LINKERS Linkers are also called transitions or discourse markers. They help us establish our ideas explicitly. Linkers make it easy for us to compare, contrast, illustrate, define, and summarize our thoughts and develop coherent Paragraphs. This unit introduces some linkers that help you to write a descriptive paragraph. © What are linkers? Linkers are words that relate one idea or sentence of the text with another. They connect the ideas logically. © Whyare they used? ‘They give direction to the writer. They are also used to guide the reader through his thoughts. They make ‘the meaning specific. ‘© Howto choose a linker? Meaning is the first and the most important criterion in choosing a linker. The second is the logical relation that needs to be made distinctly clear. For example, linkers like because, so and therefore express logical relations which are different from those expressed by although, but and nevertheless. ‘© Whats their use in descriptive paragraphs? It is important to use linkers while describing a person, place or thing. They help us in listing facts chronologically, linking events across time, comparing and contrasting sketches, explaining graphic images and illustrating the main idea. Listed below are some of the important linkers. because, so, accordingly, thus, introduces a ‘We had to wait because, it was consequently, hence, therefore, reason andshows raining. as result similarly, likewise, whereas, but, identifies Life is difficult in extreme polls; ‘onthe other hand, except, by _ similarities similarly, itis horrible near the comparison, when compared to, between two Equatorial regions. equally, in the same way Ideas but, however, yet, still, even Identifies Raj did not perform well in the though, nevertheless, on the differences exam; nevertheless, he got a other hand, otherwise, after all, between two distinction in English. for all of that, onthe contrary, ideas. notwithstanding, in contrast, unlike, whereas, instead of, alternatively, althoughat once, immediately, meanwhile, indicates time and | The bell rang and the students at length, in the meantime, at the frequency of left immediately. same time, inthe end, when, events then, as, before that, after that ‘and, also, even, again, moreover, adds ideas in Itis very hot today; moreover, further, furthermore, similarly, in supportofthe _there is a power outage. ‘addition, as well as main idea for example, such as, for Introduces I think he is very rich; for instance, in this case, in another _illustrationsin example, he gave a hundred ‘ase, on this occasion, inthis supportofthe rupee note to a beggar. situation, in this manner, to mainidea illustrate first, second, third, next, then, shows the There is a students’ procession following, now, at this point, Importance of the today; therefore, they diverted. after, afterthis, subsequently, Ideas bylisting_the traffic. eventually, finally, previously according to the priority inbrief, on the whole, insum,to draws conclusion tt is a love story, the actors sum up, thus bysummarizing performed well, the direction is the ideas excellent, the settings are beautiful; in brief, it isa good film. EXERCISES aw aeN 7. 8. John bought the watch, despite the fact that it was expensive Though he is poor, he is happy. Itwas almost midnight, but | couldn't sleep Alex enjoys telling jokes; ikewise, his son adores funny stories Jack thinks we are ready to begin whereas Tom thinks we still need to wai His problems with his parents are extremely frustrating. Moreover, there seems to be no easy solution for them, The train was late. in spite of this, | managed to reach on time. Mary should stay at home and study. However, she decided to go camping. “Please make something to eat. Meanwhile | will clean.” 10. Although the car is oli ssl reliable.