low-level and High-
Level plot functions, par() command to generate multiple plots. Customizing graphs, saving graph
to file, performance enhancement: speed and memory, functional programming and memory issue,
Debugging.
53
Books Recommended:
1. Dennis, B. (2013): The R Student Companion, Taylor & Francis Group.
2. Matloff, N. (2011): The Art of R Programming: A Tour of Statistical Software Design,
3. William. Lander, J. P. (2014): R for Everyone: Advanced Analytics and Graphics, Addison-
Wesley Data & Analytics Series.

54
PHP-295 : MODERN PHYSICS LAB-II
Credit: 0-0-1
Maximum Marks 25
1. To determine e/m by short solenoid method.
2. To determine e/m by long solenoid method.
3. To determine e/m by magnetron value.
4. To determine Ionisation potential of Hg.
5. To find planck's constant using photo cell.
6. To determine electronic charge by Millikan's Oil Drop Apparatus

55
R Programming (Lab)
Course No. LTP

CSP-227 001
Maximum Marks 25
Evaluating mathematical functions: exp(x), log(x), sin(x), cos(x), etc using Taylor series
expansion; sorting, searching, maximum, minimum of numbers, Simulation: find integration, mean,
variance of statistic based on a sample drawn from various distribution, p-values; graphs of
functions; file handling; statistical analysis: graphical representation of data frequency distribution,
correlations linear regression
56
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-V)
Multivariate Calculus
Course No. L T P
MTL- 329 5 1 0
Use of Scientific Calculator is allowed
Section-A
Functions of several variables, limit and continuity of functions of two variables Partial
differentiation, total differentiability, sufficient condition for differentiability. Chain rule for one
and two independent parameters, directional derivatives, the gradient, maximal and normal property
of the gradient, tangent planes, Extrema of functions of two variables, method of Lagrange
multipliers, constrained optimization problems, Definition of vector field, divergence and curl.
Section-B
Double integration over rectangular region, double integration over non-rectangular region, Double
integrals in polar co-ordinates, Triple integrals, Triple integral over a parallelepiped and solid
regions. Volume by triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical co-ordinates.
Section-C
Change of variables in double integrals and triple integrals. Line integrals, Applications of line
integrals: Mass and Work. Fundamental theorem for line integrals, conservative vector fields,
independence of path.
Section-D
Green’s theorem, surface integrals, integrals over parametrically defined surfaces. Stoke’s theorem,
The Divergence theorem.
Books Recommended
1. G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus, 9th Ed., Pearson Education, Delhi, 2005.
2. M.J. Strauss, G.L. Bradley and K. J. Smith, Calculus, 3rd Ed., Dorling Kindersley (India)
Pvt.Ltd. (Pearson Education), Delhi, 2007.
3. E. Marsden, A.J. Tromba and A. Weinstein, Basic Multivariable Calculus, Springer (SIE),
Indian reprint, 2005.
4. James Stewart, Multivariable Calculus, Concepts and Contexts, 2nd Ed., Brooks /Cole,
Thomson Learning, USA, 2001.
Course Outcome: The students will learn the topic of limit, continuity, differentiability, partial
differentiation of multivariate functions and learn the methods for finding the extreme values of
functions of two variables. Further, they will learn to solve line integrals, double integrals and triple
integrals. They will also acquire the knowledge of vector field, gradient, divergence, curl, Green’s
theorem, Stoke’s theorem and Divergence theorem.
57
Group Theory-II
Course No. L T P
MTL- 326 5 1 0
Objective: This course is in continuation of the earlier course on Group Theory I. In this course,
tool of Group actions will be developed for applications. The finite symmetric groups will be
studied. One of the main objectives would be the Classification of finite abelian groups.
Section-A
Group actions, stabilizers and kernels, orbit stabilizer theorem, permutation representation
associated with a given group action, Applications of group actions: Generalized Cayley’s theorem,
Index theorem.
Section-B
Groups acting on themselves by conjugation, class equation and consequences, conjugacy in Sn, p-
groups, Sylow’s theorems and consequences, Cauchy’s theorem, Simplicity of A n for n ≥ 5, non-
simplicity tests.
Section-C
Automorphism, inner automorphism, automorphism groups, automorphism groups of finite and
infinite cyclic groups, Automorphisms of Sn(n≥3) , applications of factor groups to automorphism
groups, Characteristic subgroups, Commutator subgroup and its properties.
Section-D
Properties of external direct products, the group of units modulo n as an external direct product,
internal direct products, Fundamental Theorem of finite abelian groups, Semidirect product and
recognition theorems.
Books Recommended
3. Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi, 1999.
4. Joseph J. Rotman, An Introduction to the Theory of Groups, 4th Ed., Springer Verlag, 1995.
5. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1975.
58
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Course No. L T P
MTL- 327 5 1 0
Objective :To introduce the fundamentals of probability theory, random variables, various named
probability distributions and illustrate these concepts with applications to various real life problems.
After completion of the course, students will be able model the various real life situations of
uncertainty with probabilistic models and consequently evaluating their characteristics
Section-A
Sample Space, Probability axioms, real random variables (discrete and continuous), Probability
mass/density functions, cumulative distribution function, Mathematical expectation, moments,
moment generating function, characteristic function.
Section-B
Discrete Probability distributions: Uniform, Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, negative binomial,
Hyper geometric . Continuous Probability Distributions: Uniform, normal, exponential, gamma,
beta.
Section-C
Two dimensional random variable, joint probability mass/density function, joint commulative,
distribution function, marginal and conditional probability distribution, expectation of function of
two random variables, conditional expectations, independent random variables.
Section-D
Bi-variate normal distribution, correlation co-efficient, covariance, linear regression for two
variables, convergence Chebyshev’s inequality, central limit theorem for independent & identically
distributed random variables.
Books Recommended
1. R.V. Hogg, J.W. Mckeam & A.T. Craig: Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Pearson
Education, Asia (2007).
2. I. Miller, M. Miller and John E. Freund: Mathematical Statistics with applications, Pearson
Education, Asia (2006).
3. Sheldon Ross: Introduction to Probability modules, Academic Press (2007).
Course Outcome:
59
Number Theory
Course No. L T P
MTL- 328 5 1 0
Section-A
Basic properties of congruences, binary and decimal representations of integers, linear congruences,
simultaneous linear congruences, complete and reduced set of residues, Fermat’s Little theorem,
Wilson’s theorem, The Fermat factorization method.
Section-B
Number theoretic functions, number of divisors and sum of divisors of a natural number,
multiplicative functions, totally multiplicative functions, definition and properties of the Dirichlet
product, the Möbius function, the Möbius Inversion formula, the greatest integer function, Euler’s phi-
function and its properties, Euler’s theorem.
Section-C
Order of an integer modulo n, primitive roots for primes, composite numbers having primitive
roots, quadratic residues modulo primes, Euler’s criterion, the Legendre symbol and its properties,
quadratic reciprocity, quadratic congruences with composite moduli.
Section-D
Chararacterization of natural numbers representable as sum of two squares, representation of
numbers as sum of four squares, the Diophantine equations:
, continued fractions, Pell’s equation.
Books Recommended:
1. David M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, 6th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill, Indian reprint,
2007.
2. Neville Robins, Beginning Number Theory, 2nd Ed., Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
Delhi, 2007.
Course Outcome:
60
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-VI)
METRIC SPACES AND COMPLEX ANALYSIS
Course No. L T P
MTL- 359 5 1 0
Section-A
Metric Space: Definition and examples, sequences in metric spaces, cauchy sequences, complete
metric spaces, open and closed balls, neighbourhood, open set, interior of a set, limit point of a set,
closed set, diameter of a set, cantor’s theorem, subspaces, dense sets, separable spaces.
Section-B
Continuous mappings, sequential criterion and other characterization of continuity, uniform
continuity, homeomorphism, contraction mappings, Banach fixed point theorem, connectedness,
connected subsets of R.
Section-C
Function of complex variable, limit, continuity and differentiability, analytic function, harmonic
function, Cauchy-Riemann equations (Cartesian and polar form), construction of analytic function.
Section-D
Complex line integral, Cauchy theorem, Cauchy’s integral Formula and its generalized form, power
series and its circle of convergence, Taylors theorem, Laurents theorem, zeros and singularities of
an analytic function, point at infinity, Residue at a pole and at infinity, Cauchy’s residue theorem.
Books Recommended:-
1. Satish Shirali and Harikishan L. Vasudeva: Metric Spaces, Springer Verlag, (2006)
2. S. Kumaresan: Topology of Metric spaces, Narosa Publishing House (2011).
3. J.W. Brown and R.V. Churchill: Complex Variables and applications, McGraw-Hill
International (2009)
4. D.T. Ahlfors: Complex Analysis
5. Joseph Bak and D.J. Newman: Complex Analysis, Springer-Verlag (1997)
Course Outcome: As a outcome of this course students will know the central importance of complex
variables in analysis. They will have grasped a deeper understanding of differentiation and integration in this
setting and will know the tools and results of complex analysis including Cauchy's Theorem, Cauchy's integral
formula, Liouville's Theorem, Laurent's expansion and the theory of residues.
61
Ring Theory and Linear Algebra-II

Course No. L T P
MTL- 356 5 1 0
Section-A
Principal ideal domains (PIDs), Factorization and divisibility in integral domains, irreducible and
prime elements and their relationship, Unique factorization domains (UFDs), Euclidean domains,
relationships between PIDs, UFDs and Euclidean domains, ring of Gaussian integers.
Section-B
Primitive polynomials, Gauss Lemma, Eisenstein’s irreducibility criterion, Factorization of
polynomials in one variable over a field, Unique factorization in polynomial ring over a UFD.
Section-C
Characteristic polynomial and minimal polynomial of a finite dimensional linear operator, Eigen
spaces of a linear operator, invariant subspaces of a linear operator, conditions for diagonalizability
of a linear operator on a finite dimensional vector space, dual spaces, dual basis, double dual,
annihilators.
Section-D
Inner product spaces and norms, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process, orthogonal
complements, Bessel’s inequality, the adjoint of a linear operator, Least square approximation,
minimal solution to system of linear equations, Normal and self-adjoint operators, orthogonal
projections and Spectral theorem.
Books Recommended:
1. J.B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
3. J.A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing House, 1999.
5. S. Lang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2005.
6. K. Hoffman and R.A. Kunze, Linear Algebra, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1971.
Course Outcome: Knowledge: The student has knowledge of fundamental properties of Principal
ideal domains, Unique factorization domains, Euclidean domains, Eigen vector space and inner
product space, and examples of such.
2. Skills: The student is able to decide whether a given polynomial is reducible or not by using the
concepts in the course. The student is able to find Eigen spaces of linear operator and apply Gram-
Schmidt orthogonalisation process.
62
Theory of Equations
Course No. L T P
MTL- 357 5 1 0
Section-A
General properties of polynomials, Graphical representation of a polynomial, maximum and
minimum values of a polynomials, Euclid’s Algorithm, Greatest Common Divivsor, Unique
Factorization of Polynomial over a field F of numbers (Statement Only), Fundamental Theorem of
Algebra (Statement only), Roots and their Multiplicity.
Section-B
General properties of equations, Relationship between the roots and the coefficients, Fundamental
theorem of symmetric polynomials (without proof), Evaluation of symmetric functions of roots,
Rational roots of polynomials with integral coefficients, Descarte’s rule of signs positive and
negative rule.
Section-C
Symmetric functions, Applications of symmetric function of the roots, Transformation of
equations, Solutions of reciprocal and binomial equations, Algebraic solutions of the cubic and
biquadratic Equations, Properties of the derived functions.
Section-D
Symmetric functions of the roots, Newton’s theorem on the sums of powers of roots, homogeneous
products, limits of the roots of equations, Separation of the roots of equations, Strums theorem,
Applications of Strum’s theorem.
Books Recommended
1. W. S. Burnside and A. W. Panton, The Theory of Equations, Dublin University Press, 1954.
2. C. C. MacDuffee, Theory of Equations, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1954.
Course Outcome:
1. The students will learn the various applications of mathematics using Theory of Equations.
2. It will equip the students in determining the relationship between the roots and the
coefficients, solutions of reciprocal, binomial equations and transformation of equations.
3. Students will be able to understand the concepts Descarte’s rule of signs, Euclid’s Algorithm
and Symmetric functions of the roots.
63
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY
Course No. L T P
MTL- 360 5 1 0
Section-A
Theory of space curves, space curves and their parametric representation, arc length, contact of
curves, tangent line, osculating plane, principal normal, bi-normal, normal plane, rectifying plane.
Section-B
Curvature and torsion, Serret-Frenet formule, Helices, Evolute and involute of a parametric curve,
osculating circle, osculating sphere, spherical curves.
Section-C
Theory of Surfaces: Implicit and explicit forms for the equation of the surface, parametric curves on
surface direction, First and Second Fundamental forms of the surface on section co-efficient on a
surface., Geodesics and their differential equations, canonical Geodesics equations.
Section-D
Geodesics curvature, Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, Gaussian Curvature, Principal Curvatures, Lines of
curvature, Developable surfaces, rules surfaces, Weingarten Equations.
Books Recommended:
1. T.J. Willmore: Introduction to Differential Geometry, Dover Publications (2012)
2. A Pressley: Elementary Differential Geometry, Springer (2005).
3. D. Soma Sundram: Differential Geometry: A first Course, Narosa Publishing House.
4. Martin M. Lipschutz: Differential Geometry
Course Outcome:
64
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-VII)
Topics in Analysis
Course No. LTP

MTL-415 510
Section-A
Countable and uncountable sets, Metric spaces: Definition and examples, open sets, closed sets,
Perfect sets, dense sets,compact sets, elementary properties of compact sets, Compactness of k-
cells, Compact subsets of Euclidean space , Heine Borel theorem.
Section-B
The Cantor set, Separated sets, connected sets in a metric space, connected subsets of real line,
Sequences in Metric Spaces: Convergent sequences (in Metric Spaces), subsequences, Cauchy
sequences, Complete metric spaces, Cantor’s Intersection Theorem, Baire’s theorem.
Section-C
Continuity: Limits of functions (in metric spaces) Continuous functions, Continuity and
Compactness, Continuity and Connectedness, Uniform continuity.
Sequence and Series of functions: Uniform Convergence, Uniform Convergence and continuity,
Uniform Convergence and Integration, Uniform Convergence and Differentiation Weierstrass
Approximation theorem, The Stone-Weierstrass theorem.
Section-D
The Riemann Stieltje’s Integral: Definition and existence of Riemann Stieltje’s integral, Properties
of integral, Integration and Differentiation, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Ist and 2nd Mean
Value Theorems of Riemann Stieltje’s integral.
Books Recommended:
1. Walter Rudin : Principles of Mathematical Analysis (3rd Edition) McGraw-Hill Ltd., Ch.2, Ch.3.
2. Simmons, G.F. : Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGrawHill Ltd. (Appendix 1)
3. Shanti Narayan & P.K. Mittal : A Course of Mathematical Analysis.
4. S.C. Malik & Savita Arora : Mathematical Analysis, Wiley Eastern Ltd
Course Outcome: After the completion of the course the students will able to • explain the countable,
uncountable sets and cardinal number of an infinite set • distinguish between pointwise and uniform
convergence • check the uniform convergence of sequence and series of functions • explain the Riemann-
Stieltjes integrable functions and their properties • use the implicit and inverse function theorems
65
Topics in Linear Algebra

Course No. LTP

MTL-416 510
Section-A
Diagonalization and Triangulation of linear operators, Generalized eigen vectors of a linear
operator, decomposition of a vector space into generalized eigen spaces, Jordan chains, Jordan
basis, Nilpotent operators, Existence and uniqueness of Jordan form for an operator on a finite
dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field, Jordan form for linear operators on
finite dimensional vector spaces over reals.
Section-B
Semi-simple operators, cyclic spaces, cyclic decompositions, existence and uniqueness of rational
canonical form, Bilinear forms, matrix representation of a bilinear form w.r.t an ordered basis,
space of all bilinear forms on a vector space, symmetric bilinear form, degenerate and non-
degenerate bilinear forms, diagonalizable bilinear forms, quadratic forms, rank and signature of
bilinear forms, Sylvester’s law of intertia.
Section-C
Positive definite, positive semi-definite, negative definite and negative semi-definite matrices and
their various characterizations, Principle axis transformation of quadratic forms, classification of
quadrics in three dimensional Euclidean space, Hermitian forms, deriving the second derivative test
for maxima and minima of functions of several variables using quadratic forms.
Section-D
Determinant as n-linear function, its properties, characterization and uniqueness of determinant

function, determinant as n-dimensional volume of the parallelopiped, Some applications of linear
algebra: finite symmetry groups in three dimensions, applications of linear algebra in differential
equations, sum of squares and Hurwitz’s theorem, linear codes, linear codes defined by generating
matrices, the ISBN, Hamming codes, Hadamard codes, Perfect linear codes.
66
Books Recommended:
1. C.W. Curtis, Linear Algebra, Springer- Verlag, New-York, 1984.
2. J.B. Carrell, Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, Lecture Notes, 2005.
3. K. Hoffman and R.A. Kunze, Linear Algebra, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1971.
4. V. Sahai, V. Bist, Linear Algebra, Alpha Science International Ltd., Pangbourne, 2002.
Course Outcome:
1. The students will learn the various applications of mathematics using linear algebra
techniques.
2. It will equip the students in determining the Jordan form, bilinear forms, quadratic forms and
rational canonical forms for linear operators.
3. Students will be able to understand the linear codes defined by generating matrices, Hamming
and Perfect linear codes.
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Advanced Numerical Analysis

Course No. LTP

MTL-417 510
Section-A
Classification of partial differential equations, Finite difference approximation to partial derivatives,
Parabolic equations: Transformation to non-dimensional forms, an explicit method, Crank
Nicolson Implicit method, derivative boundary conditions, Parabolic equation in cylindrical and
spherical polar co-ordinates, local truncation error.
Section-B
Consistency, analytical treatment of Convergence and stability, stability analysis by matrix method,
Eigen values and eigen vectors, Stability of Crank Nicolson equations. Stability criteria for
derivative boundary conditions.
Elliptic Equations: Iterative methods for Laplace and Poisson equations, A torsion problem, A
heat conduction problem with derivative boundary conditions, Jacobi’s method, Gauss-Seidel
method, S.O.R. method, finite differences in polar coordinates.
Section-C
Hyperbolic Equations: Three level difference scheme, Analytical solution of first order quasi
linear equations, Numerical integration along a characteristic, Implicit difference methods for wave
equation, Stability Analysis, Lax, Wendroff explicit method on rectangular mesh for 1st order
equations, Lax Wendroff method for a set of simultaneous equations, Second order quasi linear
hyperbolic equations, Truncation error.
Section-D
Finite Element Methods: Rayleigh Ritz Method, Collocation Method, Galerkin’s Method,
Application to two dimensional problems, Finite element methods for one dimensional and two
dimensional problems.
Books Recommended:
1. G. D. Smith: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations. (2nd edition)
2. S.S. Sastry : Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis.(3rd edition)
3. Curtis F. and Patrick O. Gerald Wheatley : Applied Numerical Analysis. (6th edition)
Course Outcome:
1. The students will learn the various applications of mathematics using advanced numerical
analysis techniques.
2. It will equip the students in determining the convergence and stability criteria for derivative
boundary conditions.
3. Students will be able to develop the numerical codes using finite difference approximation and
finite element methods.
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Statistical Inference
Course No. LTP

MTL-418 400
Objective : Statistical Inference is to introduce various statistical procedures to draw conclusions

about population using sample data drawn from the population. Given a partly specified probability
model of the population, procedure to estimate the unknown parameter and procedure to test a pre-
specified hypothesis about unknown parameter will be introduced. Various optimal properties of
procedures will also introduce.
Section-A
Point Estimation: Sufficient statistics, Neyman factorization theorem, minimal sufficient statistics,
ancillary statistics, complete statistics, Basu’s theorem, unbiasedness, Mean squared error,
Minimum variance unbiased estimators, Rao Blackwell Theorem, Lehmann-Scheffe theorem.
Section-B
Cramer-Rao lower bound. Consistency, efficiency, Methods of estimation: maximum likelihood
estimator (restricted and non-restricted), properties of MLE (without proof), MLE for type I and
Type II censored data. method of moments estimator, Loss function and Loss function Optimality,
Bayes estimators.
Section-C
Concepts of testing of hypotheses, critical region, test function, two types of errors, power function,
level of significance, p-value, most powerful test, Neyman-Pearson theory, Uniformly most
powerful test, Likelihood ratio property, Karlin Rubin theorem and its applications.
Section-D
Likelihood tests (excluding properties of Likelihood Ratio Tests), Tests based on t, chi square and F
distributions, Large sample tests, Confidence intervals, confidence level, construction of confidence
interval using pivots and inverting a test statistic.
Books Recommended:
1. Hogg, R.V., Mckean, J.W. and Craig, A.T. : Introduction to Mathematical Statistics.
2. Rohtagi, V. K. and Ehsanes Saleh, A. K. Md. An Introduction to Probability and Statistics
3. Casella, G. and Berger, R. L. : Statistical Inference
Course Outcome: On successful completion of the course, students will be able to
1. Find estimators of unknown parameters of a probability distribution used to model a population and
study the various desirable properties of the estimators.
2. Find the most powerful test and uniformly most powerful test for the problem of statistical testing
of hypotheses.
3. Draw statistical inference about population by applying small sample and large sample theory of
statistical testing of hypotheses.
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Statistical Inference Lab

Course No. LTP
MTL-418 002
Maximum Marks 50
To find the sufficient, unbiased, consistent and minimum variance unbiased estimate based on real
life data. Practical problems to find MLE, MME and Baye’s estimate for sample data Find Type-I
Error, Type-II error and power for practical problems . Apply MP, UMP and LRT for the sample
data.
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M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-VIII)
Field Extension and Galois Theory

Course No. LTP
MTL-465 510
Section-A
Fields, characteristic of a field, prime fields and their types, algebraic elements, the minimal
polynomial, finite field extensions, finitely generated field extensions, degree of a field extension,
quadratic extensions over fields of characteristic different from 2, algebraic extensions, splitting
fields: existence and uniqueness.
Section-B
Algebraic closure, algebraically closed fields, finite fields, existence and uniqueness of fields of
order a prime), constructing finite fields, separable and inseparable extensions, purely
inseparable extensions, separable and inseparable degrees of an irreducible polynomial over a field
of characteristic , perfect fields.
Section-C
Simple extensions, primitive elements, Lagrange’s theorem on primitive elements, normal
extensions, roots of unity, Galois extensions, group characters, linear independence of group
characters, The fundamental theorem of Galois theory , norm and trace of elements.
Section-D
Composite field extensions, Cyclotomic polynomials, Cyclotomic extensions, Abelian extensions,
Frobenius mapping, Galois groups of finite fields, the elementary symmetry functions, Fundamental
theorem on symmetric functions, Quintic equations and solvability by radicals, constructive
polygons.
Books Recommended:
1. D. S. Dummit and R. M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, John-Wiley and Sons, Students Ed., 1999.
2. P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K.Jain and S.R. Nagpal, Basic Abstarct Algebra, Cambridge
3. T.W. Hungerford, Algebra, Springer, 1974.
Course Outcome:
71
Measure Theory
Course No. LTP

MTL-466 510
Objective: This course is focused on introducing the basics of Lebesgue Theory to extend the
domain of integrable functions on measurable subsets of real line. One of the main objectives is the
recovery of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus from the blow caused by the Volterra function
Section – A
Review of the topology of real line, the extended real numbers, σ-algebra, Borel-algebra and Borel
sets, Lebesgue Outer Measure, Measurable Sets and their properties, σ-algebra of Lebesgue
measurable sets, Outer and Inner Approximation of the Lebesgue Measurable Sets, Countable
additivity of Lebesgue measure, Continuity of measure, the Borel-Cantelli Lemma,
Non-Measurable Sets, The Cantor set and The Cantor-Lebesgue function, Comparison of σ-algebra
of measurable sets and the Borel σ-algebra of subsets of real line.
Section-B
The motivation behind Lebesgue Measurable Functions, various Characterizations and Properties of
Measurable functions: Sum, Product and Composition, Sequential Point-wise Limits and Simple
Approximations to Measurable Functions, Tietze’s extension theorem for a continuous function on
a closed subset of real line, Littlewood’s three Principles.
Section-C
Lebesgue Integral (Stage I): Lebesgue Integral of a simple function, Comparison of Riemann and
Lebesgue Integral, linearity and monotonicity of Lebesgue integration.
Lebesgue Integral (Stage II): Lebesgue Integral of a bounded measurable function over a set of
finite measure, linearity, monotonicity, and additivity over domain of integration, The Bounded
Convergence Theorem.
Lebesgue Integral (Stage III): Lebesgue Integral of a measurable function of finite support,
Lebesgue Integral of a non-negative measurable function, Chebychev’s inequality, linearity,
monotonicity, and additivity over domain of integration, Fatou’s Lemma, The Monotone
convergence Theorem, Beppo Levi’s Lemma.
72
Section-D
Lebesgue Integral (Stage IV): The General Lebesgue Integral, the integral comparison test,
linearity, monotonicity, and additivity over domain of integration, The Lebesgue Dominated
Convergence Theorem, General Lebesgue Dominated convergence Theorem, Countable
Additivityand Continuity of Integration.
Uniformly integrable family of functions, The Vitali convergence Theorem. Characterizations of
Riemann and Lebesgue integrability.
Integrability of a Derivative: Vitali Covers, The Vitali covering Lemma, Differentiability of
Monotone Functions (The Lebesgue’s Theorem), Functions of Bounded Variation, Jordan's
Theorem and integrability of a function of bounded variation, Absolutely Continuous Functions,
AbsoluteContinuity and the Lebesgue Integral, Fundamental Theorem of integral Calculus for the
Lebesgue integral.
Book Recommended:
1. Royden, H.L. and Fitzpatrick, P. M: Real Analysis (Fourth Edition), Pearson Education Inc.
New Jersey, U.S.A.(2010). (Scope as in Ch.1-6)
Course Outcome: The student will get familiar with the basic notions of Lebesgue Measure and
Lebesgue integration on measurable subsets of real line and the student is ready to get into learning
the Lebesgue theory on subsets of Euclidean spaces.
73
Analytic Number Theory

Course No. LTP

MTL-467 510
Objective: This course is an introduction to the tools of Analytic number Theory such as Bell series
and averages of arithmetic functions through Euler’s Formula.
Section-A
Arithmetic Functions: Infinitude of primes, Euler zeta function, Arithmetic functions, The Mobius
function, Euler totient, the Dirichlet product, Dirichlet inverses, Group structure on arithmetic
functions, Multiple Dirichlet products, Group of arithmetic functions as a Q-vector space and its
direct sum decomposition.
Section-B
The Mangoldt function, multiplicative functions and Dirichlet multiplication, Completely
multiplicative functions.
The Bell Series: Generalized convolution, Bell series of arithmetic functions and Dirichlet
multiplication, Derivatives of arithmetic functions.
Section-C
Averages of Arithmetic Functions: The Big-O notation, Euler's summation formula, the Riemann
zeta function, Asymptotic formulas for zeta functions, average order of some standard
arithmetic functions, partial sums of Dirichlet product.
Section-D
The Riemann Zeta Function: The Hurwitz zeta function and its contour integral representation, the
Hurwitz formula for ζ(s,a), the Riemann zeta function ζ (s) and its functional equation, Evaluation
of ζ(-n,a), ζ(2), ζ(2k), Bernoulli numbers, Bernoulli polynomials and their properties, Power sums
via Bernoulli numbers.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. T. M. Apostol. An introduction to analytic number theory. Indian reprint, Springer
(1976). (Scope in Chapters 1-3, 12)
2. G. A. Jones and J. M. Jones. Elementary number theory. 6th Indian reprint, Springer
(2011). (Scope in Chapter 5-6, 8-9)
3. B. Berndt. Ramanujan’s Notebooks: Part I. Springer, (1985).
i) gain a familiarity with the problems and tools of analytic number theory.
ii) Learn about arithmetic functions and their utility in the analytic theory of numbers
including the distribution of primes.
iii) Learn about Bell series and averages of arithmetic functions through Euler’s
Formula.
iv) Know some analytic properties Riemann Zeta function.
74
Financial Mathematics
Course No. LTP

MTL-468 510
Section-A
Products and Markets: Time Value of money, Periodic and Continuous compounding Commodities,
equities Currencies, Indices, Fixed income securities, Coupon Bonds, Dynamics of stock prices,
Expected return, Binomial Tree model, Risk-Neutral Probability, Martingale Property. Derivatives:
Basic Concepts, Pay-off diagrams, Risk and Return.
Section-B
Stock and money market models, Investment Strategies, No Arbitrage Principle, Fundamental
Theorem of asset pricing One step Binomial model. Random behaviour of assets, Forwards
contracts and future contracts. value of a forward contract, pricing, Hedging with futures.
Section-C
Options, call and Put options, Put-call parity, Bounds on Option Prices, European and American
calls, Variables determining option prices.
Elementary Stochastic Calculus: Motivation and examples, Brownian Motion, Mean Square limit.
Ito’s Lemma,
Section-D
The Black Scholes Model: Option values, Payoffs and strategies, The derivation of Black Schole,
Partial differential equation, Reduction of Black Scholes equation to diffusion equation, Numerical
solutions of Black Scholes equation.
Recommended Books:
1. M. Capinski and T. Zastawniak: MJathematics for Finance: An Introduction to Financial
Engineering, Springer
2. P.Wilmott: The Theory and Practice of Financial Engineering, John Willey and Sons, London,
1998.
3.P.Wilmott, Sam Howison and Jeff Dewynne: The Mathematics of Financial Derivatives,
Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Course Outcome:
1. The students will learn the various applications of mathematics using financial mathematics
techniques.
2. Students will be able to understand the concepts of fixed income securities, Risk and Return,
Forwards contracts and future contracts and Elementary Stochastic Calculus etc.
3. It will equip the students in determining the Mean Square limit, Periodic and Continuous
compounding Commodities and the derivation of Black Schole model.
75
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-IX)
Topology
Course No. LTP
MTL-515 510
Objective: This is a first course in General Topology. Enough basic material will be covered, which
will enable the student to pursue higher studies in any of the branches of topology and Geometry.
Section-A
Review of topology of real line, Topological spaces, Basis for a topology, Comparison of
topologies, the Lower limit and the K-topologies, Topology generated by a subbasis, the Order
Topology, the product topology on a cartesian product, Subspace topology, Closed sets and limit
points, Closure and interior, T0 and T1 spaces, Hausdorff spaces, Continuous functions,
Homeomorphisms, Topological property, Constructing continuous functions, the pasting lemma,
Countability axioms.
Arbitrary products, Productand Box Topologies,The metric topology, Metrizable spaces, the
Euclidean topology, Metrizability of finite and countable products of metrizable spaces, Uniform
topology, The sequence Lemma, Continuity via convergence in metrizable spaces, The Uniform
limit Theorem
The Quotient Topology: Quotient map, Saturated sets, Quotient spaces, Characterizations of
quotient maps.
Section-B
Motivation behind Connectedness: non-existence of a continuous surjective map from a bounded
interval to a two-point subspace of real line, Separation and connected spaces, connected subspaces,
Continuity and connectedness, Finite cartesian product of connected spaces, Connectedness of
countable product of real line in the product and box topologies, Connected subspaces of real line,
Intermediate value theorem, Path connectedness, Components, Local connectedness, Local path
components, Local path connectedness, and uniform limit theorem
Section-C
Motivation behind Compactness, Compact spaces and subspaces, Continuity and Compactness, The
Tube Lemma, Finite intersection property (F.I.P.), Cantor’s intersection theorem, The Tychonoff
Theorem, Compact subspaces of real line, Extreme Value Theorem, The Lebesgue Number Lemma,
The Uniform continuity Theorem, Limit point Compactness, Sequential Compactness, Local
compactness and one-point Compactification.
76
Section-D
Separation axioms: Hausdorff spaces, Regular Spaces, Normal spaces, Urysohn’s Lemma,
Completely regular spaces, The Tietze extension theorem, Urysohn’s Metrization Theorem,
Completely normal spaces, The Stone-Cech Compactification.
Books Recommended:
1. J. R. Munkres : Topology, Prentice Hall of India, 2007 (Indian reprint) (Scope as in Ch.1-5)
2. J. L. Kelley : General Topology, 2008 (Indian reprint).
3. K. Janich, Topology, Springer-Verlag, 2004.

Course Outcome: The course content is a minimal necessary dose of point-set topology which the student
will have in order to get ready to learn other branches of topology. Apart from this, the student will have
learned enough point-set topology through this course, such that he/she can look for applications of topology in
other branches of Science.
77
Functional Analysis
Course No. LTP
MTL-516 510
Section-A
Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, subspaces, quotient spaces, Continuous transformations,
Equivalent norms, finite dimensional normed linear spaces and compactness, Riesz Lemma, The
conjugate space .
Section-B
The Hahn Banach theorem and its consequences, the natural embedding of a normed linear space
into its double conjugate space, reflexive spaces, open mapping theorem, projections on a Banach
space, closed graph theorem, uniform bounded principle.
Section-C
Conjugate operators, spaces: Holder’s and Minkowski' inequalities, completeness of spaces,
Hilbert spaces, orthogonal complements, orthonormal sets, strong and weak convergence in finite
and infinite dimensional normed linear spaces, weak convergence in Hilbert spaces, weakly
compact sets in Hilbert spaces.
Section-D
The adjoint of an operator, self-adjoint operators, positive operators, normal operators, unitary
operators, projections on a Hilbert space, Spectral theorem for normal operators, compact linear
operators on normed spaces, properties of compact linear operators.
Books Recommended:
1. G.F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, Tata Mc-Graw Hill , Ed.
2004, New Delhi.
2. Erwin Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley and
Sons, 1978.
3. B.V. Limaye, Functional Analysis, , New Age International Limited, 1996.
4. P.K. Jain and O.P. Ahuja, Functional Analysis, New Age International Ltd. , 2010.
5. K.C. Rao, Functional Analysis, Narosa, 2002.
6. D. Somasundram, A First Course in Functional Analysis, Narosa, 2006.
Course Outcome: After the successful completion of the course, the students:
1. Would have understood the concept of norm function on vector spaces over or and the resulting metric space
structure on the normed linear space. Various standard examples and properties of normed linear spaces would be
known to them. The concept of two different norms on the same vector space being equivalent would also be
known to them.
2. Would have understood the equivalence of continuity and boundedness of a linear operator on a normed linear
space and would have in-depth knowledge of such linear operators.
3. Would have completely understood the classic results like: Open mapping theorem, Closed graph theorem,
Uniform bounded principle, The Hahn-Banach theorem and their various applications.
78
OPERATIONS RESEARCH-I
Course No. LTP
MTL-521 510
Objectives: The aim of the present course is to acquaint the students with different mathematical
models extensively used in a variety of disciplines of mathematical sciences. The fundamental
nature of the subject is models helpful to arrive at optimum decisions. The present course will be
helpful and useful to all concerned with the study of computational techniques applicable to a
variety of real life disciplines
Section-A
Mathematical formulation of linear programming problem, properties of a solution to the linear

programming problem, generating extreme point solution, simplex computational procedure,
development of minimum feasible solution, the artificial basis techniques, a first feasible solution
using slack variables, Big-M method with artificial variables.
Section-B
General Primal-Dual pair, formulating a dual problem, primal-dual pair in matrix form, Duality
theorems, complementary slackness theorem, duality and simplex method, economic interpretation
of primal-dual problems. Integer Programming: Gomory’s all I.P.P. method, constructions of
Gomory’s constraints, Fractional cut method-all integer and mixed integer, Branch-and-Bound
method, applications of integer programming.
Section-C
Dynamic Programming: The recursive equation approach, characteristics of dynamic programming,

dynamic programming algorithm, solution of-discrete D.P.P., solution of L.P.P. by Dynamic
Programming. The general transportation problem, transportation table, duality in transportation
problem, loops in transportation tables, linear programming formulation, solution of transportation
problem, test for optimality, degeneracy, transportation algorithm (MODI method), time
minimization transportation problem.
79
Section-D
Assignment Problems: Mathematical formulation of assignment problem, the assignment method,
typical assignment problem, the traveling salesman problem. Game Theory: Two-person zero sum
games, maximin-minimax principle, games without saddle points (Mixed strategies), graphical
solution of 2 n and m2 games, dominance property, arithmetic method of n n games, general
solution of m n rectangular games.
Books Recommended:
1. Gass, S. L.: Linear Programming
2. Hadley, G.: Mathematical Programming
3. Kambo, N. S.: Mathematical Programming
4. Kanti Swarup, Gupta, P.K. & Man Mohan: Operations Research
5. R.Panneerselvam: Operations Research
6. Taha, H.A.: Operations Research.
Course Outcome: The outcomes of the present course are meant to acquaint the students with
different mathematical models extensively used in a variety of disciplines of mathematical sciences.
The fundamental nature of the subject is mathematical models helpful to arrive at optimum decisions.
The outcomes of the present course will be helpful and useful to all concerned with the study of
computational techniques applicable to a variety of real life disciplines.
80
Discrete Mathematics
Course No. LTP
MTL-522 510
Section-A
Mathematical Logic: Properties and logical operations, Truth function, Logical connections,
logically equivalent statements, tautology and contradiction, algebra of proposition, arguments,
duality law, Quantifiers, inference rules for quantified statements, predicates calculus, interference
theory of predicate logic, valid formula involving quantifiers.
Section-B
Boolean Algebra: Boolean Algebra and its properties, Principle of duality in Boolean Algebra,
Algebra of Classes, Isomorphism, Partial Order, Boolean switching circuits, Equivalence of two
circuits, simplification of circuit, Boolean polynomial, Boolean expression & function,
Fundamental forms of a Boolean function. Disjunctive normal form, Complement function of a
Boolean function.
Section-C
Lattices: Partial ordered sets, Hasse diagrams, isomorphism, External elements of partially ordered
set, lattices, lattices as algebraic system, sub-lattices, direct product and homomorphism.
Section-D
Permutations, combinations, their results, circular permutations, Basics of counting, indirect
counting, Principle of inclusion-exclusion, Pigeonhole principle, Generating functions of sequences,
Finding coefficients using generating functions, Recurrence relations, Solving recurrence relations
by substitution and generating functions
Books Recommended:
1. Trambley, J.P. and Manohar,R: Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to Computer
Science.
2. Liu C.L.: Elements of Discrete Mathematics.
3. Alan Doerr and Kenneth Levasseur: Applied Discrete Structures for Computer Science
Course Outcome: Students will learn about topics such as logic and proofs, sets and functions,
probability, recursion, matrices, Boolean algebra and other important discrete math concepts. The
students will learn how to use logical notation, perform logical proofs, determine equivalent logical
expressions etc.
81
Fluid Dynamics
Course No. LTP
MTL-523 510
Objective: This course is designed to make the student familiar with the Navier Stokes equations
and solving practical problems mathematically.
Section A
Review of hydrostatics, Introduction to fluid flows, equation of continuity, Euler’s equation of
motion, Bernoulli’s equation, steady motion under conservative body forces, potential theorems.
Section B
Viscosity, Newtonian fluids, The law of viscosity, convective momentum transport, shell
momentum balance sand boundary conditions, use of shell momentum balance to solve laminar
flow problems: flow of a falling film, flow through a circular tube (Hagen-Poiseuille flow), flow
through anannulus, flow of two adjacent immiscible fluids, creeping flow around a sphere.
Section C
The Navier-Stokes equations, use of the Navier-Stokes equations in solving the following flow
problems: Steady flow in along circular cylinder, falling film with variable viscosity, The Taylor-
Couette flow, Plane Couette flow; Shape of the surface of a rotating liquid, Flow near a slowly
rotating sphere.
Section D
Steady viscous flow in tubes of uniform cross sections, viscous flow past a fixed sphere,
Dimensional analysis of fluid motion, Prandtl boundary layer, Time dependent flows of Newtonian
fluids. Magneto hydrodynamics, Alfen waves, waves in fluids.
Books Recommended:
1. F.Charlton, Text book of Fluid Dynamics 1st Edition.
2. R.B.Bird, W.E. Stewart, E. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2ndEdition. (Scope as in Ch.1-4)
3. L.D.LandauandE.M.Lifshitz,FluidMechanics,3rdEdition.(Scope as in Ch.I-II)
4. S. Chandrasekhar. Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability, Oxford University Press,
1966
Course Outcome:
82
Stochastic Process
Course No. LTP
MTL-524 510
Objectives: The aim of the present course is to acquaint the readers with Stochastic processes with
classification, Markov Chains, Stationary distribution, Poisson process, Discrete branching process,
Random walk model and Diffusion processes. The stochastic techniques are useful means of data
reduction and are helpful to Statisticians whose objective is to find basic patterns in a set of
observed data that will provide more coherent information about the data.
Section-A
Introduction to stochastic processes, classification of stochastic processes according to state space
and time domain. Countable state Markov Chains, Chapman-Kolmogorov equations, calculations of n-
step transition probability and its limit.
Section-B
Stationary distribution, classification of states. Discrete state space continuous time Markov Chains:
Kolmogorov-Feller differential equations. Poisson process, Simple birth process, Simple death
process, Recurrent events, recurrence time distribution.
Section-C
Necessary and sufficient condition for persistent and transient events and their illustrations, delayed
recurrent event, Discrete branching process, mean and variance of the n-th generation, probability
of extinction.
Section-D
Random walk model, classical gambler’s ruin problem, Expected duration of the game, Generating
functions for the duration of game, Diffusion processes.
Books Recommended:
1. Feller, W.: Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Vol. 1.
2. Hoel, P.G., Port, S.C. and Stone, C.J.: Introduction to Stochastic Processes.
3. Karlin, S. and Taylor, H.M.: A First Course in Stochastic Processes, Vol. 1.
4. Medhi, J.: Stochastic Processes.
5. Bailey, N.T.J.: The Elements of Stochastic Processes.
6. Adke, S.R. and Manjunath, S.M.: An Introduction to Finite Markov Processes
Course Outcome:
83
Classical Mechanics and Calculus of Variations

Course No. LTP
MTL-525 510
Section-A
Euler’s dynamical equations for the motion of a rigid body about a fixed point, Generalized
coordinates and generalized velocities, virtual work, generalized forces, Lagrange’s equations for a
holonomic dynamical system, conservative system, holonomic dynamical system for impulsive
forces and their applications, Kinetic energy as a quadratic function of velocities, theory of small
oscillations.
Section-B
Functional, variation of functional and its properties, fundamental lemma of calculus of variation,
Euler’s equations, Functionals of the form Necessary and
sufficient conditions for extremum, The Brachistochrone problem, Functionals dependent on higher
order derivatives and several dependent variables, Variational Problems in parametric form
Section-C
An elementary variational problem with moving boundaries, A moving boundary value problem for
a functional of the form Transversality conditions, Orthogonality conditions.
Extremals with corners, One sided variations, Hamilton’s principle, The principle of least action,
Langrange’s equations from Hamilton’s principle.
Section-D
Variational Methods, Direct Methods, Euler’s finite difference method, The Ritz method,
Kantorovich Method for Boundary value problems in ODE’s & PDE’s, Isoperimetric Problems.
Books Recommended:
1. Chorlton, F.: Text Book of Dynamics.
2. Elsgolts, L: Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations.
3. Gelfand,I.M. and Fomin, S.V.: Calculus of Variations.
Course Outcome: Students will learn about classical mechanics like Euler’s dynamical equations for
the motion of a rigid body about a fixed point, Generalized coordinates and generalized velocities,
virtual work, conservative system, theory of small oscillations. They will learn about calculus of
variations like functional, variation of functional and its properties, necessary and sufficient
conditions for extremum, Hamilton’s principle, The principle of least action.
84
Commutative Algebra
Course No. LTP
MTL-526 510
Section-A
Modules, submodules, free modules, quotient modules, Homomorphism theorems, direct sums,
finitely generated modules, rank of a finitely generated module over a commutative ring, simple
modules, cyclic modules, Modules over PID’s, structure theorem for modules over PID’s.
Section-B
Prime ideals and maximal ideals in commutative rings, Nil radical, Jacobson radical, Operations on
ideals, Extension and contraction of ideals, Nakayama Lemma, Exact sequences of modules.
Section-C
Injective modules, Projective modules, Tensor product of modules, restriction and extension of
scalars, exactness properties of the tensor product, flat modules, rings and modules of fractions,
localization, local properties, extended and contracted ideals in rings of fractions, primary
decomposition.
Section-D
Integral dependence, Integrally closed domains, Zariski topology, The Nullstellensatz, The going up
theorem, The going down theorem, valuation rings, rings with chain conditions, discrete valuation
rings, Dedekind domains, Fractional ideals.
Books Recommended:
1. M. F. Atiyah and I. G. Macdonald, Introduction to Commutative Algebra.
2. H. Matsumura, Commutative Ring Theory.
3. M. Reid, Undergraduate Commutative Algebra.
4. N. Jacobson, Basic Algebra-II.
Course Outcome: Upon completing the course,
 The student has knowledge of fundamental properties of modules, Injective modules, Projective
modules and Jacobson, and examples of such.
 In particular, the student is familiar with the key properties and examples of Prime ideals and
maximal ideals and Tensor product of modules.
 The student is familiar with the Zariski topology and the Nullstellensatz.
85
Fourier Analysis
Course No. LTP
MTL-527 510
Section A
Fourier Series and its properties. Fourier sine and cosine series. The Riemann-Lebesgue Lemma.
The Dirichlet and Fourier Kernels. Continuous and Discrete Fourier Kernels. Point-wise
convergence of Fourier series, Dirichlet‘s Pointwise convergence theorem.
Section B
Uniform convergence. A divergent Fourier series, Term wise Integration, Trigonometric vs. Fourier
series, Term wise differentiation, Cesaro and Abel Summability, Fejer’s kernel and Fejer’s theorem,
Lebesgue’s Pointwise, Convergence Theorem.
Section C
Finite Fourier transforms, Convolution, Exponential form of the Lebesgue’s theorem, The Fourier
transform and Residues, Inversion, Exponential form and Trigonometric form.
Section D
Transforms of Derivatives and Integrals, Fourier sine and cosine transforms, Parseval’s identities
The Plancherel theorem, A Sampling theorem.
Books Recommended
1. R. Strichartz, A Guide to Distributions and Fourier Transforms, CRC Press.
2. E.M. Stein and R. Shakarchi, Fourier Analysis: An Introduction, Princeton University
Press, Princeton 2003.
3. G. Bachman, L. Narici, E. Beckenstein; Fourier and Wavelet Analysis, Universitext,
Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000 (Scope as in Chapters 4 and 5).
Course Outcome: After studying this course the student will be able to:
(i) derive a Fourier series of a given periodic function by evaluating Fourier
coefficients.
(ii) understand the point-wise and uniform convergence of Fourier series.
(iii) calculate the Fourier transform and inverse transform of common functions
including rectangular, Gaussian, delta, unit-step, sinusoidal and exponential
decays.
(iv) understand Parseval’s identities, Plancherel theorem, Sampling theorem.
86
M.SC. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (USHS) (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-X)
Algebraic Topology
Course No. LTP
MTL-565 510
Objective: As a first course in Algebraic topology, the student will learn about manifolds, free
groups, and the Classical von Kampen theorem on fundamental group. Covering spaces will also be
covered.
Section-A
N-manifolds, Orientable vs Non-orientable manifolds, Compact-connected 2-manifolds,
Classification theorem for compact surfaces, Triangulations of compact surfaces, The Euler
characteristic of a surface, The Fundamental group of Circle and product spaces, The Brouwer fixed
point theorem in dimension 2, Homotopy-type and Homotopy Equivalence.
Section-B
Weak product of abelian groups, free abelian groups, free product of groups, free groups.
Section-C
The Seifert Von Kampen theorem and its applications, Structure of the fundamental group of a
Compact surface.
Section-D
Covering Spaces:Lifting of paths to covering spaces, The fundamental group of a covering space,
Homomorphism and automorphisms of covering spaces, Regular covering spaces and Quotient
spaces, The Borsuk-Ulam theorem for 2-sphere, The existence theorem for covering spaces.
Books Recommended:
1. W.S. Massey. A Basic Course in Algebraic Topology, Springer(Indian reprint) 2007. (Scope as
in Ch. 1-5)
2. J.R. Munkres. Topology, Prentice Hall of India (India reprint) 2007.
Course Outcome: As a first course in Algebraic topology, the student learnt about manifolds, free groups,
and the Classical von Kampen theorem on fundamental group.
87
Banach Algebra and Operator Theory

Course No. LTP
MTL-566 510
Section-A
Banach Algebras: Definitions and simple examples. Regular and singular elements. Topological
divisors of zero, Spectrum of an element of a Banach algebra, formula for spectral radius.
Section-B
The radical and semi-simplicity, the Gelfand mapping, Applications of the formula for spectral
radius, Involutions in Banach algebras, the Gelfand Neumark theorem
Section-C
Compact Linear Operators and their Spectrum: Compact Linear Operators on normed spaces,
Spectral properties of compact linear operators, spectral properties of bounded linear operators,
operator equations involving compact linear operators.
Section-D
Spectral properties of bounded self adjoint linear operators on a complex Hilbert space. Positive
operators. Monotone sequence theorem for bounded self adjoint operators on a complex Hilbert
space, Square roots of a positive operator, Projection operators, Properties of projection operators.
Books Recommended:
1. Simmons, G.F. : Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis (Section 64-73), McGraw- Hill
(1963) International Book Company.
2. Kreyszig, E. : Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, (Sections 8.1-8.5, 9.1-9.6)
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978.
Course Outcome:
Upon completing the course, students will be able to:
 Understand the notions of Spectrum of an element of a Banach algebra and formula for spectral radius.
 Able to understand the Spectral properties of compact and bounded linear operators.
 Able to understand concept of radical and semi-simplicity and the Gelfand mapping
88
Topological Vector Spaces

Course No. LTP
MTL-568 510
Objective: In this course the student will learn about the interactive usage of Topology, Linear
algebra and functional analysis. Some applications will also be a part of this study.
Section A
Infinite dimensional vector spaces, Existence of basis, Topological vector spaces(TVS), various
types of TVS, local boundedness, separation properties, Convex, balanced and absorbing sets and
their properties, Minkowski’s functional, Hahn-Banach Theorems.
Section B
Subspace, product space and quotient space of a TVS, Projection, Seminorm, The spaces C(Ω),
H(Ω), and Lp, 0<p<1
Section C
Locally convex topological vector spaces, Metrizability and normability of TVS.
Section D
Complete TVS, Frechet spaces, Topology of Frechet space C∞(Ω), Dk , Linear maps, Linear
functional and their continuity, Weak topology of a TVS, Weak * topology, The Banach Alaoglu
Theorem.
Books Recommended:
1. WalterRudin:FunctionalAnalysis,TMHEdition,1974.
2. Schaefer,H.H.:TopologicalVectorSpaces,Springer,N.Y.,1971.
Course Outcome: In this course the student learnt about the interactive usage of Topology, Linear algebra
and functional analysis and their applications.
89
Operations Research-II
Course No. LTP
MTL-569 510
Objectives: The objective of the present course is to acquaint the readers with different
mathematical models extensively used not only in natural sciences, but also in a variety of
disciplines of social sciences. These models are helpful to explain the systems and to study the
effects of different components, and to make predictions about their behavior. The present course
applicable to a variety of real life disciplines will be useful to all the students and researchers from
various quarters.
Section-A
Queueing Theory: Introduction, Queueing System, elements of queueing system, distributions of
arrivals, inter arrivals, departure service times and waiting times. Classification of queueing models,
Queueing Models: (M/M/1): (∞/FIFO), (M/M/1): (N/FIFO), Generalized Model: Birth- Death
Process, (M/M/C): (∞/FIFO), (M/M/C) (N/FIFO).
Section-B
Inventory Control: The inventory decisions, costs associated with inventories, factors affecting
Inventory control, Significance of Inventory control, economic order quantity (EOQ), Deterministic
inventory problems without shortage and with shortages, EOQ problems with price breaks, Multi
item deterministic problems.
Section-C
Replacement Problems: Replacement of equipment/Asset that deteriorates gradually, replacement
of equipment that fails suddenly, Mortality Theorem, recruitment and promotion problem,
equipment renewal problem.
Simulation: Need of simulation, methodology of simulation. Simulation models, event- type

simulation, generation of random numbers, Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation of inventory
problems, queuing system, maintenance problems and job sequencing
Section-D
Non-linear Programming: Introduction, Formulation of non-linear programming problem
(NLPP), General non-linear programming problem, Constrained optimization with equality
constraints, Constrained optimization with inequality constraints, Saddle point problems, Saddle
points and non-linear programming problem.
Books Recommended:
1. R.Panneerselvam: Operations Research
2. Taha, H.A.: Operations Research
3. Chaddrasekhara, Rao & Shanti Lata Mishra: Operations Research
4. Kanti Swarup, Gupta, P.K. & Man Mohan: Operations Research
5. Mustafi, C.K.: Operations Research
90
Course Outcome: The outcomes of the present course are meant to acquaint the readers with
different mathematical models extensively used not only in natural sciences, but also in a variety of
disciplines of social sciences. The outcomes of these models are helpful to explain the systems and to
study the effects of different components, and to make predictions about their behavior. The outcomes
of the present course are applicable to a variety of real life disciplines and will be useful to all the
students and researchers from various quarters.
91
Representation Theory of Finite Groups

Course No. LTP
MTL-570 510
Section-A
Endomorphism rings of modules, Rings and modules with ascending and descending chain
conditions, Jacobson radical of a noncommutative ring and its characterizations, Irreducible
modules, semisimple modules, Tensor product of modules and algebras.
Section-B
Semisimple rings, Wedderburn Artin theorem, Group algebras, homomorphism, Maschke’s
theorem, Examples of decomposition of group algebras, simple modules over modules
and their submodules, Representation of groups.
Section-C
Schur’s Lemma, Characters of representations, Inner products of characters, Irreducible characters,
The number of irreducible characters, character tables and orthogonality relations, normal
subgroups and lifted characters, construction of some elementary character tables, integrity of
complex characters.
Section-D
Burnside theorem, Tensor product of representations, Induced representations, Restriction and
induction, Frobenius reciprocity theorems,.
Books Recommended:
1. T.Y.Lam, A First Course in Non-commutative Rings, Graduate texts in Mathematics, 131,
Springer-Verlag 1991.
2. C. Musili, Representation of Finite Groups, Hindustan Book Agency, 1993.
3. Gordon James and Martin Liebeck, Representation and Characters of Groups, Cambridge
(i) give an account of important concepts and definitions in representation theory for finite
groups.
(ii) understand proofs of some beautiful results such as Wedderburn Artin theorem, Maschke’s
a b
theorem, Buruside’s p q -Theorem, Frobenius reciprocity theorems
(iii) know about Schaur’s lemma and tensor products.
know the range of applications of the theory that extends beyond the boundaries
92
Theory of Integration
Course No. LTP

MTL-571 510
Section A
The need to extend the Lebesgue integral, The Darboux integral, necessary and sufficient
conditions for Darboux integrability, the equivalence of the Riemann and Darboux integrals,
tagged divisions and their use in elementary real analysis, Cousin's lemma, the Hen Stock-
Kurzweil and Mc Shane integrals.
Section B
Saks-Henstock Lemma, the fundamental theorems of Calculus for the gauge integral sanditscon
sequences. The Squeeze theorem, regulated functions and their integrability, Convergence
theorems for the gauge integrals, the Hake's Theorem, The McShane integral Vs Lebesgue integral.
Section C
Extensions of Absolute Continuity and Bounded variation, the relationship between the function
classes ACG*, ACG\delta, BVG*and BVG\delta, the Denjoy and Perron integrals.
Section D
Locally and globally small Riemann sums and their equivalence, The class of Hen stock-Kurzweil
Integrable functions, advantages of the Hen stock-Kurzweil integral over Riemann, Lebesgue,
Denjoy, Perron, and McShane integrals.
Books Recommended:
1. R.A.Gordon, The Integrals of Lebesgue, Denjoy, Perron and Henstock, Amer. Math.
Soc. Province, RI,(1994).
2. R. G. Bartle, A Modern Theory of Integration, Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 32.
Amer. Math. Soc., Province, RI (2001).
3. D. S. Kurtz; C.W.Schwatz, Theories of Integration, the Integrals of Riemann Lebesgue,
Henstock-Kurzweil and McShane, Series in Real Analysis, World Scientific
Publishing Co., Inc., NJ,(2004).
4. P. Y. Lee; R. Vyborny, Integral: An Easy Approach after Kurzweil and Henstock, Aus.
Math. Soc. Lecture Series14. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,(2000).
93
Theory of Sample Survey

Course No. LTP

MTL-572 510
Section-A
Concepts of population, population unit, sample, sample size, parameter, estimator, biased and
unbiased estimator, mean square error, standard error. Census and Sample surveys, Sampling and
Non sampling errors, Concepts of Probability and non-probability sampling, sampling scheme and
sampling strategy, Introduction of Simple Random Sampling (Use of Lottery Method, Random
numbers and Pseudo random numbers)
Section-B
Simple Random sampling (with or without replacement): Estimation of population Mean and Total,
Expectation and Variance of these Estimators, unbiased estimators of the variance of these
Estimators, Estimation of Population proportion and Variance of these estimators,
Section-C
Estimation of sample size based on desired accuracy, Confidence interval for population Mean and
Proportion, Concepts of Stratified population and stratified sample, estimation of population mean
and Total based in stratified sample. Expectation and variance of estimator of population mean and
total assuming SRSWOR within strata. Unbiased estimator of the variances of these estimators.
Section-D
Proportional Allocation, Optimum allocation (Neyman allocation) with and without varying costs,
Comparison of simple random sampling and stratified random sampling with proportional and
optimum allocations. Systematic sampling: estimation of population mean and its variance, and its
comparison with other sampling schemes
Books Recommended:
1. Sukhatme P.V., Sukkhatme P.V., Sukhatme S. & Ashok C. (1997): Sampling Theory of Surveys
and Applications-Piyush Publications.
2. Des Raj and P.Chandok (1998): Sample Survey Theory. Narosa Publishing House.
3. Wiliam G. Cochran (1977): Sampling Techniques, 3rd Edition-John Wiely & Sons.
4. Parimal Mukhopadhyay (1988): Theory and Methods of Survey Sampling-Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd.
5. Murthy M.N. (1977): Sampling Theory of Methods-Statistical Publishing Society, Culcutta

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FACULTY OF SCIENCES

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M. Sc. MATHEMATICS (FYIC) (CBEGS)

GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY

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Mid Semester Marks : 30

Practical (Using any Software)

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CSL-113: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE–I

Yashvant Kanetkar: Let Us C, BPB Publications, Delhi.

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2. To find the moment of inertia of a flywheel.

with a torsion pendulum.

4. To find the value of surface tension of mercury by using Quink's method.

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HSL-101 : PUNJAB HISTORY & CULTURE (1450-1716)

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Constitutional Realisation in India: Fundamental Rights (Part III, Constitution of India).

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