CLASS – 12TH

COMPLETE PHYSICS
PYQ’S
Ques1. Three point charges of + 2 µC, - 3 µC and - 3 µC are kept at the vertices A, B
and C, respectively of an equilateral triangle of side 20 cm as shown in the Fig. 1.57.
What should be the sign and magnitude of the charge to be placed at the mid-point
(M) of side BC so that the charge at A remains in equilibrium ?
[Delhi 2005]
Ques2. A thin metallic spherical shell of radius R carries a charge Q on its surface. A
!
point charge is placed at its centre C and another charge + 2Q is placed outside the
"
shell at point A at a distance x from the centre (x > R).

Find (i) the force on the charge at the centre of the shell and at the point A (ii) the
electric flux through the shell.
[Delhi 2015]
Ques3. A charge is distributed uniformly over a ring of radius 'a'. Obtain an expression
for the electric intensity E at a point on the axis of the ring. Hence show that for points
at large distances from the ring, it behaves like a point charge.
[Delhi 2016]
Ques4. An electron falls through a distance 1.5 cm in a uniform electric field of
magnitude 2.0 ×10#NC $%. Calculate the time it takes to fall through this distance
starting from rest. If the direction of the field is reversed keeping its magnitude
unchanged, calculate the time taken by a proton to fall through this distance starting
from rest.
[Delhi 2018 C]
Ques5. Two point charges + q and – 2q are placed at the vertices B and C of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side ‘a‘ as shown in fig 1.85. Obtain the expression for
(i) the magnitude, and (ii) the direction of the resultant electric field at the vertex A
due to these two changes.
[Delhi 2014 C]
Ques6. (a) Three point charges q, - 4q and 2q are placed at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side ‘ I ‘ as shown in the Fig. 2.76. Obtain the expression
for the magnitude of the resultant electric force acting on the charge q.

(b) Find out the amount of the work done to separate the charges at infinite distance.
[CBSE 2018]
Ques7. A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected across a battery of V volts.
The charge stored in it is 360 µC. When potential across the capacitor is reduced by
120 V, the charge stored in it becomes 120 µC. Calculate :

(i) The potential V and the unknown capacitance C.

(ii) What will be the charge stored in the capacitor, if the voltage applied had
increased by 120 V ?
[Delhi 2013]
Ques8. Find the total energy stored in the capacitors in the given network of Fig. 2.85.
[Delhi 2004]
Ques9. Two parallel plate capacitors of capacitances 𝐶% and 𝐶", such that 𝐶" = 2𝐶%,
are connected across a battery of V volts as shown in the Fig. 2.89. Initially the key
K is kept closed to fully charge the capacitors. The key K is now thrown open and
dielectric slabs of dielectric constant 𝐾& are inserted in the two capacitors to
completely fill the gap between the plates. Find the ratio of (i) the net capacitance,
and (ii) the energies stored in the combination before and after the introduction of
dielectric slabs.
[Delhi 2014 C]
Ques10. A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Ω is connected to a 4 Ω
resistor as shown in the Fig. 3.39. Show that a voltmeter when placed across the cell
and across the resistor, in turn, gives the same reading.
[A.I. 2016]
Ques11. The adjoining graph [Fig. 3.41] shows the variation of terminal potential
difference V, across a combination of three cells in series to a resistor, versus the
current, I :

(i) Calculate the emf of each cell.

(ii) For what current I, will the power dissipation of the circuit be maximum ?
[A.I. 2008, 2017 C]
Ques12. Use Kirchhoff’s rules to determine the potential difference between the
points A and D when no current flows in the arm BE of the electric network shown
in the Fig. 3.48.
[A.I. 2015]
Ques13. In the circuit shown [Fig, 3.03], find the current through resistors.
Ques14. The Fig. 3.73 shows experimental set up of a metre bridge. When the two
unknown resistances X and Y are inserted, the null point D is obtained 40 cm from the
end A. When a resistance of 10 Ω is connected in series with X, the null point shifts by
10 cm. Find the position of the null point when the 10 Ω resistance is instead connected
in series with resistance ' Y ', Determine the values of the resistances X and Y.
[Delhi 2009]
Ques15. Two identical circular coils, P and Q each of radius R, carrying currents 1 A
and 3 A respectively, are placed concentrically and perpendicular to each other
lying in the XY and YZ planes. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic
field at the centre of the coils.
[Delhi 2012 C, A.I. 2017]
Ques16. Two identical circular loops, P and Q, each of radius r and carrying currents
I and 2I respectively are lying in parallel planes such that they have a common axis.
The direction of current in both the loops is clockwise as seen from O, which is
equidistant from both loops. Find the magnitude of the net magnetic field at point O.
[Delhi 2012]
Ques17. Consider the motion of a charged particle of mass m and charge q moving
with velocity 𝑣⃗ in a magnetic field 𝐵. If 𝑣⃗ is perpendicular to 𝐵, show that it
'(
describes a circular path having angular frequency ω = ) .

[A.I. 2001, 2004, Delhi 2007, 2014, 2017 C]

Or

Deduce an expression for the frequency of revolution of a charged particle in a

magnetic field and show that it is independent of velocity or energy of the particle.

[Delhi 2008, 2010, 2015]

Ques18. Two long straight parallel current carrying conductors are kept at a distance
d from each other in air. The direction of current in both the conductors is the same.
Find the magnitude and direction of the force between them. Hence, define one
ampere.
[Delhi 2006, 2009, 2016]
Ques19. Derive an expression for the magnetic moment 𝜇⃗ of an electron revolving
around the nucleus in terms of its angular momentum 𝑙.⃗ What is the direction of the
magnetic moment of the electron with respect to its angular momentum ?
[A.I. 2010, 2013, 2014 C, 2019]

Or

An electron of mass m, revolves around a nucleus of charge + Ze. Show that it

behaves like a tiny magnetic dipole. Hence, prove that the magnetic moment
*
associated with it is expressed as 𝜇⃗ = ")!
𝐿, where 𝐿 is the orbital angular

momentum of the electron. Give the significance of negative sign.

[Delhi 2017]
Ques20. A small compass needle of magnetic moment 'm' and moment of inertia 'I '
is free to oscillate in a magnetic field 'B'. It is slightly disturbed from its equilibrium
position and then released. Show that it executes simple harmonic motion. Hence,
write the expression for its time period.

Or

Show that the time period ( T ) of oscillations of a freely suspended magnetic dipole
+
of magnetic moment (m) in a uniform magnetic field (B) is given by T = 2𝜋 )(
,
where I is moment of inertia of the magnetic dipole.
[A.I. 2019]
Ques21. A jet plane is travelling towards west at a speed of 1800 km/h. What is the
voltage difference developed between the ends of the wing having a span of 25 m, if
the Earth's magnetic field at the location has a magnitude of 5 ×10$# T and the dip
angle is 30° ?
[A.I. 2009, 2015 C]
Ques22. A square loop of side 12 cm with its sides parallel to X and Y axes is moved
with a velocity of 8 cm s $% in the positive x-direction in an environment containing
a magnetic field in the positive z-direction. The field is neither uniform in space nor
constant in time. It has a gradient of 10$, T cm$% along the negative x-direction
(that is it increases by 10$, T cm$%as one moves in the negative x-direction), and it
is decreasing in time at the rate of 10$, T s $%. Determine the direction and
magnitude of the induced current in the loop if its resistance is 4.50 mΩ.
Ques23. A rectangular coil of N-turns, area A is held in a uniform magnetic field B.
If the coil is rotated at a steady angular velocity ω, deduce an expression for the
induced emf in the coil at any instant of time.
[Delhi 2000, 2006, 2011]

Or

A rectangular coil of area 'A ' having number of turns N, is rotated at 'f ‘ revolutions
per second in a uniform magnetic field B, the field being perpendicular to the coil.
Prove that the maximum emf induced in the coil is 2𝜋𝑓𝑁𝐵𝐴.
[A.I. 2016, 2016 C, 2017]
Ques24. A source of emf ε is used to establish a current I through a coil of self-
inductance L. Show that the work done by the source to build up the current 𝐼& is
% "
𝐿𝐼 .
" &
[Delhi 2010]

or

Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy stored in an ideal inductor of self-
inductance L when a current 𝐼& passes through it.
[A.1. 2016 C, 2017]
Ques25. The figure shows a rectangular conducting frame MNOP of resistance R
placed partly in a perpendicular magnetic field 𝐵 and moved with velocity 𝑣⃗ as
shown in the fig. 6.52.

Obtain the expressions for the

(a) force acting on the arm 'ON' and its direction, and

(b) power required to move the frame to get a steady emf induced between the arms
MN and PO.
[A.I. 2019]
Ques26.

(a) Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy stored in a solenoid, due to the
current I flowing in it, in terms of magnetic field B, area of cross-section A and
length I of the solenoid.

(b) How is this magnetic energy per unit volume compared with the electrostatic
energy per unit volume stored in a parallel plate capacitor ?
[Delhi 2011, 2015 C, A.I. 2016 C]
Ques27. When an a.c. source is connected to an ideal capacitor, show that the average
power supplied by the source over a complete cycle is zero.
[Delhi 2008, 2013, A.I. 2017 C]
Ques28. A 2 µF capacitor, 100 Ω resistor and 8 H inductor are connected in series
with an a.c. source. Find the frequency of the a.c. source for which the current
drawn in the circuit is maximum. If the peak value of emf of the source is 200 V,
calculate the

(i) maximum current, and

(ii) inductive and capacitive reactance of the circuit at resonance.

[A.I. 2019]
Ques29. An a.c. voltage V= 𝑉) sin 𝜔𝑡 is applied across a

(i) series RC circuit in which the capacitive impedance is 'a' times the resistance in
the circuit,

(ii) series RL circuit in which the inductive impedance is 'b' times the resistance in
the circuit.

Calculate the value of the power factor of the circuit in each case.
[A.I. 2008]
Ques30. When an alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device X, a
-
current of 0.25 A flows which lags behind the voltage in phase by rad. If the same
"
voltage is applied across another device Y, the same current flows but now it is in
phase with the applied voltage.

(a) Name the devices X and Y.

(b) Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied
across the series combination of X and Y.
[CBSE 2018 C]
Ques31. A voltage V= 𝑉) sin 𝜔𝑡 is applied to a series L-C-R circuit. Derive the
expression for the average power dissipated over a cycle.

Under what condition

(i) no power is dissipated even though the current flows through the circuit,
(ii) maximum power is dissipated in the circuit ?
[Delhi 2009, A.I. 2014, 2016 C]
Ques32. A capacitor, made of two parallel plates each of plate area A and separation
d, is being charged by an external a.c. source. Show that the displacement current
inside the capacitor is the same as the current charging the capacitor.
[A.I. 2013]
Ques33. The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by

𝐵. = (8×10$/) sin 2×10%%𝑡 + 300𝜋𝑥 T

(i) Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

(ii) Write down the expression for the oscillating electric field.
[Delhi 2008]
Ques34. At what angle should a ray of light be incident on the face of a prism of
refracting angle 60° so that it just suffers total internal reflection at the other face ?
The refractive index of the material of the prism is 1.524.
[CBSE 2019]
Ques35. An angular magnification (magnifying power) of 30 X is desired using an
objective of focal length 1.25 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. How will
you set up the compound microscope ?
[A.I. 2015, Delhi 2018]
Ques36. Calculate the distance of an object of height h from a concave mirror of
radius of curvature 20 cm, so as to obtain a real image of magnification 2. Find the
location of image also.
[Delhi 2014]
Ques37. A concave lens has the same radii of curvature for both sides and has a
refractive index 1.6 in air. In the second case, it is immersed in a liquid of refractive
index 1.4. Calculate the ratio of the focal lengths of the lens in two cases.
[Delhi 2006]
Ques38. A convex lens of focal length 10 cm is placed coaxially 5 cm away from a
concave lens of focal length 10 cm. If an object is placed 30 cm in front of the
convex lens, find the position of the final image formed by the combined system.
[A.I. 2009]
Ques39. A ray of light, incident on an equilateral glass prism (𝜇0 = 3) moves
parallel to the base line of the prism inside it. Find the angle of incidence for this
ray.
[Delhi 2012]
Ques40. A point 'O ' marked on the surface of a glass sphere of diameter 20 cm is
viewed through glass from the position directly opposite to the point O. If the
refractive index of the glass is 1.5, find the position of the image formed. Also, draw
the ray diagram for the formation of the image.
[A.I. 2019]
Ques41. Yellow light (𝜆 = 6000 Å) illuminates a single-slit of width 1×10$#m.
Calculate (i) the distance between two dark lines on either side of the central
maximum when the diffraction pattern is viewed on a screen kept 1.5 m away from
the slit, (ii) the angular spread of the first diffraction minima.
[A.I. 2011, 2012]
Ques42. For a single-slit of width "a", the first minimum of the interference pattern
1
of a monochromatic light of wavelength 𝜆 occurs at an angle of 2. At the same
1
angle of , we get a maximum for two narrow slits separated by a distance "a".
2
Explain.
[Delhi 2014]
Ques43. In a modified set up of Young's double-slit experiment, it is given that
1
𝑆𝑆"− 𝑆𝑆%= # source s is not equidistant from the slits 𝑆% and 𝑆".

(a) Obtain the condition for constructive and destructive interference at any point P
on the screen in terms of the path difference Δ = 𝑆"𝑃 − 𝑆%𝑃.

(b) Does the observed central bright fringe lie above or below O ? Give reason in
support of your answers.
Ques44. The Fig. 10.23, drawn here, shows the geometry of path difference for
diffraction by a single-slit of width ' a '. Give appropriate reasoning to explain why
the intensity of light is :

(a) maximum at the central point C on the screen.

1
(b) nearly zero for point P on the screen when 𝜃 = 2 .

Hence, write an expression for the total line arm width of the central maximum on a
screen kept at a distance ' D ' from the plane of the slit.
[Delhi 2012, A.I. 2013, 2016 C, Foreign 2016]
Ques45. A monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a
single-slit of width 0.2 mm to produce a diffraction pattern. Find the angular width
of the central maximum obtained on the screen.
[Delhi 2017]
Ques46. The ratio of the intensities at minima to the maxima in the Young's double-
slit experiment is 9 : 25. Find the ratio of the widths of the two slits.
[A.I. 2014]
Ques47. Radiation of frequency 10%3 Hz is incident on two photosensitive surfaces
P and Q. There is no photoemission from surface P. Photoemission occurs from
surface Q but photoelectrons have zero kinetic energy. Explain these observations
and find the value of work function for surface Q.
[Delhi 2017]
Ques48. A photon and a proton have the same de-Broglie wavelength 𝜆. Prove that
the energy of the photon is (2 m𝜆c/h) times the kinetic energy of the proton.
[A.I. 2019]
Ques49. A proton and an α-particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength. Determine
the ratio of

(i) their accelerating potentials

(ii) their speeds.
[Delhi 2015]
Ques50. The kinetic energy of a beam of electrons, accelerated through a potential V,
equals the energy of a photon of wavelength 5460 nm. Find the de-Broglie
wavelength associated with this beam of electrons.
[Delhi 2016 C]
Ques51. Calculate the shortest wavelength of the spectral lines emitted in Balmer
series.
[Given Rydberg constant, R = 104 m$%] [A.I. 2015, 2016]
Ques52. A photon emitted during the de-excitation of electron from a state n to the
first excited state in a hydrogen atom, irradiates a metallic cathode of work function
2 eV, in a photo cell, with a stopping potential of 0.55 V. Obtain the value of the
quantum number of the state n.
[A.I. 2019]
Ques53. In a Geiger-Marsden experiment, calculate the distance of closest approach
to the nucleus of Z = 80, when an α-particle of 8 MeV energy impinges on it before
it comes momentarily to rest and reverses its direction.

How will the distance of closest approach be affected when the kinetic energy of the
α-particle is doubled ?
[A.I. 2012]
Ques54. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. If an electron makes
a transition from an energy level - 0.85 eV to - 3.4 eV, calculate the wavelength of
the spectral line emitted. To which series of hydrogen spectrum does this
wavelength belong ?
[Delhi 2007, A.I. 2012]
Ques55. The nucleus ", $
%&Ne decays by β emission. Write down the β-decay equation
and determine the maximum kinetic energy of the electrons emitted. Given that :

m( ",
%&Ne) = 22.994466 u, and m( ",
%&N𝑎) = 22.089770 u
[Delhi 2003, 2008]
Ques56. The energy level diagram of an element is given below. Identify, by doing
necessary calculations, which transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral
line of wavelength 102.7 nm.
[Delhi 2008]
Ques57. Suppose, we think of fission of a 3/
"/Fe nucleus into two equal fragments,

"5
%,AI. Is the fission energetically possible ? Argue by working out Q of the process.

Given m( 3/
"/Fe) = 55.93494 u and m( "5
%,AI) = 27.98191 u.
[Delhi 2008]
Ques58. Give reason to explain why n and p regions of Zener diode are heavily
doped. Find the current through the Zener diode in the circuit given below (Zener
breakdown voltage is 15 V).
[A.I. 2019]
Ques59. The semiconducting material used to fabricate a photodiode has an energy
gap of 1.2 eV. Using calculations show whether it can detect light of wavelength 400
nm.
[A.I. 2017 C]
Ques60.

(a) Three photo diodes 𝐷%, 𝐷" and 𝐷, are made of semiconductors having band gaps
of 2.5 eV, 2 eV and 3 eV respectively. Which of them will not be able to detect light
of wavelength 600 nm ?

(b) Why photodiodes are required to operate in reverse bias ? Explain.

[Delhi 2019]