‘4 Tiue(cilren who ax preschoolers wer ble to coordinate ploy with friend, manage cnfits, nd eep an {ateracton positive intone wee most ike os teenagers fo aa ‘void the negative sibling sterocton tot can sometimes ‘Speaker | Topic | Words that helped you | Person/People | (oun children ono por of anti-social behovon) a) they would”) 5 True From bith, porents can nurture and felp develop talkto these social competencies (or sil by making eye contact [a | ecadenieaty, seating | tutor tut ther babies, offering toys and playing with them) with on asim 2 C43 faetocor (igh bother) amity 2 adopt 3 relationship (correlation i also 2 vin pona cl, | arandod possible, but not elation) & relative pepe a se 5 related 6 nurture 7 confict 8 relation asic musi Bet and 3.2 - immediate family, extended family, family gatherings, 7 sibling rivalry, stable upbringing. active role family oe resemblance, physical resemblance, striking resemblance’ 1 maternal instinct, 1 Incommon ds not appear inthe recaring 2 bond /connection (bond is usally used todescribes Sere eee tT closesnit 2 ties 3 athe 4 temperament Oe 5 stubborn 6 inherited . 4 breakdown 5 between Test practice 6 confit LUstening Section 4 Alex/Alesandra Puctwe 2 seconmodatng 3 sing 4 rate coe ee 3 BNovember/ November 8 6.11 /21.8 5 adolescence 6 rewarding. 7 Interaction ea 23 1 True (Children who experience rewarding Siendship before the Brth of sibling ore Mkely to havea better relationship with tot bother or sster tha endures ‘throughout their childhood) 2 False (When earl friendships ar successul, young children get the chee to master sophisticated social ond emotional sls, ven more thaw thay do wit o arent.) 3 False (Wen povents late to acl, hey doa loraf the work, guring out what thei needs and then tccommadating those needs. Yoweve, this isnot usually the cose hen two children oreintvocting.) m2 5 108 Pak Road 6 grandather T sleeping fling asleep 28 dress / gt dressed 9 Monday (and) Tuesday 10 4:00 / 4pm four stock42 1 behaviour 5 climb 6 make-believe / imagination 4 immature 9 rapid 10 teeth eyes 11 eyes/ teeth 2 skils 2 gestures 3 Todder 4 independent 7 outside world 13 1 acquired 2 imitating 3 unasisted / without support 4s spontaneously § mastered 6 stage, period 1 Verb oun [Adjective develop evelopment | developed / developing ‘operdeveloped ‘gow growth [falipgrown overgrown moture/reech | matty |ratare maturity 2a 2rate 3 peers 4 consequence 5 unparalleled 6 may typicaly 7 abstract 8 concept 22 Childhood renthood cranling nurturing immature overindulgent responsible overpotective rebelious patent throw a tantrum tolerat unsteady 23 1 period 2 growth 3 grew 4 gained 5 rate 6 significantly 3 20 3G 4F SC 6B 7H BA 42 memory reminisce, look back, remind, memorise forget, reminder ries 4 memore memorize 3 remember remind 5 remind remember Answer key Test practice General Training Writing Task + Model answer Dear Siro Madam {ama student at Shefeld University and I recently saw an aiverisement for your eaurse on improving memory. Lam ‘amatuce student as I began working when lished high Schoo, then married and looked after my three children, Heving retumed to studying after a break often years, [am Finding it quite dificult to remember important facts from ‘my course, Ifind that have to concentrate very hard to mmemerise even small amounts af Information, Thave tried Using acronyms to cemind me of important facts, but I stil Find iteathereiffcult.Thave heard about visualisation and association techniques, but [am nt sure how to use these tffctvely and [would be very interested in leasing other strategies, T would be grateful you could give me more detalled Information about the methods that you use onthe course, as well asthe cos and dates of your courses. As Lama Fulltime mother and a parttime student do not have a great deal of free time so Thope you can fer leible hours [think could benefit great dal from your course and look forward to your reply. ‘Yours fithflly a 12 1 variety 2 nutrients 3 servings 4 maintain 5 overweight 6 factors 7 overeating ingredients 13 1 vital 2 dietitians 3 moderate 4 portions 5 skipping 6 curb. 7 appetite 8 eliminate 9 allergy 20 trigger 2a muscle 2 fat 3 blood low 4 carries blood 5 blocked 6 treaiment 7 brain & cure 9 clear 10 risk 22 ony ire} walking logging, unning, swimming, cycling 2.8 brisk) C gradually recommendation pace F overdoing. G recover H alternate FryAnswer key 3 Test practice Te ‘Academic Reading soon wer ssfetve 1 True Ungveistorte tines, the physical changes in leroy ater response to tess were an essential odapttion for bench beneficial ‘meeting natura heats) ‘form Tort 2 Tiue (sess becomes persistent and lolevel, however, opp ~ harmless al parts ofthe bodys stress apparatus the rain, her, Freon any lungs, vessels, and muscles) become chroncalyover-or aa ‘ander ctvoted) 3 Notgiven ifetn Infectious 4 Fase (Some evidence suggest thot repeated release of 4" stress hormone disrupt nam levels of serotonin, and ation oursh wii Serotonin is ‘the nerve chemical hats critical fr feelings obesity obese of well-being. So stress reduces the level of serotonin) 5 Blthase women) with moderate tess ves had the ee pve lowest risk (suicide). and C ae wrong because recommendation | recommend ad there f na comparison made between men and women varesy vary vavious roid inthis study. Ds wrong because wea told: ¢2003, study found ohghec 1s for suicide n women reporting 4a bot (ow and very high sss ‘ 6 B(Aand Care wrong because we are toll: 2002 6 ae sist study in Scotland found no greater risk for actual heart ‘bath ith breath, doth, | bate bese, mouth (i). _isese or heart events even nen who caported higher gro, ath, mouth), | teethe write mento sires. is correct because the text says: men. teeth nth igh tess evel did tend to complon of ches ain 42 1 breath 2 tecthingsteeth 3 heath «birth 5 writhing 6 breathe 5 2 variety of 3 vital 4 overweight 5 prevent 6 obesity 7 recommend & alternate 6 Model answer 1 thinkin some ways we are less than $0 yers ago because obesity was less a problem then. But wee aleo healthier in that we are mere aace of he isk of smoking. Although exercise has become more popula, fewer children participate in spotsthan 50 years ‘ago because now they spend too mich time paying computer games, which were't araund 50 years ag 2 When Twas young my mum cookedall of our meals and she would spend aot of time inthe kitchen. Now tht lve by myself find I'm to busy tceok or shop for food, so tend to eat too much junkfood nowadays 4 Thope that they will top making fod with so many additives ia and that fost food will become alt healthier. [also think there wil be more variety in fast food Be ‘endo goto the hesitalforitmre often than those with fewer stress, Ds incorrect because we are told the men id tend to complain of ches pain) 17 C(Dlerent stress actors moy affect genders different.) 8 8 (the mays women cope with tess may be more heort. protective) 9B (maviolsiess~ not wrkstrass-wososscioted mith ‘mare severe heort disease in women) 10 C (However, there is some hope for sufferers inthis oreo _asrelartin therapy hs been found tcedace tess. levelcand consequently improve the quit af lep) The text algo tells us that a reduction in stress has rot been Shown to help for both A and. 11 A(Gomestules have clearly associated jo dlssatisfction and depression back pain, lthought tsstllunclear stress isa direct cause) 32 B (Sess can have varying effects on eating problems cond weight, Often stress isreotedto weight gain Incontas, some people ofr as of eppetite and consequently lose weight.) 13. A(Gomereseorch suggests thot headache uferers ‘may octally have some boloaical predisposition for translating stress into muscle contoctions42 realist 2 rsktaker 3 pessimist 4 optimist 13 ‘Speaker | work bord oo lvng achive someting ini ifehos ts upsand dows ‘Speaker 2 | lve ie on the edo: fe ove; your quality af ‘Speaker | havea negative ode iis fll of lisoppointnents ‘Speaker 4 | hove positive ouloat an eve feo the ul lead hay ie 2 1 lifetime (one word) 2 living 3 ile fe 5 living 6 Welong(one word) 7 living living Ba 1 True (Probably no one would consider acting to hove the some charocerstice a rol skting or ploying basebal, futmen and women who actos akobby report feign intense onse of belonging to. group. much the same way. thers doin ploying sports) strong = intense; eeing = False (And activities provigng the songest sense o competition areaat spars but cad, orcade and computer ‘games, he ound) taking part in = prtcpatng in: desire to win = sense of competition True (co colectng. fulfil thernee for ‘reotiity) satises people's dsie = ull ei need making things =cretivty 14 Fala (but nao explains wy sting ceo peat to people.) attracts = appeals to True (Fishing, generally considerd more ofan outdoor recreational activity, for example isa form of sel amresson lik quilting or stomp llecting, becouse i ives geople the apperfuniy to express some aspect of theirpersonalty) te typeof person you are = your personality 32 1 personal fulment 2 insight 3 aspect 4 leisure activity, hobby, recreational actviy $day routine Answer key aa make a decision, make change, make a choice, meet ‘need, miss a chance, miss an opportunity, play 2 roe, put pressure (on), seta goal, take a chance, take an ‘ppartuniy 42 Everyday ie tday fs much more complicated than inthe past Even in our leisure tne we have to tke make so many choices about what to door even what ta watch on TV. We areeften spoilt for choice and this can leave us feeling confused and cssatised We all know that itis Important to get achieve balance between work ad ply. but many of us do nat succeed. Instead, we meke put extra pressure for ourselves by trying tobe a sucessful in ‘ur wrk if asin our personal fe Life nthe past was much simpler as many people worked to get meet theirbasie needs, Today, for many of us, our job snot ust @way of making if ving. For many, work plays an important ral n aur everyday Ife and gves usastrong sense of personal fulfiment. What is more, we have Become much more materialistic. Many people get set themeelves goals such a buying anew house or car and so we measure aur success bythe material things we own. Desiring these luxuries is what motivates us to work much harder than nthe past, 0 In many ways wo eee chose this way of ite We have worked hard to improve our standard ftvng butit may have come at a ory Fgh price We need to take make some changes in our priorities so that faily ‘occasions ore as important as business meetings. We ‘Should also make take every possible opportunity to relax ‘and enjoy ou leisure time. Once you have given made the ‘decison todo this, you should find that your quality of ie also improves. My ultimate aims to have a happy family Ife, If get achieve this goal then 1 know 1 will ot egret any chances I have fos mised to stay longer at the fee Test practice Listening Section 2 hobby 2 car 3 kitchen & presents gits 5 elderly 6 projects 7 Internet 8 library 9 active busy 10 12/ twelveAnswer key Munits 12 overcome 2 study 3 concentrate / study 4 organise 5 taking studying 6 learn 7 doing B revise 9 review 10 taught 13 1 studious 2 distractions 3 tackground noise 4 project assignment 5 revise 6 curriulum T eeview 8 strogle 14 2'find out 3 know 4 learned 5 know 6 study 7 learn how 8 learn from 2a ‘ther possible answers are inital, 1 kindergarten f nursery 2 primary elementary 3. junior 4 wade 5. senlor 6 scholarship / grant Thigh /seconday (igh schol» US and Australia secondary schol = UK) 8 private / public (UK) 9: single-sex 10 mixed 22 Subject Person Adjective ‘architecture | architect ‘orchtectural erchoeoloay [archaeologist [archaeological biology biologist biological economics ‘economist mee reloed to saving money fuel) geology geologist geotogco! geography | geographer geogrophicol jeornatism | furnoist journalistic languages fingust linguist low enyer legal ‘mathematics? | mathematicion | mathemaict maths [science | seiemist scientific 136 23 2 architectural 3 linguist, 6 geoeraphy 3a topic 2 thesis 3 (curten)literture 4 knowledge 5 relevant 6 limits scope 7 controversies 8 financial resources 9 funding/ grant 10 tutor 32 tissertotion = thesis, osier = more straightforward, wide ad, fed of study = are of specialisation / research ‘area estoblish = ascertain, consider = ask yoursl think about = take ito account sul = fnngs 4 assignment, consideration, concentrate, controversy (UK) ‘or contversy (US), conduct distraction, dissertation, canomist, educational, educated, research (0), hess theory, heortical 4 economic 5 journalism Test practice General Training Reading Section 2 18-20 3E 4 education authority 5 case manager 6 research area 7 18 months 4 academic institution Test One (Unit oumbes in rockets show the unit where the vocabulary tested can be found) TB(Units) 12 C(Unit2) 22 (Unie) 2 8(Uniet) 2 ACUnit2) 22 ACU) 3 D(Unita) — 13 BEUnits) 23 C (Unita) 4 A(Unit 1) — 14 A(Unit3) 24 D(Unit 4) 5 B(Unita) 15 D(Unt3) 25 B (Units) 6 BUnita) 16 B(Unie3) 26 A(Unts) 7 Alunita) a7 A(Unita) 27 D(Units) 8 C(Unit2) 18 B(Unit3) 28 B(Unts) 9 D(Unit2) 19 D(Unita) 29 DCUnit5) 10 A(Unit2) 20 B(Unita) 30 C (Unit) 12 ‘(ot the beginning). FG13 1 translate 2 accuracy 3 language barier 4 native speaker 5 fluency 6 fiction 2a 1 You can say that agin (= otly agree with you) 2 having said that (= despite this) 3 There is something tobe said for(=Ithas ome aevantages) 4 to say the least = iis fact even more important than have ust said) 5 Wher al said and done (= After everything else: remember this) 6 Needless to say (= This sto be totally expected) 1 Thats to say (= Inather words) 8B havea say (~be involved in makng a decision) 22 1 tote shone tls 2 speaking saving 3 telaboot alk bout tell you aut 4 telkspeak 5 seid spoken 6 soy shows 23 1 recall (-rememted 2 express 509) 3 stutter = speak with fly posing atthe start of ord repeating th beginning) 4 conjecture («guess ot based 0 proo?) 5 demonstrate (show aw someting wors) 6 states) 7 gesture (- sing your hands to hep youconmunicotean 32 2 False ~itwos spantoneaus 3 True it became more sophististed, 4 Falee (hey de aot develop a wayof itinguishing eft from right) 5 True (must hove some in meaning) 42 (Other possible answers a inital. 1 accuracy grammar 6 explain 2 fuent 1 allow J scerstond | camprebend 3 speak/ tak 8 frst fate nterdency to link gestures to Answer key 4 native 9 pronunciation 5 speak 10 pronounce Test practice Academic Reading 1 C(Pinpainting the arign of onquoge might seem ite le speculation) 2 D(FOXP2... may be about 200,000 years old) 3, B how col ur sprees Home spins ancestors colonise the ancient wor spreading fram Arca to Al, ndperhpe making a short eo crssng dorsi, tito onguege?) 4 Alievertieless, te compery of human expression may ove strted of o¢ ingle stges in onnol theiog ‘robe solving For exompte, number processing (how ‘any ans re wevp ogont?) '5-l@pes ore rein on gaming fo stick ogee. and thot scaly constrains ter soll complexity rows of 50 6 B Davidson ond Noble, who ret Ounbor’s goss theory, suggest thot thre nas. signet nrese trains fam abou 400000 year ga) 7D (GieleGastion..rqus tha gos hos acquired @ tod noms 8 8 (Wiliom Note ond on Dovidson .concade that longuage isa featur of notomialy modern huros. and on essentio precursor ofthe earliest sybotc pietures in rockon tual burial. major sea-rasios, Structured shelters ond berth ldo, they orgue, {athe (os 100000 years) 9 A(Mare Hauser nother words econ ately tack {onguage by loking atthe behovou of ater animals 10 € (Ounboc rote tat jut as grooming eases opiotes ‘hat reotea eting of melbing i monkeys and pes ‘odo the sles ond laughter associated with oman banter) 1B ili Hable ond an Dovdson. ook fr the niginofanguoge in early symbol behaviour andthe ‘oltionary selection in fe otorcontol. Farexamole, throwing ond moting stone tos could hove develaged ino simple gestures ik pointing! eventual ertaled A sense of self oworenes. They rq tht ongaage is 1 for of sbolc communication ha as roots in beoviowe evolution) 12 E (Dean Falk saggest tot, efor the fest smattering flonquoge there wos moherse thot music auaig letneeno mother and her baby) 13 C(obin Dunbar. ees they mere probabil. boul ech ote, in athe words - gossiping) aAnswer key 14 (Dunbar orgues tho gosso provides the soci tue exiting humans oven cakesive groups up tothe sizeof about 150) Wiunit7_ 12 ‘Speaker | Type of | Words that helped you decide place Tr fewrat ust, vilage countryside sen ace fresh a, lepy, focal produce ‘eostal | Beach sev wotr crystal cear Sea, sur eter sports, sorting, cuba ding dee shi 3 farton | styscrpes shopping als caemoposto, vac ans, plc transport sports stadium, olted 2 | mountainous above se level overoo, volley, plese, crisp a step, erhotng 13 A364 U1 UZ 14 Trends 2 of of 3 peaked & traveling reached 5 low 6 lows/ troughs Bat 2a ‘Thanks to modern transport people can now journey travel lot more easly than inthe pas, However, modern-day {ip travel alo has its problems: ports can be very crowded and there ar often long queues of people wating to collec ther oggases luggage /sulteases. One vay to ‘make this jo eases ote a colurful ribbon around each of your topgage suiteases / pieces of laggage so they ar easier to spot onthe conveyor belt. i you are going ‘way ona short journey trp of ony afew days then you ‘may beable tolimit yourself to hand luggage and save ‘even more time. For longer trove, Journeys / trips, make sure you take plenty of snacks anc erinks, especially f you are tp traveling with small children 7 peas, troughs 22 Vitierary 2 inadvance 3 acess 4 peak 5 essential 6 identification 7 fuctuate 8 destination 38 23 Transport 2 remote 3 effect 4 tourists 6 touism 7 trend 8 eco-tourism 5 affects Model answer Travelers should always treat the places they visit 5 well asthe local inhabitants, with respect. If people behave ina responsible way whether they are at home o broad then the Benefits of increased tourism should far outweigh the negatives. 3 ‘silerinbi) —[valesinpue) —[alosincup) journey tourism county ten fount double journal enough roogh trouble sewhoro aulorneow) —[ofesinnad | x sinball) oundary cough ‘ought doubt ‘rough course rough ought south Test practice General Training Reading Section 1 1 E (Theve oe beautiful Beaches, coastal villages, anspolt ‘coves ond bays, cleo turquoise waters, breathtaking Scenery, mutans) 2 D(whale watching) 3 C (He cn prove top-quality choles, hotels or partments) 4 (Our holiday re idea for young people rvelig by. themselves) 5 Ching and snowboarding ore es mec the mony coctvives on ofr) 6 (Theres pent to see ana do nd fame are porteulerly wel catered for) 17 Gudetaccommedation, wee sure you wil at fd beter valu elsewhere) 18 B (our fvestor hotel)Bunits. 12 1C 2838 13 1 lose (all) ack of time 2 savetine 3 spend ime 4 timeconsuming 5 took so ong (not sotongsime) 6 the ight time one 7 intine 8 take my time 14 after 2 before 3 before 4 before 5 (one) after (another) 6 before 7 before 8 (very soon after 24 1 800086 (see timeline) 2 radlacarbon dating (sact dtes are not possible, since dots ore inferred from minute charges in physical measurements, suchas the radiocarbon doting method) 3 Gin the) 1960s Un the 19608 a ¢or pork wo uit over these) 4 hunter-gatherer (the hunter gathers tha erected the postles) 5 because ithas eroded (Many visits to Stonehenge fll to natice the ‘henge’ since the aich and bon have been greatly eroded over the possing ileria) 22 1 peciod 2 ancient 3 spanned 4 prehistoric 5 chronologically 6 phase 7 erwled 8 millennia 9 excavation 10 er@ 11 predate 23 1 chronological? the Middle Ages 3 ancient 4 eo 5 age 6 consecutive 32 1 nostalgia nostalgic; leek backwards lookback 2 themedermtime the modern age /modern limes history historial 4 stage period: ge-backintimes go tackin time peed ge Answer key ‘Test practice LUstening Section 4 5000 BC historical evidence ancient Egyot olive il onions onions folie oft historian extract Middle Ages modern units 44 Possible answers: 1 elephant giraffe, on, hippopotamus. ostrich, rhinoceros 8 carnation, das, ly rose tulip apple, banana, grape, grapefrut, mango, melon, orange, pear, pineapoe 1 emu, echidna, dingo, kangaroo, koala, platypus gum, maple, aa, pine, palm F aubergine o eggplant, broccoli, courgette or zucchini, Carta, cauliflower, ea, pumpkin potato 12 ‘rims ‘oot, low eo, foun, faz, | fathers be, horn, pow Plants “ranch fo, petal rot, ‘hr, wig, unk, regetaton [trunk canbe part of tee or on an elephant. Coat, Feathers ft, hie and soles areal associated with the skin ‘or covering of animals 13 2 animal 3 human 4 nature 5 animal 6 naturel 7 natueal 8 human 14 Lsembarid 2 vegetation 3 burrows/dens 4 den 5.6.7 insects/spidersfsnals(in any order). 8 roots 139Answer key 24 2 soll (the others are verbs) 3 crop (the others are single plans) 4 ehemical (the athers mean withut chemicals) 5 arid (the others areal wet climars) 6 tropical (theaters ac al dry climates) 7 intadiced (the others alert things that naturally belong to an area) 22 1 True (pesticides = chemicals to il pests) 2 True (paddock = Reds) 3 Trus eradiceted = tiled of) 1 False (native is the opposite of introduced) 5 False (very sucessful she oppsiteof catastrophic) 23 L'winerable 2 repercussions 2 become resistant ‘4 endangered 5 extinct 6 gentically modified 7 disastrous 8 ecological balance 24 [own [adecve [Adve | vos ruta | ort | ieutaly ccxogy | coal _| elec roan |evoronry re cation enn bacon et rare [ntl | ately ects? [occ |oneey sees 3 1 crops 2 genetically modified. 3 eacate 4 agriculture 5 insets 6 pesticides 7 sol 18 vegetation 9 habitat 10 become resistant 10 11 ecological balance 12 endangered 4 ‘adapt agriculture catadraphe chemical Climate disastous endaygered genetically human natural wlneable Test practice Academic Reading 18 (Such questions ore not ust codemic. thes now which maramale or elated so bo youcoo make ‘accurate inferences abou one nonrmol rom another mammal’ development) ao 2 C(The4 known speces ore native to Afica ana parts ofAsia as wellas Europe Some hibernate trough cold winters inthe arth Others tolerate desert eet ner the ‘equotor Some lve inurbon areas, adopting welt vag In close proximity to umans. Others ve in areos that ankomong the mast remote places on the planet, 3 F negereeived thveot can ok them rllup, including the approach of biologist, So eseorhers hove invented ‘anew measurement fr the animols bal nath 4 E (Veterinarian tying funderstons gum disease in domesticated hedochoas hove concluded thatthe varied ‘het of wld hedgebogs ives ther more tan nutrition the hard bois of nsct aso srope the hedgehogs teeth clean) 5. (Cart the action i ht many ool simply love hedaehogs.portieulerly in Brito, Bu past the tation oso voted in scence, Studies pave elved, ‘make clear tot are goed for gore 6 8 (Recent clef stucies about hedgehogs have helped explain mysteries es voried os why hedgehogs opoly sala to ther entire bodes, how they have survived on the plone for 30 milion yeors, why they chew oie ood skin ond what secrets they nay held bout evolution.) 7D edgebogs sper much of her time alone ut Reeve says it would be mistake to think ofthe os solitary. ‘Nadgchage do approach each othr ond con detect he presence of ehers by thei scent he says. Tis tue that they usualy ont interac of close quarters, bu thot doesnot mean they are unaware of he neighbours. They may occasionally scrap over food items ond rival males atracted toa female may also hove aggressive imtecactions) 8 (Fore hing, scents think they haen' even ciscovered al he hedgehog species. ‘We know oft est wy 9 D (hedgehogs meet primarily to mate, producing liters Tauro five hoglets 0 often as twice year) 10 8 (volunteers prcked themseves with gulls from redgehags thot hod cooted themselves ater chewing on ou tad sins. The volunteers found those gulls ich mor tating ond ov han clean ones 11. B there eno mention of this inthe text) 12 B (insome places todo, scientists ore coming tthe same conclusion. hedgehogs were introduced tothe Hebrides Itads.. Wife researcher have watched the fedgehons edoce the numbers of care ground nesting. ‘wading bird by feostng onthe e9gs) 13D (@ritain's conservationists who have countered with strategies orelocte tonal.)Munitso _ 42 commercial. 2 astronauts 5 atmosphere 6 weightlessness 7 explorers 3 launch 4 simulator 8 cuter 43 Vareality 2 undergo 3 gravity 4 acclimatise 5 propel 6 inexcessof 7 float & reentry 14 exploration 2 atmospheric 3 gravitational 4 underwent 5 simulates 2a {Earth 2 oceans 3 coud 4 thunderstorms 5 Pluto 6 solar system 7 rings eons & moons ings 22 rotates 2 surface 3 atmosphere 4 sustain 55 shuttle 6 compasition 23 own adjecive catosphere catmosoeri palo gales groviy rovbtonat vin vicnal tenor [solar | stl Earth ‘eresriol ohare vives 2 V horizon 2 galaxy 3 meteor & lunar 5 universe 6 horizontal 7 universal 8 Solar 3 1 False (unmanned) 2 False (inevitable) 3 Tue (uniohabited) Answer key 4 1 planet 2 universe 3 solarsystem 4 space 5 land 6 satelites 7 debris & float 9 spacestation 10 outer 5 Btmasshere commercial explorer exploration val hosizon horizontal outer Satelite solarsystem sustain universal Test practice Listening Section 3 1B (bt here re some important things thot space exploration can teach as, you know, especially about the history of our own plet and its atmosphere) 2 C (Robots jot cantract to stuotons independent the ‘way thot humons do. They stil eed uso el them what tod) 3B (olotofthe space technology nowadeys is actully based on the technology they used nthe 970s) {Ale et problem is siply how ar away its) 5A Joh hundreds ond thousonds of years ago the “ancient ciation: thot bul the pyramid or that began building enormous cathedols must have started the project never expecting to seit rished, think we should take the some approach Susan: That's an interesting pint, tough st not convinced) 6 (Susan: Surly you don't forese atime when humans live on Mors, that’s jst science tion Jotn think there is cstnc poss that humans wiv here) 7 C (Susan: Even thedirton the ground could il as. Joh: Yes, agree wit you there) 8 C (Susan: uppose the ground does asocontin oto ‘resources, so getting metals woud’ be problem. John; Tha’ right, ol! of blng material oul be found there) © B (Susan: don't think hee willever Be o way to shield ts totally rom cosmic rocaton Even inside spaceship. Jahn: can't agre wth you there) 10 C (hn: ut you hove to accep that itis within the ‘realms of possiblity thot one dy there wil bo Morton space ttn. Susans Wel, hove ever oth in science and Mors does seem foe the next rte So yes, Imagine we wil eventully send space sion there) aAnswer key Test Two (Unit carers n brackets show the unitwhere the vocabulary tested cn be found) 1 D(Unit6) 11 C(Unit7) 2AUUnit6) — 12 AlUnit7) 3 C(unite) 13 B(Unit8) 4 (Unite) 34 BlUnit8) 5 C(unite) 15 O(Unit8) 6 D(Units) 16 A(Units) 7 D(Unit7) — 47 DLUnit) 8 C(Unit7) 18 B(Unit8) 9 A(Unit7) 19 A(Units) 10 B(Unit7) 20 C(Unit 9) M@unita __ 12 1a traditional brick house 2 alovely high-ise apartment 3 small country cottage 21 B(Unit9) 22 D(Unit9) 23 C(Units) 24 C(Unit 9) 25 A (Unit10) 26 C(unit30) 27 O(Unit30) 28 A(Unit10) 29 D(Unit 10) 30 D(Unit 10) c 1 nits conventional, pical 2 the lving oom (itis ight ond oy) 3 curved 32 2 Tive (hoisted = ited, houtng = paling) 3 Faloe (they used poforms) 4 False (or storage) 5 False (they were made of tet) 6 False (they were i theif sho) 7 True (loss of tension = slack, trigger = activate, device» contraption) 8 False (rame= support strvture, it was intern) 9. Twe (construction method = building technique, shyseropes = very tall bulldings) 20 Tue (landmark = tll or distinctive fetures or billings that help to locate where you are) 33 20 3A 4H 56 6E 78 BC small (romped) 5 constuction 3 2a renovated 2 condemned 3 devised 4 maintain sw ran acd Ta ee eee | as te aa Jemer[esmees | | mame aor core lear oo | fe Emre mee aaah ouaalae eee balcony | ultra-modern, ‘construction {construction | construct | constructed ise (lat) | concrete state-of-the art, es a ‘and steel faoctional, -— | lear aac = one : . ee 3 small (cosy) 36 1 new (state-of-the-art) : design ‘thas a space fo suit every purpose snnovative : ro (his building tomers over everything else) ua 6 engineering 7 constructed 8 occupied 9 structureAnswer key 4 13 A(Theter home of tamerro’ frst come into usage in 1z 2238 4252 6278 88 9s 107 Test practice ‘Academic Reading 1 vi(Thiesection als about two previous ideas ofthe 4. future house which were not popular as wellastheidea 3 that eventually became popular) a 2 v (This section refers to thefact tat the tehen was the centre of the home oftomorrew’ and would be fll, of the technology of tomorcow that would ‘automate thei lives ond automation become 2 synonym for reduced domestic labor) 4 il (This section refers to appliances that help mento help with the housework) 4 (now the tend wos a ook aclword fr the ature bck to proud pioneer heritage. I stark contras othe 1950s, ‘lt: fshiond sn longer ved ina pejorative oy itis seen oso cherished value) 5 iv (Botiroom spas and gyms, compaterled kitchens, wide Screen entertainment, even home decethegues 07 ol! ‘an the woy ..The tne Between wert andlesure became blurred inthe 19805 Forget about ot being abet ft exercise ito etc workday, in 982, you can work ond workout simutomeovel) NB For questions 6-13, dnt confuse the letters used in Mlunit 12 _ 14 the 19205 to describe the ‘idea house for future ving’) 22 and 1.3 (the words for 1.3 2 in brackets) B (user-rensy) 5 C (the lates) A(sandard, telephone keypad) 6 C (download) A (alsplays, automaticaly) the Box of options with the letters used forthe diferent 4.5 paragraph in the text, A halrdeyer 8 word processor blender 6 D (Over the 1970s, North America experienced certain caleulators E cishwasher erosion of trust in science and techology) 1 Alinthe 19205. noss-praduced, prefabricated house 8 E (By the 19805 outside ofthe home.) i 9 Clin Februery 1950... they oso predicted thot the housewife of the ftire woud cle her house by simply 2 ‘unin the hose on everyting Furishings, rugs, draperies and unsratchbleflearswculd al be mode of synthetic obrc or waterproof pas) 10D (We ols see the mftuenc of te Green movement 3 uch as nthe deployment of tecology for solr heated homes. The energy rss was mating ist fe) 4 11 C (The overriding message ofthe 1950s vision ofthe house ofthe futures that one cov aceess the wonders of 5 the utr through the purchase demestc technology. today... by fous! on improving technology.the 6 ure becomes strctiyo mate things, the invention ‘improvement, ond ocqu0n) 12 C (Housenives in 50 years maywosh diy dishes-right dn the drain! Cheap plate wuld mel in hot water) slgnifcanty move women wereworking 2 Processor and calculator end in or 4 ‘es ([osome extn they were right, especoip when comes to children and cyber addition ) No Ain offer enzoged «society mosh th free time: The outa otedthat time ot work od bee it in aif since the torn ofthe previous centr and nana. culated hat would ect nlf again by 2000) No our godge filed domes oo bute tothe various vison the future) Yes The domesterobo never qu Roppened thy ay. asnllberedundont) No (Teco of cous os aed ive up roour expectations) Yes (The tadution ofthe lephone ost century changed our wert ody mabilephoes on the virtual nolo the ntret hve revolatiansed i.) 3Answer key 22 1 speculated 2 device, gadget 3 prototype 4 vitual 5 euttingedge 6 supassed 7 digital 8 monitor 9 cyber 23 1 wireless connection 2 remotecontol 3 laboursaving 4 cyberspace 5 automatic plot 6 silicon chip 2 1 advanced /high/ modesn/stele-of-theart/ cutting: edge leading-edge 2 gadgets / appliances / devices 3t0 4 connection 5 programs 6 use 7 technological / digital / computer 8 latest, 8 0 computerisation by US. Lew's=US K 12 1B athisrateour cute il appear ctogete and sellolend yp eating the some Nand food) 2 Aolotofpeple are reed ob glabaiisotin andthe ‘npocitcouléhaveon the ocolpeopt, ut actly In beginning fo think work th cher woy around) 3 Klond lobol pcr ore actully more popular thon ‘burgers 4 Klglabaisatien could mean tha: we nd ving 2 more intresting ond mutica i) 5B the sof ceinks mare ool dominated by ast ono” wo big companies) {6 A Without lobalization international cmponies just wouldn't merge lie that) 7 B(They wont tose something xtc nat he some cons they seal oroud them at hom) 8 A (Fdoubt local people fee they relsing thet atonal. dentist becouse o fast food outlet has opened up) 108 9. KUAnd anyway, thence thing about its thot in mony laces, these chain have to change the food they elo Suite local ult. So there salt of give ond tke ‘going on and you stil get cultural diversity fo some tent.) 20 (guess none big multinational has a mangpoly over the fasion market either does it?) 13 2 local 3 globally 4 multicultural 5, multinationals, s dominated by 5 merge 7 exotic. icons B atonal identity 9 cultural diversity 10 havea monopoly over 14 own ‘Aajective ulus cult tity ethnic lobo aba! nderioton ‘modern multe muleuloral rotion rationl rbonistion| ban 2a 2"Yes Tere hove een any projection about tbe Jatre wich withthe benef Nag, sem oer tious) 43 Wo. mony people odoy oe more sceptcolabout recent predictions) 1 Yes (ne of he few oes ahi ong term ends con be ley sen sn demographic stasis) 5 Ys (Some sce hove bth testo ore aeody lacing ter poplin info bolt decline 6 No (on nensng proportion wll moving into od oge) 1 Yes Gn ol gehen hy ae les productive) 8 Yes ik the end oe ely tobe prolonged, to dso fectorn human inflence) 22 2 ook back ond understand = with te bene of bndsight 3 firmly believe in (opp) are sceptical aboutsocieties toto obslute 6 percntage= proportion; ovina (opp increase 7 workless = or ess productive 8 take into account = actor nthe fc = influence 5 countries 23 The raph splays shows the actual population of Australia in 2002 and the projected figures of 201. The per ‘ont percentage of people aged 15-24 s predicted to fal signifeantly during this period, wile there wil be an Increase of nthe percentage of people aged 55-64, 12002, just under 15 perentage % pe cent of the ‘opulation was aged between 15 and 24, while in 2101 this ‘is predicted to drop 1 approximataly 10 per cent. 2 ends 2 population 3 compounded 4 ageing 5 challenges 6 present 7 elderly 8 factors 9 rates 10 migrating. 11 declining 12 implications Ba 'N leon, global local, culture B= national, sceptical, (C= international, mlkicltral, multinational = domestic projection = globalisation, modernisation F = isolation, implication, population Test practice ‘Academic Writing Task Model answer The chart shows the average GOP growth per decade for three diferent types of countries over a period of 40 yeas. In he 19605 the figures forthe wealthy countries ‘wece by far the highest at close to fie percent per annum, This gue is double that ofthe non laba countries and three times that ofthe countries operating ona global level. However, bythe 1970s his trend had changed considerably; the glabalisers doubled their annual GOP ‘over this pried and there ws also an increase inthe GOP ofthe norglabal countries, while he wealthy countries fell to tree percent per yer Inthe 1980s and 90s, 2s, technology made globalisation evereasier, the downward trend fr the wealthy countries cont ued falling toa lw of two per cet atthe end ofthis pind, For he countries who resisted using a global approaci to business, the GDP fal sharply o jst under one per cnt inthe 19805 and rose only sighlly inthe 19905 to 1 percent. On the other hand forthe countries that embraced globalisation, the Munit1g —_ Answer key GDP figures tase significantly throughout tis time, and by the 19908 had more than matched the GOP figures forthe wealthy countries ofthe 1960s, [ett words) 4a Tao muh 0 te can be use with uncountable nouns traffic time, money, space, work rubbish Too many | too few canbe used with countable nouns: people 12 They tlk about work and trafic and to imted extent, 13 face dealwith cause tackle address. raise resolve present identify 14 1 facing 2 adress them [resolve deal with / tackle (Jace up tois also possible) 3 caused 4 raised / addressed / tackled 5 reslve 6 presented (ooseds also possible) 15 Fina solution. overcome a dificult, solve or solve a problem, remedy a situation, resolve an issue or problem, reach o find compromise 16 2 resove find slution 3 Solve cnrcome this dificult 4 Sein sled ested the problems, found slution tothe problems 5 solve each finda compromise 17 1 beneft (= advantage) 2 setback (= problem) 3 enhance (=mprove) 4 aggravate (= mote worse) 5 linge (= stoya fog me) 18 ‘double-edged long-sighted longterm shortsighted shortterm one-sided longterm, 2 shortterm 3 onesided 4 shortsighted 5 double-edged 145‘Answer key 2a + booming / enormous / staggering 2 staggering 3 enormous basic 5 adequate / decent 6 decent /basc/ adequate 7 pressing enormous / catastraphieB catastrophic 22 {inhabitants 2 developing watiens 3 urbanisation 4 overpopulation 5 infrastructure 6 slums, ‘received margin! rewocd forthe efforts. Dis wrong because we are tld The 1875 Public eal Act had given lool authorities a legol responsibilty to remove ‘and dispose of domestic waste is correct because: the Tost years ofthecentury sow a solation fo the opporently insoluble problem of what to do with therefuse of Britain's cites. the incinerator) Miunitss __ 23 [Noun Verb Adjective tae copii [emt ee] Sawn: poe Seer tes ceecie_|oes enti | Sit? sempre Sr ps daw |e ae_| Senet Spe h ‘soation [alte soloed 43 - et) a [a E : Safes ee Se me a rrr [ot im]. fe fata 22 a 1 competing: poverty: isolated 2 tolerant include: exclude 3 take responsibility: responsible; poor 4 sound: accepted, crowded, exclude, included, slate, resolved, solved sound: developed, overpriced, oerworked stvessed Test practice Academic Reading 1 clthing clothes J apparel 2 building materials 3. metal 4 paper 5 (raw) materials 6 the poor 1 industilisation 8 private contractors 9 dustyardls) 10.811 dust J cinders (in any ord) 12 fuet 13 sea 14 C (As wrong because we are old: "under a ircumstonces dust sorting I arty ond disagreeable nar Bis wrong because weare tld: The workers oso 146 ecosystems 2 environmental 3 emissions 4 acid 5 greenhouse G enbeust 7 drought & biodiversity 9 contaminated 10 deforestation 11 erosion 12 fertilizers 13 waste 22 2 vital 3 unprecedented 4 devastating 5 Insoluble 6 immune 7 pervasive & inexorably. nevitaly 9 chronic 10 taxing 1 (beingtheatened by oso possible) 2 pollution 5 in danger of 5 contanation 6 sustainable 7 atrsk 8 recyclable 9 disposal 10 polutams| 42 2 lnrelevant 5 irreparable 2 uncelated 3 unreasonable 4 irresponsible 6 reversible 7 icepaceable5 2 saluse 3 confer 4 conflict $ present 6 presents 7 progress B progess 9 Increase 20 increase Test practice ‘Academe Writing Answer Model answe The lowehart shows how aluminiun cans are recycled Fist, the cans need tobe taken to special collection Centos instead of being thrown anay with the normal refuse. The cons are collected from here andaken toa factory where they are fist sorted and then cleaned. Next, the cans are shredded and crushed ina special machine ntl they fm ane sli lock. The metas then heated toa high enough temperature to allow the aluminium to smelt Its then rolled ou fat toa hickness of between 2.5mm and 6mm, depending on wiat it's going to be used for. The alumilum snow ready tobe recycled into new packaging, suchas crnk conaines. Finally, the new cans Bre delivered toa sft drinks factoy where they are filed The cans can now be sold to the public and reused In the UK. 74 per ent of all aluminium ces that ae sold are recycled, [a0 words] Test Three (Unit rambers in brackets show theunit where the vocabulary tested con be found) TO(Unitit) a1 D(Unitz2) 21 C(Unit14) 2 D(Unit1a) 23 C(Unit 14) 2 C (Unit) 3 Bunt) a2 A(Unit22) 43 O(Unit13) 4 A(Unitat) — 14 A(Unit4s) 24 A(Unit 4) 5 o(Unitat) 15 C(Unitas) 25 C(Unit35) 6 C(unit 18) 16 B(Unit13) 26 B (Units) 7 Alusit12) 47 D(Uni13) 27 B(Unie15) B A(Unit 2) 9 C(Unit 12) 10 8 (Unit 12) 18 8 (Unit 3) 39 (Unit 20 A(Unit 14 28 C(Unit18) 29 A(Unit15) 30 0 (Unit15) aa TC 2€ 38 4B 5A 13 1 save (conserves also possible). 2 efcent 3 eflec impacts also possible) 4 atmosphere 5 absorb 6 counter /ffset 7 ofset/ counter Answer key 2a {Vearbon dioxide 2 fossil fuels 3 exhaust fumes / emissions 4 renewable 5 solar power, wind power 68 22 1 fumes 2 alternative eco-friendly 3 ecotrendly/ alternative solar 5 emit 6 greenhouse gases 7 converting plant 9 fuel 10 engine 23 2 True (These vehicles emi only woter vapour) 3 False critics soy that. convertng enstig petro stotions toydogen wil prove ta cost) 4 False (These fuels are based on pon lls ond so canbe gown) 5 False (Diesel said 'the use of vegetable ils fo engine fuels ‘may seem insignificant today) 2 2 electricity (the others areal alternative energy sources and ae renewable) 3 emission (the athers areal adjectives that describe reduced energy use) Carbon (the others are all diferent terms used for petrol) retain (retin means o keep or store, the others all mean the opposite) 6 disposable ths means that you tow it away, the others an be made agin) 7 haste (thie an adjective meaning sever, the others areal verbs meaning decrease) extend (this means to cause someting tls longer, the ‘others are mean to use or use up) 9 reserve (this means to Booka table ro sot orto keep Something fora particular time but cannot be used with egy, The others all mean the same as save and can be used with the ward energy) Test practice Academic Reading 1 Afamous county ond western singer Wile Meson. the seof biodiesel through his own Billie rand) 2 Cs European dives or clearly doing ~ lf ofthe new. ‘ars sold there now run on stondrd diese) 3B ethanol which contains only two-thirds of the enesov af ‘esolne) 4. ance ositch biofuels would demond no new technology and would nat sianiiconly seduce the diving. ongeo car or tuck) wrAnswer key 5A (The main source of biodiesel pont oil derived from Crops suchas rapeseed. Consequenty, the burden on freshwoter soles would be immense) 6 Ho given (although we are told its avalable, we are not given any information about how many Americans current use it) Yes (considerably mae thon the400 milion aces curently under cutivation) {8 No (Oil pons. reduces the ln? requirement ufo) No (Conservationists have been warning that palm cil production poses aire teat the dining population of rong-tons) 10 Yes (They aso grow much moreapidy) 11 Not given (wea told his progam uses sunlight (solar energy) but there sro compar son made) 12 Yes (1 nea ofl fa! own nutrients int olga’ 13 C(AX this Is sown to be doukeul at presen; BX only alternative fuels are discussed:C 7 the suitability of Several diferent fuels is assessed: D X although other Countries are mentioned, theres no suggestion that they should work together) Mlunitsz 12 ‘Speaker [Industry | adjectnes 1 etl! neil monotonous 2 hospitality | demanding. exhausting 3 ulting | pysica, menu 4 advertising | ewig 13 {wages 2 redundant 3 workpace 4 shit work 5 staf 6 retire 7 overtime 8 earn/ are paid 9 salary 10 jb ststction 14 1 unemployed 2 employees 3 Unemployment 4 employed 5 employer 2a T market 2 consumers [customers 3 packaging 4 trend 5 credibility 6 persunde 7 brand 8 products m8 3a economical 5 earnings 2 Income 3 money 4 money 32 2'jeb 3 workplace 4 career 5 profession / occupation 6 skills 7 career 8 advertising 9 advertisment 10 economic 11 eam 12 work/jobs 13 money 14 work 15 retirement 4 bid ark bot ‘ore cer floor frst market low ruse target poor perk wolk purse force fork Test practice General Training Writing Task. Model answer Dear Me Smith Ikis now three years since joined this company and while ind my current position of administrative assistant very rewarding, fel [am ready to take on a more challenging role nould therefore like to apply forthe postion of office supervisor. have qualications in business management and Ihave cover ten years experience working inthis industry. have tso recently taken a course in team esdership. During my Time hese Ihave been responsible fr instigating several ew systems, As you ace aware, many ofthe operating Systems we currently use are outdated and are Inadequate for dealing with the larg numberof customers we now have, IT were given the opportunity to manage this aree then I would plan to gradually update these systems 30 thatthe ofice ean run more smoothly. Tam an enthusiastic and energetic employee and I feel that {am well qualified for this role. [would be gratelul if you could consider me foc this position Yours sincerely {175 words)‘Academie Writing Task2 Model answer Practical sills are very important sd it could be argued that they areas importet as academic qualifcations when ‘comes te getting job Nevertheless, it isunlkely that academic qualifications will ever become unnecessary. Tere are certain manual jabs suc as leaning and {abouting where formal quaifcatins ar less important. Employes in these industries ae more likely to employ people with a good working knowledge ofthe job and what itentals. However, even a these [bs its important for people to have a minimum level ot education, especially if they want to rise above the lowest working level How cana person without good writngand mathematical skils balance a budget or manage sal? How can such a person make informed decisions about which products to use or safety issues in the workplace? Having said this, a student graduating fom university with the highest level of qualfcations, bt limited practical skill, stil has a great deal to lear. None of us would expect or want doctor without many years of practical experience and taining to perfoce an essential operation. ‘Students from al dseplines need understand that entering the jt market with a depree in management, for exemple, does nat automaticaly qualify them fora managerial rote Clearly, education is important in aching the theoretical side of any profession This theoretical knowledge forms an ‘mmportant bass for practical kill which are also essential. Intiuth nether ane nor the other's dispensable when it comes to geting a good job. [255 words] Wunitss aa Crimes: arson, burglary, Fraud, klnapping, murder, smuealng Patty crimes: pickpockting, vandalism ‘Swearing is offensive but snot a:rime. Dumping toxic waste snot conscered a crime inal areas. 12 2" False octons that are offensiveto on individual or group of prope, bt do ot violate ows orenot crimes) 2 Falee (they must enforce the aw viloe the law mens the same as breok the fa) 4 True (ing gully ofa crinal act asuily involves some {orm of conscious en intent conscious» aware) Answer key 5 True (the reason behind crime remain elusive esi dieu to find) 6 True crime influenced by the degre to which others _quard over neighborhoods and other people ~ protect = guard) 7 True (research aso shows tht income inequality conelotesta property crime is finked = correlates) 13, Noun verb ‘Aajective rine ceri acrime_| criminal eter eter deter enforcement enforce enforceable fence fend ofensve prevention prevent preventble | prison imprisonment, | imprison ‘imprisoned sone punisent punish punishable 14 eximinal 2 enforcement 3 commit 4 criminal punishable, deter 5 prevented 2a amit crime; conve a ximinal: impose a fine pass @ law 22 2F 3D 4A SE 6B 23 Grime ow adectives | serious, ron-volen,| strict. bars tough raged pe, | existing tines, random Verbs | commit combo, save, | abe, breok. enforce, beinvoveding,be | pos, abolish abide, toughen foodie NB breok (the law) and commit (a erime) are notin the recording 25 abiding 2 stict (severe 3 ageinst 4 fine 5 combat 6 prevention 7 above 8 abolished 109Answer key Ba 2 actions 3 punishment 4 fine 5 petty 6 Imorison 7 offences 8 criminals / prisoners 9 criminals 10 in 11 moreserous 12 solve 13 prevent 14 protected 15 pissing 16 deterrent Test practice General Training Writing Task 2 Model answer Wis true tha he crime rate Increasing in many reas ofthe world. Many governments rect otis problem by building prisons to contain the eriminal, This has proved saunsuecessulthat each year bigger and tougher prisons ‘are needed. Perhaps we need to goback to the bases of ‘this problem and assess the possible causes ‘One ofthe reasons thats often given ste increase in valence both on television and in computer games. While this may be responibie for makingzrimes mote violent, | thin is unrealistic to ay the blame forall criminal activity onthe media. 1 think the maln cause of crime fs the increasing gap between the richand the poor, as well asthe increasing use of drugs. Themajarity of crimes are being committed by people in needwho are forced to take what they donot have, an by people addicted to drugs. Salvng these problems is nat ey, We could ty to ensure that more jobs ae created so that he vide between rch and poor is reduced, However, criminals need tobe trained and rehabilitate so that they can enter the workforce. Furthermore, providing employment oly addresses part ofthis problem: so far there has been ile success n the war agsinst drugs "belive that crime will continue to rise, particulary in crowded and overppulated areas, unless we can find an elective nay to adress these issues. Pehaps we can help {obreakthe cycle by trying to ensure fewer young peaple enter a fe of erie in heist place. We could do this ‘through education and by making sure that they ae ale to wor, [ee wows Munitao 12 1 False, they are ik informed 2 False the focused on (significa) cutent fais 4 False he believes they want to erertain people 4 Tue 5 False, its becouse celebrity stores occupy the front ages 150 - 43 1 Tree press 5 the media 14 1 press 2 publications 3 sources 4 safeguards 5 controversial 6 frontpage 7 biased 8 exposés 2 broadcast 3 reported 4 networks 6 censorship 7 tabloid 8 headlines 15 4 the press 2 alternative (media) 3 the Web 4 The stories re not always checked by an editor estor verlication) and sources can be unvliable. 4 Ideology 5 Investigative reporting 22 2 verity 3 investigation 4 publicity 5 exploited 6 unbiased 3a Positive Negative octet, ermatve, | ati tention grabbing, realistic unbiased | bose, tore, isive, vase, pervasive, snsoinalis,superciol 33 1 tabloids 2 paparazzi 3 Intrusive & privacy 5 supesivial 6 alicia! 7 influrne 6 celery 9 affect 10 distorted 11 stories 4a cried [I [eased [2 [ivarion [= attention |S Lersosue | 3 [invasive _ E 5 [invasive | $ | putieoion censor 1s [inwasion [3 | supertcot [5 Test practice ‘Academic Writing Task Model answer In some countries, the media Is contralled exclusively by large companies; in others itis the government that has this contro. Often, ina war situation, one af the frst tasultes the mesa, which eelzed by one group or ‘another. This gives some support the iea that the media isa source of power and conto ‘Whoever contol the media also has ultimate contrel over what s published or broadcasted and whats omitted, They can algo ad a certain preudic or bias to their overage of certain news stories depending anther own footings about the matter. This snot anew problem,although the issues pethaps more pressing now that the Inernet and pay-TV have enable thee messages tobe disseminated even futher. However, we should remember that eaders have thelr own dees and opinions. You ean contol wha sprinted but you cannot contro the opinions of your eader.[¢hink the ony positive here is hat, nowadys, people seem to bbe much more ypical about what thay read in the press ‘orhearon the television. In particu wen it comes to the tabloi press, people know that they have to take what they read with again of salt. Inather word, they read knowing they may be beng lied to Perhaps itis of even grater concern that we have becom so accepting ofthis Form oF censorship. The only thing that can be done to ler thie situation sor the government to regulate the industry so that there is no longer monopoly on mecia ownership, This eso means that they have to allow and support otal re press, ‘even f this means the government may be eitiesed or ridiculed within ts popes. (295 words) aa 1ahuract art panting. an artist 2 ballet ane ballet dancers or balleinas 3. pote, an artist 4 play / the theatre, ators and actresses. 5 opera, an opera singer 6 classical music, an archesta / (classical) musicians 7 a sculpture, a sculpt 14 2 No (universal impulse) 3 Yes fection) 4 Yes (mundane) 5 Yes choreographed) 6 Yes conception) 7 No (burgeoning) 8 No anscending) 2a 1 Weiter’ 2 Literary 3 fair 4 Activites 5 theme 6 Visual 7 exhibition 8 creative 9 galleries 10 crafts 11 Festival 14 concerts 12 imeractve 13 Musical 22 1 aesthetics 2 festivals 2 accomplished 4 works 5 depict 6 carvings 7 interactive & audience 9 panticipate 10 concerts Answer key 23 Noun —( veh [Active rat ete [erate lire ull utored iofuerce inferce [inten inprotion inspire | rapiotonl ‘nagnation inosine | mogiative participant foreation | portico | papery rciness/eanctment [eich [rich | 32 eclectic 2 syle 3 popular classical 5 plays 6 tle 7 set 8 mood 9 stimulating 10 relating 11 inspie 12 dstatng 13 headphones 14 escape 15 atmosphere “16 concert 17 elecric 18 venues, 19 eutiences 20 intimacy 21 envches 22 magia experience 23th ats 4 atmosphere classical edtion —_festhal fundamental imagination iteray monotone musical performance popular visual Test practice ‘Aeadenic Reading 1G (According to Corrthes, memaria wos the reason why ‘erature, in a fundamental sense, existed in medieval Europe) 2 EAs Gerald Edelmon pts: Wit thet ability come the blities fo model te worl. hough such comaorzons comes the possiblity of rorgonisin 3 8 (Inother words, renting norratives sour way of ‘connecting ond interacting wih cur envraament (Mink, 19783)) 4 osteo our memory refers creating the past rom the berspectieof hw relevant is tour present situation, 5A Boul ernad points out tha storytelling ona narcatives coe uch widespread phenomane tho they coud jstifobly einluded ithe list of umon universal (Hesnad, 2001)) 6 (The orchoslogs Steven Mithen has suggested thot His reotive con be explained bythe emergence of ‘cognitively uid ently, in ater words, an ability to linktogethar information from diferent ores of oi 7 Geomething isnot secure enough by bearing, butt is ‘made fr by seeng'(Abertus 1. 6-7.) 151Answer key 8 C (Qurbodies and minds not oly apt the (@lunit 21 surrounding wel, bu! we octivelyshopeond construct uh: cur enviranment ta bette suit ovraeeds (Plotkin 1993).) 9 9. E(Thefirstand older ofthese strategies, tributed to ‘Aristotle relied on te concep of nenaliages’.usig 7° 34 4C 5H 6D TE BG sua 45 such os emotion provoting representations) 4.44 10 F (rote leaning. reokng Longer texts into numbered segments ond thn memorizing them ane by one.) 11 C(Thefollowers ofthis stotey cracized the use of visual Imagey becouse of ts inoccuracy twas orqued thatthe tse of visual aids wos orginlly elfulot bes) 1 (The later countered he tom by arguing thot. this problem would elsopoear if the visual imagery wos strong enough fo make o peso enatonally engaged uth the text.) 2 Test Four (unit umber in brckets show the unt where the yocobulary tested canbe ound) 1 B(Uniti6) 11 A(Unit 37) 2 A(Unit6) 42 ACU?) 3 BUUniti6) 45 8 Unit 18) 4 B(Unit6) 44 A(Units8) 5 C(Uniei6) 15 (Uri 28) 6 C(unta6) 16 C(Urit28) 7 o(Unita7) 17 A(Uniti8) 8 C(Unita7) 18 D(Unit18) 9 B(Unit 7) 19 A(Unit19) 21 O(Unit19) 2 A(Urit19) 2 C(Unit19) 24 (Unit 19) 25 A(Unit20) 26 A(Unit 20) 27 0(Unit20) 28 8(Unit20) 29 D(Unit20) 1 develop istransitve develop, evolve, exist and swerve 2 develop 3 develop can have an object the others cannat 44 A swerve B exist C develop, evolve 5 Aare 15 2°n= noun: choice kids 3 w= ineansitiv verb: der 4 slaslang: kes 5 adv » adver: well 6 prep= preposition of 16 minute « sty seconds| very small, outlook » view {future situation material = information loth NB Minute has two diferent pronunciations ar Phonetic symbols 10 D(Unit17) 20 B(Uniti9) 30 Cunt 20) @ f= |e these | choose ord | tat_| est wwhat_| seme | anock | oboue | pur | in 2a meat “ton sable iis em ‘sessment’ | osumation approachable | misinterpret | ecretin | wnopproachabe Cstobishment [creation |ostessable | miseepesent/—|recreote | nossessoble Cijotion | defnable | misrepresent | redefine | unientied/ tlsiibotion | ideale teditribute | unidentifble enticonon | vrobe eiterpet Soterpretation teases presentation __ [rion : ia22 Profnes: ant ds- Sufees:-ment, arian, ism 2E 3A 4B 5C 23 Possible examples: antibiotic, disagree sable, punishment / argument, vegetarian, Marts /soclalism Mies 12 occur B create C consstent_D analysis E significant F period G beneit H theory I define J envionment 13 4 Nouns: analysis, benefit, enirorment, perl, theory Verbs: bene, create, deine, oc:ur Adjectives: consistent, sgnifcart 2 benefit 5 Inconsistent, recreate redefine, ecu, insignificant Answer key 16 2 beneficial 3 consistent 4 recreation 5 defined 6 envionment 7 occurred 8 periodically 9 significant 10 theoretical 17 2 Enviconmentaists 3 benefits 4 significant 5 defned 6 consists 7 theory 8 analysis 9 recreate 10 cecurrence 18 2 environmentalist /environment 3 consists / consist 4 periodically / period 5 beneficial benefit 6 theory 7 analysed analysis 8 significance / significant 8 define 10 creative jeeate 19 1 B truly C advancement 0 happiest F worrying, G unplugged W stopped 1 changeable 2 E worried T sloped 4 unnoticed 1 impatient b Inappropriate ¢ dissimilar € disinterested / uninterested 1 4 disability / inability disorganised / unorganised 7 {impolite} unemployment = tert_| ative (NB Acisinterested persons someone who wil gla no 3 Jonas ‘onaise | anolyte advantage by being invlved in an activity: We needa 2 benef benefit | benefit isitrested party to referee the motch. Unnterested means Say =aurs| Gaea ot interested sobilty san injury or condition that i see amar [secs eae prevents someone from doing something: My grandmother is ee ‘lind but she does et he disability stop her fram enjoying ‘if. nobility snot beng able 1 do something though ack 5 | sefnon eine | definable of skill or knowledge: Your init to crveo cor means a ‘that we cn‘ offer you te job. If someone i disorganised ‘then this is sean a a vcs and a general pattem of 6 ewicomen ‘envirsamentel | behaviour. Unoygonsed may bea temporary sate) rte 2a 7 | ecaumence cor feos 8 | percd peridot period pile pero 3 consistent with [9 siotcnce signify | sinicant 4 create anew design 10] theory eonse —[eeoetial 5 defnition of z 6 environmentally rendly 45 22 283 © beneflial (ad) _C signfcance (noun) Yon 2 on 3 for 4 to,in 5 with 6 about, of D creative (ad) E defioe (verb) F theory (noun) ae 6 conssts (vers) perindicallyladvrb) (past simple vet) T analysed 1 occured (pas simple ver) 153Answer key 23 Dhave 3 take 4 give 5 tll € contol 2b 2'Uhely 3 utterly 4 extremely. § bittery 6 absolutely 7 big. & absolutly Miygies: __ aa VC 2F 3A 4E 50 6B 13 Lands 14 Tal on, | se opmord [anchored | Rucucta, lunge, | vend, shorn, |remcin | unpredictable, ‘donaward | ste, |steosy, | willy tren, shar, | sinicont, | const, steep, reachatigh | platen, signieont, | stacy, "| fred, sotic teachalon, | ropa, peak steal ‘anid 15 2inbetween 3 Homby 4 40 fom 16 1 The number of birds increased sigrificantl in 198 2 There asa considerable fall inthe number of people attending in 2002, 3 There was a dramatic rise inthe percentage of female students In 1990, 4 The temperatures dropped noticeably between 1880 and 1885 5 There was a constant change nthe figures between 2001 and 2006. 6 The temperatures increased sl lyn 3908, 47 2 static / steady (ow is also possible) 3 rose/increased 4 peaked 5 dramatically 6 from 7 to 8 increase] rise 9 steady / gradually 10 fell 11 in 12 gradually /steadily 13 by 18 compared 2a 1 After the gum s strained (Ravourings softeners and ‘sweeteners are added) 2 The liquids separated fom the solid when itis strained, 3 seven 22 2 First 3 pleces 4 container 5 heated 6 then 7 liquid & Next/Then 9 placed 10 container 1 added 12 minture 13 ingredients 1 passes travels 15 machine 16 Next/ Inen AT Shapes [pieces 18 pieces 19 Finally 20 teavls | passes Munitza 12 [eis tue that many students stugele to produce high ality essays don't agree that there site you can do ta improve your essay or to make the tsk less dificult 2a ‘Sequencing | Adding ‘htroducing | Giving Givingan | Giving on dens ‘supporting | acontrasting | examples | alternative | explanation ideas feo Ts om | ineddtion, | woneiees, [suchos, to [simiary, | thatis,inother | osa resol secondly fol | indeed and, |Foweven,—|iflasvorethis, | oternatively or | words, becouse | to summarise, tony. aithough, | Jorexample consequent, tuto, | espt wie, becouse of thermore, | wheres, but on therefore, iso tbeotherhond inconclusion 15422 2 Forexample 3 of 6 asaresutof 23 2 Firstly 3 Inother words 4 Furthermore fn addition 5 also. 6 suchas 7 Alternatively 8 Furthermore 4 suchas. 5 although In addition 9 Now 10 Nevertheless However 1 because 12 similarly BA 2E 3A SAB SC 6FIG TFG 32 2 Fortunately, / Thankfully, 3 jusifably 4 Unfortunetely, 5 Cleaty, / Obviowsy, 4a Recent research at an English univesty suggests that it doesn't matter what order the letters na word ae, the ‘only important thing i that the first and lst eters ar in the ight place. Even though the mide eters ight be mixed up, people don't havea probe reading the words This s because we ea6 the word as awhole rather than every eter by tse ar 2 gays people 3 sit quit / athe somewhs 4 suff there ae things / there i sxmething 5 inporveimprove 6 theve their 7 Rersonaly. Personally & bstive believe Answer key 12 2 complain 3 forgive 4 grateful 5 attend 6 ask 43 2 3 with 4 about Stor 6- 7- 8 9 for 10 to 14 [would be grateful if you could ook forward to; [have enclosed my Cs Best wishes: Kind regards; Yours faithfully, Yours sncerly| 15 1 Dear (fist name only). Best wishes 2 Dear Me / Ms (family name) .xKindeegords 3 Dear Siror Madam Yours faithfully 4 Dear Mr / Ms (ary name) .Yours sincerely 22 Wistrue that many people stuggleto produce letters and Frequent avoid writing eters completely. don't agree that this skis gradually disappearing 9 wansa want to 10 aproach approach 12 toote £2 though thoroughly The following words are too informal ges. ait, sf anno. 4a ‘Acceptance | Application | Apology Complaint | Enquiry ‘Recommendation | Thanks) wouldbe | heconsidred. [sory excuse, | dssonsfed, | wonder ask, | soggest rote deignted. — | ierven | forgive, complain, |help propose sneecite ortend onpticant | apwonse | unhappy Leoatios : 155Answer key 3a Sequencing | Adding ‘ntoducing | Giving Givingon | Givingon | Drawing fens Supporting | acontrasting | exomples | lternative | explanation | conclusion idews idea fst.com | inaddition | roveteless, | suchas for | sinlor, [that nother [osavesaa to secondly rot | and. coronly | rowever, | exomple | aternativey. or | wads because | sommarie, bot also | although consequent Fortermore, | despite, while, becouse of alo wheres, but, 0n therefore, o the other hand canelasion 32 Test Five 2 Forexample 3 or 4 suchas 5 although 6 asaresultof 33 2 Firstly 3 Furthermore/In dition & Asa result / Consequently 5 suchas 6 Nevertheless} However 7 because & particulary 9 Because of 10 Consequently 4a 2E3ABANB SC OFS THE 42 2 Fortuoately | Thankflly 3 jtiahly 4 Unfortunately 5 Cleat / Obviously 5 2 geyspeople 3 ait quite ¢ sto are things / is something 5 imporve Improve 6 theve thelr 7 totoo 8 Personaly Personally 9 belive hlleve 410 wanna want to 11 impresios Impression 1 wetng writing The following words ae too infonal guys, obit stuf, 156 (Unit aurbers in rockets show the unit where the vocobulry tested can be found) 1 D(Unit21) ML A(Unit 22) 24 C (Unt 24825) 2C(Unit2) — 12 ClUnit22) 22 D (Unit 24825) 3 €(Unit21) 13 C(Unit22) 73 B (Unit 24825) 4 B(unit 21) 5 A(Unit 21) 4 8 (Unit23) 45 8(Urit23) 6 D(Unit21) 16 ACUni23) 7 C(Unit22) 17 B(Unit 23) 27 C (Unitas) 8 D{appendi2) 18 A(Unit 22) 28 B (Unit 25) 9 A(Unit22) 19 D (Unit24825) 29 D(Unit 25) 10 B(Unit 2) 20 B(Unit 24825) 30. A (Unit 25) 24 8 (Unit 23) 25 0 (Unit 24825) 26 8 (Unit 25)