t-table

Chi square

Standard normal table (z)

The standard error of the sampling distribution measures the No2.
variability or dispersion of the sample means around the population
To solve these probability questions, we can use the Z-score formula
mean. It represents the standard deviation of the sampling
and standard normal distribution. The Z-score measures the number
distribution.
of standard deviations a data point is from the mean.
In simpler terms, it shows how much the sample means are expected
Given:
to vary from one sample to another if multiple samples are drawn
from the same population. Mean (μ) = 20,000 rupiah
Example 1: Grade Point Average (GPA) of Students Suppose you want Standard deviation (σ) = 5,000 rupiah
to estimate the average GPA of all students at a university. You
randomly select several samples of students, calculate the mean GPA a. To find the probability that the price of a cup of hot coffee is under
for each sample, and then calculate the standard deviation of those 25,000 rupiah, we need to calculate the Z-score for 25,000 and then
sample means. This standard deviation is the standard error of the find the area under the curve to the left of that Z-score.
sampling distribution. It tells you how much the average GPA of the
Z = (X - μ) / σ
different samples is likely to deviate from the true population
average GPA. Z = (25,000 - 20,000) / 5,000

Example 2: Student Satisfaction Rating Imagine you want to Z=1

determine the average satisfaction rating of students at a university
regarding campus facilities. You randomly survey different groups of Using a Z-table or calculator, we can find that the area to the left of Z
students, collect their ratings, calculate the mean rating for each = 1 is approximately 0.8413. Therefore, the probability that the price
group, and then calculate the standard deviation of those sample of a cup of hot coffee is under 25,000 rupiah is 0.8413 or 84.13%.
means. The standard error of the sampling distribution in this case b. To find the probability of the price of a cup of hot coffee ranging
indicates how much the average satisfaction rating of the samples from 15,000 to 20,000 rupiah, we need to calculate the Z-scores for
may differ from the actual average satisfaction rating of all students 15,000 and 20,000 and find the area between those Z-scores.
at the university.
Z1 = (15,000 - 20,000) / 5,000
The standard error (SE) of a statistic is the approximate standard
deviation of a statistical sample population. Z1 = -1

The standard error is a statistical term that measures the accuracy Z2 = (20,000 - 20,000) / 5,000
with which a sample distribution represents a population by using
Z2 = 0
standard deviation. In statistics, a sample mean deviates from the
actual mean of a population; this deviation is the standard error of Using a Z-table or calculator, we can find the area to the left of Z = -1
the mean. is approximately 0.1587 and the area to the left of Z = 0 is 0.5.
Therefore, the probability of the price of a cup of hot coffee ranging
No 1. Dan 3
from 15,000 to 20,000 rupiah is 0.5 - 0.1587 = 0.3413 or 34.13%.

c. To find the probability that the price of a cup of hot coffee is above
25,000 rupiah, we need to calculate the Z-score for 25,000 and find
the area under the curve to the right of that Z-score.

Using the Z-score calculated in part a:

Z=1

The area to the left of Z = 1 is approximately 0.8413. Therefore, the

probability that the price of a cup of hot coffee is above 25,000
rupiah is 1 - 0.8413 = 0.1587 or 15.87%.

No 4

no 5

To solve these probability questions, we can use the Central Limit

Theorem, which states that the distribution of sample means
approaches a normal distribution as the sample size increases,
regardless of the shape of the population distribution.

Given:

Population mean (μ) = 3.5

Population standard deviation (σ) = 0.4

Sample size (n) = 40

 p is the probability of success

a. To find the probability that the average GPA of 40 students is less (1 - p) is the probability of failure
than 3.0, we need to calculate the Z-score for 3.0 using the sample
Using the given values, we have:
mean.
n = 50
Z = (sample mean - population mean) / (population standard
deviation / √sample size) k = 10
Z = (3.0 - 3.5) / (0.4 / √40) p = 0.42
Z = -2.5 P(X = 10) = (50C10) * 0.42^10 * (1 - 0.42)^(50 - 10)
Using a Z-table or calculator, we can find the area to the left of Z = - You can calculate this using a calculator or statistical software to get
2.5, which is approximately 0.0062. Therefore, the probability that the precise result.
the average GPA of 40 students is less than 3.0 is 0.0062 or 0.62%.

b. To find the probability that less than 10 alumni prefer to work in

b. To find the probability of the average GPA of 40 students between the industry, we need to sum the probabilities of having 0, 1, 2, ..., 9
3.0 and 3.4, we need to calculate the Z-scores for 3.0 and 3.4 using alumni who prefer to work in the industry.
the sample mean.
P(X < 10) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + ... + P(X = 9)
Z1 = (3.0 - 3.5) / (0.4 / √40)
Each of these individual probabilities can be calculated using the
Z1 = -2.5 binomial probability formula as shown above.
Z2 = (3.4 - 3.5) / (0.4 / √40) No 7,8,9.
Z2 = -0.5

Using a Z-table or calculator, we can find the area to the left of Z = -

2.5 is approximately 0.0062 and the area to the left of Z = -0.5 is
approximately 0.3085. Therefore, the probability of the average GPA
of 40 students between 3.0 and 3.4 is 0.3085 - 0.0062 = 0.3023 or
30.23%.

c. To find the probability that the average GPA of 40 students is

above 3.4, we need to calculate the Z-score for 3.4 using the sample
mean.

Z = (3.4 - 3.5) / (0.4 / √40)

Z = -0.5

Using a Z-table or calculator, we can find the area to the left of Z = -

0.5 is approximately 0.3085. Therefore, the probability that the
average GPA of 40 students is above 3.4 is 1 - 0.3085 = 0.6915 or
69.15%.

No 5.

5. To calculate the probabilities, we can use the binomial probability

formula. In this case, the probability of an alumnus preferring to work
in the industry is 42% or 0.42, and we have a sample size of 50
alumni.

a. To find the probability that exactly 10 alumni prefer to work in the

industry, we use the binomial probability formula:

P(X = k) = (nCk) * p^k * (1 - p)^(n - k)

where:

P(X = k) is the probability of exactly k successes

n is the sample size

k is the number of successes

No 6. B. What is the probability that less than 10 alumni prefer to work in
industry?

6) You construct a 97% confidence interval for the population mean

using a random sample. The confidence interval is 22 < u < 31. Is the
probability that u in this interval 0.97? State your answer(yes or no)
then explain

7) 22 students queued at a coffee shop hace been randomly selected.

SOAL The mean waiting time to order is 100 seconds with the standard
deviation is 25 seconds. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the
1) Draw 2 normal distribution curves (curve A and B) with standard mean wait time of all students when the wait times are normally
deviation A = 2,5 units of scale and deviation B = 1,5 units of scale. distributed.
Determine by yourself the Mean value of these two normal
distribution. Also determine the location of the inflection point on
these two curves. These two curves must be drawn on one x-axis so
8) in canteen, 1000 studebts were randomly selected, of which only
that they are easy to compare. One unit of scale is approximately
300 students drank coffee.
equal to 0,5cm.
a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion od students
who drink coffee.
2) The average price for a cup of hot coffee in the area around
B. Determine the sample size to yield 95% confidence and withib 2%
campus is 20 thousand rupiah. If the price of a cup of hot coffee is
of the true population
normally distributed with a standard deviation of 5 thousand rupiah,
then determine: C. Determine the two critical values(left-tail and right-tail) for an 80%
confidence when the sample size is only 12.
a. probability that the price of a cup of hot coffee is under 25
thousand rupiah

b. probability of the price of a cup of hot coffee ranging from 15 9) write the claim as a mathematical sentence. State the bull and
thousand to 20 thousand rupiah alternative hypothesis and identify which represents the claim
c. probability that the price of a cup of coffee is above 25 thousand a. X university claims that their graduates have an average at least 3
rupiah months on graduation to get work

b. X university claims that 96% of their graduates find work within 6

months of graduation
3) What the standard error of the sampling distribution is and give a
simple example that relates to university in general. c. For claim number (b) above, what type I or type II error be?

4) A university computer faculty students in 2023have an average

grade point average (GPA) of 3,5 and a standard deviation of 0,4. 40
students were randomly selected from the popylation, and the mean
of each sample was determined.

a. find the probability that the average GPA of 40 students is less

than 3.0

b. find the average GPA probability of 40 students between 3.0 and

3.4

c. Find the probability that the average GPA of 40 students is above

3.4

5) forty-two percent alumni from A university prefer to work in

industry. 50 alumni were randomly selected and asked if he or she
would prefer to work in the industry.

a. What is the probability that exactly 10 alumni prefer to work in the

industry?