3.

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝜑𝜓) = 𝜑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝜓 + 𝜓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝜑

𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒆 − 𝟑 − 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ We know that ∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) = ∑ 𝑖⃗
𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 (𝒐𝒓) 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥
𝜕(𝜑𝜓)
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝜑𝜓) = ∑ 𝑖⃗
𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) 𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜑
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = ∑ 𝑖⃗ (𝜑 +𝜓 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝝋 (𝒐𝒓) 𝛁𝝋 𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜑
= ∑ 𝑖⃗ 𝜑 + ∑ 𝑖⃗ 𝜓
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜑
= 𝜑 ∑ 𝑖⃗ + 𝜓 ∑ 𝑖⃗
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝜑 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∇𝜑. 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝜑 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝜑∇𝜓 + 𝜓 ∇𝜑
𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 = 𝜑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝜓 + 𝜓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝜑
∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
1
𝜕(𝑥𝑦𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥𝑦𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥𝑦𝑧) 4. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 (𝑖) ∇(𝑟) and (ii) ∇ ( )
= (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) 𝑟
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ We know that, 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗
= 𝑦𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑧𝑗⃗ + 𝑥𝑦𝑘⃗⃗
𝑟 = |𝑟⃗| = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝜑 = log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∇𝜑. 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − − − (1)
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝜑 = log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓. (1). 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑥, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗
𝜕𝜑
+ 𝑗⃗
𝜕𝜑
+ 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕𝜑
) 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 2𝑟 = 2𝑥 ⇒ 𝑟 =𝑥 ⇒ =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑟
𝜕(log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )) 𝜕(log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )) 𝜕(log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )) 𝜕𝑟 𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝑧
= (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 = & =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝑟
2𝑥 2𝑦 2𝑧 (i) To Find ∶ ∇(𝑟)
=[ ] 𝑖⃗ + [ 2 ] 𝑗⃗ + [ 2 ] 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 𝑥 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 𝑥 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟
2 We know that ∇(𝑟) = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ )
=[ ] (𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) ⃗⃗ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘
𝑟 = |𝑟⃗| 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
2 = 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
=[ ] (𝑟⃗) = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2
𝑟2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 ⃗⃗
𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘
2 =
= 𝑟⃗ 𝑟
𝑟
𝑟⃗
=
𝑟
Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 1
 1 ⃗⃗, 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠
𝒅𝒊𝒗 𝑭
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑇𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∶ ∇ ( )
𝑟
𝒅𝒊𝒗 ⃗𝑭⃗ = 𝛁. ⃗𝑭⃗
1 𝜕 1 𝜕 1 𝜕 1
We know that, ∇ ( ) = (𝑖⃗ ( ) + 𝑗⃗ ( ) + 𝑘⃗⃗ ( )) 𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝑟 𝜕𝑦 𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝑟
𝜕 1
= ∑ 𝑖⃗ ( ) 𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝜕𝑥 𝑟
𝜕 1 𝜕𝑟 𝐼𝑓 𝐹⃗ (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
= ∑ 𝑖⃗ ( )
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒍 𝒐𝒇 ⃗𝑭⃗ 𝑜𝑟 𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 ⃗𝑭⃗ , 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑
−1 𝑥 ⃗⃗ 𝑜𝑟 𝒓𝒐𝒕 𝑭
⃗⃗ , 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠
= ∑ 𝑖⃗ ( 2 ) ( ) 𝑎𝑠 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒍 𝑭
𝑟 𝑟
⃗⃗ = 𝛁 × 𝑭
𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒍 𝑭 ⃗⃗
−1
= ( 3 ) ∑ 𝑥𝑖⃗
𝑟
−1 𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
= ( 3 ) (𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝑟 ⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝟏 ∶ 𝐼𝑓 𝐹 = 𝐹1 𝑖⃗ + 𝐹2 𝑗⃗ + 𝐹3 𝑘 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∇ × F = | |
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
−𝑟⃗ 𝐹1
= 𝐹2 𝐹3
𝑟3
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝟐 ∶ ∇ × 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
5. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ∇(𝑟 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−2 𝑟⃗
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝜕 𝑛 𝜕 𝜕
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ We know that ∇(𝑟 𝑛 ) = (𝑖⃗ (𝑟 ) + 𝑗⃗ (𝑟 𝑛 ) + 𝑘⃗⃗ (𝑟 𝑛 ))
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑖⃗ + 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑗⃗ + (𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑡 (1, −1,1).
𝜕 𝑛 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑙 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹 = ∇ × 𝐹⃗
= ∑ 𝑖⃗ (𝑟 )
𝜕𝑥 𝑗⃗
𝑖⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕 𝜕𝑟 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= ∑ 𝑖⃗ (𝑟 𝑛 ) ⃗⃗ = ||
∇×F ||
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑥 𝑥𝑦𝑧 3𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑧
𝑛−1
= ∑ 𝑖⃗(𝑛𝑟 ) ( )
𝑟
= 𝑖⃗(−2𝑦𝑧 − 0) − 𝑗⃗(𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦) + 𝑘⃗⃗(6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧)
= 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−2 ∑ 𝑥𝑖⃗ ⃗⃗)
(∇ × F (1,−1,1)
= 2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗(1 + 1) + 𝑘⃗⃗(−6 − 1) = 2𝑖⃗ − 2𝑗⃗ − 7𝑘⃗⃗
= 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−2
𝑟⃗ {𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗}
⃗⃗) = 0
2. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 F
𝑫𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐹⃗ = 𝐹1 𝑖⃗ + 𝐹2 𝑗⃗ + 𝐹3 𝑘⃗⃗
𝐼𝑓 𝐹⃗ (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹⃗ = ∇ × ⃗F⃗
⃗⃗ , 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑭

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 2
 𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗ 1 1
= (3𝑟 − [𝑟 2 ])
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝑟2 𝑟
⃗⃗ = |
∇×F |
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 1 1 2
𝐹1 𝐹2 𝐹3 = 2 (3𝑟 − 𝑟) = 2 (2𝑟) =
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝜕𝐹3 𝜕𝐹2 𝜕𝐹3 𝜕𝐹1 𝜕𝐹2 𝜕𝐹1
= 𝑖⃗ [ − ] − 𝑗⃗ [ − ] + 𝑘⃗⃗ [ − ]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 4. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹⃗ = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹⃗ ) − ∇2 𝐹⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝐹3 𝜕𝐹2 𝜕𝐹3 𝜕𝐹1 𝜕𝐹2 𝜕𝐹1 (𝒐𝒓)
⃗⃗) = (𝑖⃗
∇. (∇ × F + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) . (𝑖⃗ [ − ] − 𝑗⃗ [ − ] + 𝑘⃗⃗ [ − ])
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, ∇ × (∇ × 𝐹⃗ ) = ∇(∇. 𝐹⃗ ) − ∇2 𝐹⃗
𝜕 𝜕𝐹3 𝜕𝐹2 𝜕 𝜕𝐹3 𝜕𝐹1 𝜕 𝜕𝐹2 𝜕𝐹1
= [ − ]− [ − ]+ [ − ] 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 2 𝐹3 𝜕 2 𝐹2 𝜕 2 𝐹3 𝜕 2 𝐹1 𝜕 2 𝐹2 𝜕 2 𝐹1 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 ∶ 𝑎⃗ × (𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗) = (𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗)𝑏⃗⃗ − (𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗)𝑐⃗
= − − + + −
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧𝜕𝑦 ∇ × (∇ × 𝐹⃗ ) = (∇. 𝐹⃗ )∇ − (∇. ∇)𝐹⃗
= 0 (𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙)
= ∇(∇. 𝐹⃗ ) − ∇2 𝐹⃗

1 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, ∇ × (∇ × 𝐹⃗ ) = ∇(∇. 𝐹⃗ ) − ∇2 𝐹⃗
3. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∇. ( 𝑟⃗)
𝑟
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝐹⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑘⃗⃗ , 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹⃗ = 0
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝑊𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑙 ⃗F⃗ = ∇ × ⃗F⃗
1 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑟⃗ = 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝑟 𝑟 ⃗⃗ = |
∇×F |
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
1 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 3 𝑥 𝑦
∇. ( 𝑟⃗) = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) . ( )
𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑟 𝑟 = |𝑟⃗| = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
= 𝑖⃗(1 − 0) − 𝑗⃗(0 − 0) + 𝑘⃗⃗(1 − 0)
𝜕 𝑥 𝜕 𝑦 𝜕 𝑧 𝑟2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2
= ( )+
𝜕𝑥 𝑟
( )+ ( )
𝜕𝑦 𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝑟 = 𝑖⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
𝝏𝒓 𝒙 𝝏𝒓 𝒚 𝝏𝒓 𝒛
= ; = ; = 𝑗⃗
𝜕𝑟 𝑟(1) − 𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝝏𝒙 𝒓 𝝏𝒚 𝒓 𝝏𝒛 𝒓 𝑖⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑟(1) − 𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑟(1) − 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 ⃗ 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 |
= 𝜕𝑥 + + 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹 ) = |
𝑟2 𝑟2 𝑟2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
1 0 1
1 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟
= 2 (𝑟 − 𝑥 +𝑟−𝑦 +𝑟−𝑧 )
𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = 𝑖⃗(0 − 0) − 𝑗⃗(0 − 0) + 𝑘⃗⃗(0 − 0) = 0
1 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 1 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
= (3𝑟 − 𝑥 ( ) − 𝑦 ( ) − 𝑧 ( )) = (3𝑟 − [ + + ])
𝑟2 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟2 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒍 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 3
𝐴 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅, ⃗⃗ = 𝟎
𝑖𝑓 𝛁. 𝑭 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
(𝑥 + 3𝑦) + (𝑦 − 2𝑧) + (𝑥 + 𝛽𝑧) = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑅.
1+1+𝛽 =0
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝛽 = −2

1. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 + 3𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 − 2𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙.

4. 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓(𝑟)𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑟)𝑟⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 + 3𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 − 2𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗
𝑓(𝑟)𝑟⃗ = 𝑓(𝑟)𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑓(𝑟)𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑓(𝑟)𝑧𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇. 𝐹⃗ = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) . (𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 + 3𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 − 2𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 ∇. [𝑓(𝑟)𝑟⃗] = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) . (𝑓(𝑟)𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑓(𝑟)𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑓(𝑟)𝑧𝑘⃗⃗)
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= (𝑥 + 2𝑦) + (𝑦 + 3𝑧) + (𝑥 − 2𝑧) 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = [𝑥𝑓(𝑟)] + [𝑦𝑓(𝑟)] + [𝑧𝑓(𝑟)]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
=1+1−2
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟
∇. 𝐹⃗ = 0 = 𝑥 [𝑓 ′ (𝑟) ] + 𝑓(𝑟)[1] + 𝑦 [𝑓 ′ (𝑟) ] + 𝑓(𝑟)[1] + 𝑧 [𝑓 ′ (𝑟) ] + 𝑓(𝑟)[1]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
∴ 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟
= 3𝑓(𝑟) + 𝑥 [𝑓′(𝑟) ] + 𝑦 [𝑓′(𝑟) ] + 𝑧 [𝑓′(𝑟) ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (4𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= 3𝑓(𝑟) + 𝑥 [𝑓′(𝑟) ] + 𝑦 [𝑓′(𝑟) ] + 𝑧 [𝑓′(𝑟) ]
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙. 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝑓′(𝑟)
= 3𝑓(𝑟) + [𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ]
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (4𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑟

𝑓′(𝑟) 2 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘 ⃗⃗

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙, 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 ∇. 𝐹⃗ = 0 = 3𝑓(𝑟) + [𝑟 ]
𝑟 𝑟⃗. 𝑟⃗ = 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑟
(𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) . {(3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (4𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗} = 0 ∇. [𝑓(𝑟)𝑟⃗] = 3𝑓(𝑟) + 𝑟𝑓′(𝑟) 2𝑟 = 2𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑓(𝑟)𝑟⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙. 𝝏𝒓 𝒙
(3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧) + (4𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑧) + (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧) = 0 =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑖. 𝑒. , ∇. [𝑓(𝑟)𝑟⃗] = 0 𝝏𝒙 𝒓
𝝏𝒓 𝒚
3+𝑎+2=0 3𝑓(𝑟) + 𝑟𝑓 ′ (𝑟) = 0 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦, =
𝝏𝒚 𝒓
𝑎 = −5 𝑟𝑓 ′ (𝑟) = −3𝑓(𝑟) 𝝏𝒓 𝒛
=
𝑓′(𝑟) 3 𝝏𝒛 𝒓
=−
3. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝛽 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 − 2𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 + 𝛽𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙. 𝑓(𝑟) 𝑟

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 − 2𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 + 𝛽𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑟, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑓′(𝑟) 𝑑𝑟
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙, 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 ∇. 𝐹⃗ = 0 ∫ 𝑑𝑟 = −3 ∫
𝑓(𝑟) 𝑟
Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 4
 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑓(𝑟)) = −3 log(𝑟) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐶 𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
1 𝐶 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
⃗⃗ = |
∇×F |
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑟)−3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐶 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 3 ) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐶 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 3 ) 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑟 𝑟
𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑧 3 2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4 3𝑥𝑧 2
𝐶
𝑓(𝑟) = 3
𝑟 = 𝑖⃗(0 − 0) − 𝑗⃗(3𝑧 2 − 3𝑧 2 ) + 𝑘⃗⃗(2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
= 0𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘⃗⃗ = 0
𝑰𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓
∴ 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐴 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅, 𝑖𝑓 𝛁 × ⃗𝑭⃗ = 𝟎
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∶ 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝜑
𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑅.
Let ∇𝜑 = 𝐹⃗
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
(𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) = (𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4) 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠
𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧) 𝑖⃗ + (𝑏𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (4𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
= 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑧 3 = 2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4 = 3𝑥𝑧 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧) 𝑖⃗ + (𝑏𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (4𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗
∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫(𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝜕𝑥 ∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫(2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4) 𝜕𝑦 ∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫ 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙. 𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 ∇ × 𝐹⃗ = 0
𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝜑 = 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑧 3 + 𝑐 𝜑 = 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 𝑐 𝜑 = 𝑥𝑧 3 + 𝑐
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
|| || = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 ∴ 𝜑 = 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑧 3 − 4𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑏𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑧 4𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 + 2𝑧

𝑖⃗(𝑐 − (−1)) − 𝑗⃗(4 − 𝑎) + 𝑘⃗⃗(𝑏 − 2) = 0

2. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝐹⃗ = (6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑖⃗(𝑐 + 1) − 𝑗⃗(4 − 𝑎) + 𝑘⃗⃗(𝑏 − 2) = 0𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙.
𝑐+1=0 −(4 − 𝑎) = 0 𝑏−2 =0
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗
𝒄 = −𝟏 𝒂=𝟒 𝒃=𝟐 𝑗⃗
𝑖⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
⃗⃗ = |
∇×F |
𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑷𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 3𝑥 2 − 𝑧 3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦
𝐼𝑓 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹⃗ = ∇𝜑, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜑 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐹⃗ .

= 𝑖⃗(−1 − (−1)) − 𝑗⃗(3𝑧 2 − 3𝑧 2 ) + 𝑘⃗⃗(6𝑥 − 6𝑥)

𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 = 0𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘⃗⃗ = 0
1. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4) 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 ∴ 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙. 𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∶ 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝜑

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 5
Let ∇𝜑 = 𝐹⃗ 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
(𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) = (6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
(𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) = (6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
= 6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑧 = 3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦
𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= 6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑧 = 3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 ∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫(6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝜕𝑥 ∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫(3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝜕𝑧
∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫(3𝑥 2 − 𝑧) 𝜕𝑦
∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫(6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝜕𝑥 ∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫(3𝑥 2 − 𝑧) 𝜕𝑦 ∫ 𝜕𝜑 = ∫(3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝜕𝑧
𝜑 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 3 + 𝑐 𝜑 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑐 𝜑 = 3𝑥𝑧 3 − 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑐
𝜑 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 3 + 𝑐 𝜑 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑐 𝜑 = 3𝑥𝑧 3 − 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑐
∴ 𝜑 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 3 − 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑐
∴ 𝜑 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 3 − 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑐
𝛁𝝋
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 ∶ 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓, 𝒏
̂=
|𝛁𝝋|
3. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹⃗ = (𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑐𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙.
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 = 10 𝑎𝑡 (1,1,1).
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑐𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝜑 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 − 10
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙. 𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 ∇ × 𝐹⃗ = 0 ∇𝜑
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑛̂ =
𝑗⃗ |∇𝜑|
𝑖⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
|
𝜕𝑥
|=0 ∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ )
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑧 3 3𝑥 2 − 𝑐𝑧
2
3𝑥𝑧 − 𝑦
𝜕(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 − 10) 𝜕(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 − 10) 𝜕(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 − 10)
𝑖⃗(−1 − (−𝑐)) − 𝑗⃗ (3𝑧 2 − 3𝑏𝑧 2)
+ 𝑘⃗⃗(6𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥) = 0 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑖⃗(𝑐 − 1) − 𝑗⃗(3𝑧 2 − 3𝑏𝑧 2 ) + 𝑘⃗⃗(6𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥) = 0𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘⃗⃗ ∇𝜑 = (2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗)

𝑐−1=0 −(3𝑧 2 − 3𝑏𝑧 2 ) = 0 6𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 = 0 ∇𝜑(1,1,1) = (2𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗)

𝒄=𝟏 𝒃=𝟏 𝒂=𝟔 |∇𝜑| = √4 + 4 + 1

= √9 = 3

∇𝜑
∴ 𝐹⃗ = (6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑧) 𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑛̂ =
|∇𝜑|
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∶ 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝜑
2𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗
Let ∇𝜑 = 𝐹⃗ 𝑛̂ = , 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟.
3

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 6
2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 2 = 8 𝑎𝑡 (1,0,2). 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 1 , 𝑦 = 4𝑡 − 3, 𝑧 = 2𝑡 2 − 6𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 2 − 8 𝑑𝑟⃗
∇𝜑 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑛̂ = 𝑑𝑟⃗
|∇𝜑| | |
𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) 𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑟⃗ = (𝑡 2 + 1)𝑖⃗ + (4𝑡 − 3)𝑗⃗ + (2𝑡 2 − 6𝑡)𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 2 − 8) 𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 2 − 8) 𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 2 − 8)
= (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) 𝑑𝑟⃗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = 2𝑡 𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + (4𝑡 − 6)𝑘⃗⃗
𝑑𝑡
∇𝜑 = (2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑧 2 ) 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥 2 𝑗⃗ + 4𝑥𝑧𝑘⃗⃗
𝑑𝑟⃗
[ ] = 4 𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘⃗⃗
∇𝜑(1,0,2) = (8𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 8𝑘⃗⃗) 𝑑𝑡 𝑡=2
|∇𝜑| = √64 + 1 + 64 𝑑𝑟⃗
| | = √16 + 16 + 4
𝑑𝑡
= √129
∇𝜑 = √36 = 6
𝑛̂ =
|∇𝜑| 𝑑𝑟⃗
8𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 8𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑛̂ = , 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟. 𝑑𝑟⃗
| |
√129 𝑑𝑡
4 𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘⃗⃗ 2 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎 = =
6 3
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 = 4 𝑎𝑡 (1, −1,2).
𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 4𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 ∶ 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 = |𝛁𝝋|
𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 𝑛̂ =
√18
2 2 1. 𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 (𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒) 𝑜𝑓
2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3 𝑎𝑡 (1,2, −1).
𝜑 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑎𝑡 (1,0,3).
𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝑛̂ = 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝜑 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2
√6
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) (𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

⃗⃗
𝒅𝒓
𝒅𝒕
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 ∶ 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝑻𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = = (𝑦𝑧 2 ) 𝑖⃗ + (𝑥𝑧 2 )𝑗⃗ + (2𝑥𝑦𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗
⃗⃗
𝒅𝒓
| |
𝒅𝒕 (∇𝜑)(1,0,3) = 9𝑗⃗

1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = |∇𝜑|

= √ 92 = 9
Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 7
 |∇𝜑2 | = √4 + 1 + 1 = √6
𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎
∇𝜑1 . ∇𝜑2
1. 𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 (𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒) 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
|∇𝜑1 ||∇𝜑2 |
𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 𝑎𝑡 (2, −2,3). 𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 6 𝑥
(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑦 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗) . (2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑧
𝛁𝝋𝟏 . 𝛁𝝋𝟐 (√5)(√6)
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝟏 ∶ 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒔 ∶ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 =
|𝛁𝝋𝟏 ||𝛁𝝋𝟐 | (0 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗). (2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗) 2−1
= =
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝟐 ∶ 𝑻𝒘𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝝋𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝋𝟐 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒖𝒕 𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒊𝒇 𝛁𝝋𝟏 . 𝛁𝝋𝟐 = 𝟎 (√5)(√6) √30
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = ⇒ ∴ 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 √30 √30
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 = 𝑦 2 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑧
𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (1,1,1) 2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑦𝑧 = (𝑎 + 2)𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑧 3 = 4
∇𝜑1 . ∇𝜑2 𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑡 (1, −1,2).
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠, 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
|∇𝜑1 ||∇𝜑2 | 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝜑1 = 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑦𝑧 − (𝑎 + 2)𝑥
𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝜑1 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 − 𝑦 2 + 1 𝜕𝜑1 𝜕𝜑1 𝜕𝜑1
∇𝜑1 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ )
𝜕𝜑1 𝜕𝜑1 𝜕𝜑1 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
∇𝜑1 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = (2𝑎𝑥 − (𝑎 + 2)) 𝑖⃗ − 𝑏𝑧 𝑗⃗ − 𝑏𝑦𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕(𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 − 𝑦 2 + 1 ) 𝜕(𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 − 𝑦 2 + 1 ) 𝜕(𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 − 𝑦 2 + 1 )
= (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) ∇𝜑1 (1,−1,2) = (2𝑎 − 𝑎 − 2) 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑏 𝑗⃗ + 𝑏 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑥 = (𝑎 − 2) 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑏 𝑗⃗ + 𝑏 𝑘⃗⃗
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑦 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑧 𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝜑2 = 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑧 3 − 4
⃗⃗
∇𝜑1 (1,1,1) = 0 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘 𝜕𝜑2 𝜕𝜑2 𝜕𝜑2
∇𝜑2 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
|∇𝜑1 | = √0 + 4 + 1 = √5
= 8𝑥𝑦 𝑖⃗ + 4𝑥 2 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗
𝐿𝑒𝑡 , 𝜑2 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2 + 𝑧
𝜕𝜑2 𝜕𝜑2 𝜕𝜑2 ⃗⃗
∇𝜑2 (1,−1,2) = −8 𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 12𝑘
∇𝜑2 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∇𝜑1 . ∇𝜑2 = 0

𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2 + 𝑧 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2 + 𝑧 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2 + 𝑧 )

= (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) ((𝑎 − 2) 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑏 𝑗⃗ + 𝑏 𝑘⃗⃗) . (−8 𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 12𝑘⃗⃗) = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
−8(𝑎 − 2) − 8𝑏 + 12𝑏 = 0
= 2𝑥𝑦 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
−8𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 16 = 0 − − − (1)
∇𝜑2 (1,1,1) = 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (1, −1,2) 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝜑1 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 0.

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 8
𝑎(1)2 − 𝑏(−1)(2) − (𝑎 + 2)(1) = 0 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕(𝑥𝑦𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥𝑦𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥𝑦𝑧)
∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) (𝑥𝑦𝑧) = 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 𝑎 − 2 = 0 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

2𝑏 = 2  𝑏 = 1 − − − (2) = 𝑦𝑧 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑧 𝑗⃗ + 𝑥𝑦 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (2) 𝑖𝑛 (1), 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 (∇𝜑)(1,1,1) = 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
−8𝑎 + 4(1) + 16 = 0 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
−8𝑎 + 20 = 0 |𝑎⃗| = √1 + 1 + 1 = √3
 8𝑎 = 20 𝑎⃗
20 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 = ∇𝜑.
|𝑎⃗|
𝑎=
8
(𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗)
5 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗).
= √3
2
5 (1 + 1 + 1) 3
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 , 𝑎= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 1. = = = √3
2 √3 √3

𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎 2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑧 2 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑎𝑡 (1,2,3)

1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 2𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗.
16 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑧 2 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (2, −1,2). 𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
6√30 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
3 2 2 2 3 ∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) (𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑧 2 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧)
2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 & 𝑏 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦 𝑧 = (𝑎 + 3)𝑥 & 4𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 11 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑡 (2, −1, −3). 𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝑎 = −2.33 & 𝑏 = 7.11 = (2𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑧 2 + 𝑦𝑧) 𝑖⃗ + (𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑥𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 2 𝑦 + 8𝑥𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗
(∇𝜑)(1,2,3) = (12 + 36 + 6) 𝑖⃗ + (3 + 3)𝑗⃗ + (2 + 24 + 2)𝑘⃗⃗
𝑫𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆
𝑎⃗ = 54 𝑖⃗ + 6𝑗⃗ + 28 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎⃗ 𝑖𝑠 ∇𝜑.
|𝑎⃗| 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗
⃗𝒂⃗ |𝑎⃗| = √4 + 1 + 1 = √6
𝒊. 𝒆. , 𝑫𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 = 𝛁𝝋.
|𝒂⃗⃗|
𝑎⃗
𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 = ∇𝜑.
|𝑎⃗|

𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔
(2𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗)
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜑 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑎𝑡 (1,1,1)𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 = (54 𝑖⃗ + 6𝑗⃗ + 28 𝑘⃗⃗).
√6
𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗. (108 + 6 − 28) 86
= =
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝜑 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 √6 √3

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 9
 𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍
3. 𝐼𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (3,1, −2)𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 4
𝐴 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑠
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 ∇𝜑.
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝜑 = 𝑥2𝑦2𝑧4 ⃗⃗. 𝒅𝒓
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 ∶ 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝑫𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒃𝒚 𝒂 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 = ∫𝑭 ⃗⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝑪
∇𝜑 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) (𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 4 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔
= (2𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 4 ) 𝑖⃗ + (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 4 )𝑗⃗ + (4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 )𝑘⃗⃗
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥) 𝑖⃗ − (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦)𝑗⃗ 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠
(∇𝜑)(3,1,−2) = (2(3)(1)(16)) 𝑖⃗ + (2(9)(1)(16))𝑗⃗ + (4(9)(1)(−8))𝑘⃗⃗
𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (1,1)𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑦 2 = 𝑥
= 96 𝑖⃗ + 288𝑗⃗ − 288𝑘⃗⃗
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥) 𝑖⃗ − (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦)𝑗⃗
𝑑𝑟⃗ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑖⃗ + 𝑑𝑦 𝑗⃗ + 𝑑𝑧 𝑘⃗⃗
4. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 . 𝐴 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 (4,4,2) 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝑦 2 = 𝑥  2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
𝑖𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑙𝑦? 𝐶 𝐶
1
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 , 𝑇 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑧 𝑑𝑥
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 √𝑥 + √𝑥)
𝐶 0 2 √𝑥
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑇 = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 ) 1
𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = ∫ (𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 + 1)
2
𝜕(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 ) 0
= (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) 1
1 1
1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= ∫ (𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0 2
∇𝑇 = 2𝑥 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗
1 1
𝑥3 𝑥2 1 1 1 1 1 2
∇𝑇(4,4,2) = 8 𝑖⃗ + 8𝑦 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗ = [ ] − [ ] − [𝑥]10 = − − = − 1 = −
3 0 2 0 2 3 2 2 3 3
∴ 𝑀𝑢𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑠 8 𝑖⃗ + 8𝑦 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗

2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 + 3) 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑧 𝑗⃗ + (𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠

𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎
𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (0,0,0) 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (2,1,1)𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑡 3
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑧 2 𝑎𝑡 (1,1,1)
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 + 3) 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑧 𝑗⃗ + (𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑘⃗⃗
16
𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗. 𝑨𝒏𝒔:
√3 𝑑𝑟⃗ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑖⃗ + 𝑑𝑦 𝑗⃗ + 𝑑𝑧 𝑘⃗⃗

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 10
 Also given, 𝑥 = 2𝑡 2 𝑦=𝑡 𝑧 = 𝑡3 𝑥 − 1 = 2𝑡 𝑦 + 2 = 4𝑡 𝑧 − 1 = 3𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑧 = 3𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑥 = 2𝑡 + 1 𝑦 = 2 − 4𝑡 𝑧 = 1 + 3𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 = −4 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑧 = 3 𝑑𝑡
𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = (𝑦 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑧
= (𝑡 + 3)4𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + (2𝑡 2 )(𝑡 3 )𝑑𝑡 + (𝑡. 𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 )3𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧
= (4𝑡 2 + 12𝑡 + 2𝑡 5 + 3𝑡 6 − 6𝑡 4 ) 𝑑𝑡
= {2(1 + 2𝑡)(2 − 4𝑡) + (1 + 3𝑡)3 } 𝑑𝑥 + (1 + 2𝑡)2 𝑑𝑦
𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = (3𝑡 6 + 2𝑡 5 − 6𝑡 4 + 4𝑡 2 + 12𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = 0, 𝑡 = 0
𝑥 = 2, 𝑡 = 1 +3{(1 + 2𝑡)(1 + 3𝑡)2 } 𝑑𝑧
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑡: 0 𝑡𝑜 1
1 = {2(2 − 4𝑡 + 4𝑡 − 8𝑡 2 ) + (1 + 3(3𝑡) + 3(9𝑡 2 ) + 27𝑡 3 )}2𝑑𝑡
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (3𝑡 6 5 4 2
+ 2𝑡 − 6𝑡 + 4𝑡 + 12𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝐶 0
+(1 + 4𝑡 2 + 2𝑡)(−4 𝑑𝑡) + 3(1 + 2𝑡)(1 + 9𝑡 2 + 6𝑡)3𝑑𝑡

𝑡7
1
𝑡6 𝑡5
1
𝑡3
1
𝑡2
1 1 = (4 − 16𝑡 2 + 19𝑡 + 27𝑡 2 + 27𝑡 3 )2𝑑𝑡 + (−4 − 16𝑡 2 − 8𝑡)𝑑𝑡
= 3 [ ] + 2 [ ] − 6 [ ] + 4 [ ] + 12 [ ]
7 0 6 0 5 0 3 0 2 0 +9(1 + 9𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 + 2𝑡 + 18𝑡 3 + 12𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡
3 1 6 4 = (27𝑡 3 + 11𝑡 2 + 19𝑡 + 4)2𝑑𝑡 + (−4 − 16𝑡 2 − 8𝑡)𝑑𝑡
= + − + +6
7 3 5 3
+9(1 + 21𝑡 2 + 8𝑡 + 18𝑡 3 )𝑑𝑡
45 + 35 − 126 + 140 + 630 724
= = = 54𝑡 3 + 22𝑡 2 + 38𝑡 + 8 − 4 − 16𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 + 9 + 189𝑡 2 + 72𝑡 + 162𝑡 3
105 105
= 216𝑡 3 + 195𝑡 2 + 102𝑡 + 13
3. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ , 𝑖𝑓 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥 2 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑡 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1
𝐶 1
𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1, −2,1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3,2,4). ∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (216𝑡 3 + 195𝑡 2 + 102𝑡 + 13) 𝑑𝑡
𝐶 0
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥 2 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 1 1 1
𝑡4 𝑡3 𝑡2
= 216 [ ] + 195 [ ] + 102 [ ] + 13[𝑡]10
𝑑𝑟⃗ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑖⃗ + 𝑑𝑦 𝑗⃗ + 𝑑𝑧 𝑘⃗⃗ 4 0 3 0 2 0
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , 𝑧2 ) 1 1 1
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1 = 216 ( ) + 195 ( ) + 102 ( ) + 13(1)
4 3 2
= =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 = 54 + 65 + 51 + 13 = 183
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1, −2,1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3,2,4)

𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−1

= =
3−1 2+2 4−1 𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒔
𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−1
= = = 𝑡(𝑠𝑎𝑦) 1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ , 𝑖𝑓 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑦 + 3) 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑧 𝑗⃗ + (𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥) 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
2 4 3
𝐶

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 11
𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 (0,0,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2,1,1). 𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 8 = 𝑖⃗(0 − 0) − 𝑗⃗(3𝑧 2 − 2𝑧) + 𝑘⃗⃗(2𝑥 − 2𝑥)

2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ , 𝑖𝑓 𝐹⃗ = (3𝑥 2 + 6𝑦) 𝑖⃗ − 14𝑦𝑧 𝑗⃗ + 20𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 0𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗(3𝑧 2 − 2𝑧) + 0𝑘⃗⃗
𝐶
⃗⃗ ≠ 0
∇×F
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (0,0,0) 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (1,1,1)𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 3 𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 5
 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑭𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅
𝐵 𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍
𝐼𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 ∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝐴 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝑡𝑜 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆
𝐴

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝐶 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑. 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒔.

𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 ∶ 𝑰𝒇 ⃗𝑭⃗ 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝛁 × ⃗𝑭⃗ = 𝟎
1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∬ ⃗F⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ⃗F⃗ = 𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑆

1. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑. 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 = 1 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑧 = 0
2

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 2
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑻𝒐 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∇ × 𝐹⃗ = 0 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 ⃗F⃗ = 𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗

𝑗⃗ 𝜑 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 1 = 0
𝑖⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 | ∇𝜑 = 2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗
⃗⃗
∇×F=|| | = 𝑖⃗(0 − 0) − 𝑗⃗(0 − 0) + 𝑘⃗⃗(0 − 0)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 |∇𝜑| = |2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗| = √4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
∇𝜑 2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗
⃗⃗ = 0
∇×F 𝑛̂ = = = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗
|∇𝜑| 2
 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 ⃗⃗. 𝑛̂ = (𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗). (𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗) = 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦
F
𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
2. 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑖⃗ + 𝑥 2 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 ⃗⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ F
∬F ⃗⃗. 𝑛̂ , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 𝑜𝑛 𝑌𝑍 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒.
𝑛̂. 𝑖⃗
𝑆 𝑅
𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡.
𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑖⃗ + 𝑥 2 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ = ∬(𝑥𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦)
𝑥
𝑅
𝑻𝒐 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∇ × 𝐹⃗ = 0

𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ = ∬ 𝑥(𝑧 + 𝑦)
𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑥
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝑅
∇ × ⃗F⃗ = | |
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 𝑥2 3𝑥𝑧 2
Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 12
 1 √1−𝑥 2
= ∬(𝑧 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
= 3∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑅 0 0
2 1
1 √1−𝑥 2
𝑦2
= ∫ ∫(𝑧 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 0 𝑡𝑜 1 & 𝑧 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 0 𝑡𝑜 2. = 3∫ 𝑥[ ] 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0 2 0
2
𝑦2
1 3 1
= ∫ {𝑧[𝑦]10 + [ ] } 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 0 2 0
0

2 2 3 1
1 𝑧2 1 = ∫ (𝑥 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (𝑧 + ) 𝑑𝑧 = [ ] + [𝑧]20 = 2 + 1 = 3 2 0
0 2 2 0
2
1 1
3 𝑥2 𝑥4
= {[ ] − [ ] }
2 2 0 4 0
⃗⃗ = 𝑦𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑧𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑥𝑦𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓
⃗⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 F
2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∬ F
3 1 1 3 2−1 3
𝑆 = { − }= { }=
2 2 4 2 4 8
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 .
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 ⃗⃗ = 𝑦𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑧𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑥𝑦𝑘⃗⃗
F
⃗⃗ = 18𝑧𝑖⃗ − 12𝑗⃗ + 3𝑦𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
⃗⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 F
3. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∬ F
𝜑 = 𝑥 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 − 1 = 0
2
𝑆

∇𝜑 = 2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗ + 2𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 .

|∇𝜑| = |2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗ + 2𝑧𝑘⃗⃗| = √4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 2𝑧 2 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ ⃗F⃗ = 18𝑧𝑖⃗ − 12𝑗⃗ + 3𝑦𝑘⃗⃗

= 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 2 𝜑 = 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 12 = 0

∇𝜑 2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗ + 2𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ ∇𝜑 = 2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘⃗⃗

𝑛̂ = = = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗
|∇𝜑| 2 |∇𝜑| = |2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘⃗⃗| = √4 + 9 + 36 = √49 = 7
⃗⃗. 𝑛̂ = (𝑦𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑧𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑥𝑦𝑘⃗⃗). (𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘⃗⃗)
F ∇𝜑 2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘⃗⃗
𝑛̂ = =
= 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 |∇𝜑| 7
= 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘⃗⃗ 36𝑧 − 36 + 18𝑦
⃗F⃗. 𝑛̂ = (18𝑧𝑖⃗ − 12𝑗⃗ + 3𝑦𝑘⃗⃗ ). ( ) =
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 7 7
∬𝑆 ⃗F⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬𝑅 ⃗F⃗. 𝑛̂ ⃗⃗
𝑛̂.𝑘
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 𝑜𝑛 𝑋𝑌 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒
12 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 36 ( ) − 36 + 18𝑦
= ∬(3𝑥𝑦𝑧) = 6
𝑧 7
𝑅

= 3 ∬ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
6(12 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦) − 36 + 18𝑦
𝑅 =
7

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 13
 72 − 12𝑥 − 18𝑦 − 36 + 18𝑦 1
= = {432 − 648 + 288}
7 3
36 − 12𝑥 72
= = = 24
7 3
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
∬ ⃗F⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ ⃗F⃗. 𝑛̂ , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 𝑜𝑛 𝑋𝑌 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒.
𝑛̂. 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒔
𝑆 𝑅

36 − 12𝑥 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∬ F ⃗⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓

⃗⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 F
= ∬( )
7 6 𝑆
𝑅 7 3
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0 & 𝑧 = 1 . 𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶
= ∬(6 − 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 𝑜𝑛 𝑋𝑌 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒. 2
𝑅

𝑃𝑢𝑡, 𝑧 = 0 𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒔

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12 𝐴 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎 3 − 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛.

12 − 2𝑥 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛,
𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒔 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 0 to ; 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 6 𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔
3 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12
6
12−2𝑥
6𝑧 = 12 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∭𝑉 F ⃗⃗ = 2𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑦 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒
⃗⃗𝑑𝑉 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 F
3
∬ ⃗F⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ ∫ (6 − 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 12 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 6, 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 & 𝑧 = 4 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝑧 = 𝑥 2
𝑆 𝑧=
6 12−2𝑥 12−2𝑥 6 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, F 2 ⃗⃗
⃗⃗ = 2𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑦 𝑘
3 3 𝑃𝑢𝑡, 𝑧 = 4
= ∫ {6[𝑦]0 − 2𝑥[𝑦]0 } 𝑑𝑥 2
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑧 ∶ 𝑥 𝑡𝑜 4 ; 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 6 ; 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 2
0
𝑥 2 = 4  𝑥 = ±2
6 2 6 4
12 − 2𝑥 12 − 2𝑥
= ∫ {6 ( ) − 2𝑥 ( )} 𝑑𝑥 ∭ ⃗F⃗𝑑𝑉 = ∫ ∫ ∫ (2𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑦 2 𝑘⃗⃗)𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 3 3 0 0 𝑥2
𝑉
6
1 2 6 4
= ∫ {72 − 12𝑥 − 24𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 }𝑑𝑥 𝑧2
3 0 = ∫ ∫ {2𝑥 [ ] 𝑖⃗ − 𝑥[𝑧]4𝑥2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦 2 [𝑧]4𝑥2 𝑘⃗⃗} 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 2 𝑥2
1 6
= ∫ {72 − 36𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 }𝑑𝑥 2 6
3 0 = ∫ ∫ {𝑥(16 − 𝑥 4 )𝑖⃗ − 𝑥(4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑗⃗ + 𝑦 2 (4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑘⃗⃗} 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0
1 𝑥2 6 𝑥3 6
= {72[𝑥]60 − 36 [ ] + 4 [ ] } 2 6
3 2 0 3 0 = ∫ ∫ {(16𝑥 − 𝑥 5 )𝑖⃗ − (4𝑥 − 𝑥 3 )𝑗⃗ + 𝑦 2 (4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑘⃗⃗} 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0
1 4
= {72(6) − 36(18) + (216)} 2
𝑦3
6
3 3 = ∫ {(16𝑥 − 𝑥 5 )[𝑦]60 𝑖⃗ − (4𝑥 − 𝑥 3 )[𝑦]60 𝑗⃗ + [ ] (4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑘⃗⃗} 𝑑𝑥
0 3 0

1
= {432 − 648 + 4(72)}
3

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 14
 2 3
= ∫ {6(16𝑥 − 𝑥 5 )𝑖⃗ − 6(4𝑥 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑗⃗ + 72(4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑘⃗⃗} 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (4𝑦 (√9 − 𝑦 2 ) + 72 − 8𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
0 0
2 3 3
= ∫ {(96𝑥 − 6𝑥 5 )𝑖⃗ − (24𝑥 − 6𝑥 3 ) 𝑗⃗ + (248 − 72𝑥 2 )𝑘⃗⃗} 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 4𝑦 (√9 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ (72 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
0 0 0

2 2 6 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 3
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦
= {(96 [ ] − 6 [ ] ) 𝑖⃗ − (24 [ ] − 6 [ ] ) 𝑗⃗ + (248[𝑥]20 − 72 [ ] ) 𝑘⃗⃗} = 4 ∫ (√9 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑 ( ) + ∫ (72 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
2 0 6 0 2 0 4 0 3 0 0 2 0

1 3
= {(96(2) − 64)𝑖⃗ − (24(2) − 6(4)) 𝑗⃗ + (248(2) − 24(8))𝑘⃗⃗} (9 − 𝑦 2 )2+1 𝑦3
3
= 2[ ] + 72[𝑦]30 − 8 [ ]
⃗⃗ 1 3 0
= 128𝑖⃗ − 24 𝑗⃗ + 304𝑘 ( + 1) (−1)
2 0

−2
= 2 ( ) (0 − 9√9) + 72(3) − 8(9)
2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹⃗ = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 4𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 3
𝑉 −4
= ( ) (−27) + 216 − 72 = 36 + 216 − 72 = 180
𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2. 3

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 4𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗

𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇. 𝐹⃗ = ( 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗) . (2𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 4𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗) = 4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 8𝑥𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑉
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑧 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 √9 − 𝑦 2 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 3 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 2
𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0 & 𝑧 = 1.
3 √9−𝑦 2 2
∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ ∫ ∫ (4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 8𝑥𝑧) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦 𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 3
0 0 0
𝑉

3 √9−𝑦 2 𝑥2
2
𝑥2
2 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒔
= ∫0 ∫0 (4𝑦 [ ] − 2𝑦[𝑥]20 + 8𝑧 [ ] ) 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦
2 0 2 0
𝑦2 + 𝑧2 = 9 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚
3 √9−𝑦 2
(8𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 16𝑧) 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦 𝑧2 = 9 − 𝑦2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠.
=∫ ∫
0 0 1. 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚
3 √9−𝑦 2
𝒛 = ±√𝟗 − 𝒚𝟐
(4𝑦 + 16𝑧) 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦 2. 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚
=∫ ∫ 𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑧 = 0
0 0 3. 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚
2 𝑦2 = 9
3 √9−𝑦 2 𝑧 2 √9−𝑦
= ∫0 (4𝑦[𝑧]0 + 16 [ ] ) 𝑑𝑦 𝒚 = ±𝟑
2 0 𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏’𝒔 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒎 (𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 & 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙)
3
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
= ∫ (4𝑦 (√9 − 𝑦 2 ) + 16(9 − 𝑦 2 )) 𝑑𝑦 𝐼𝑓 𝑢, 𝑣, , 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅
0 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐶, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛,

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 15
 𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒖 𝐓𝐨 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ∶ ∫𝑪(𝒖𝒅𝒙 + 𝒗𝒅𝒚)
∫(𝒖𝒅𝒙 + 𝒗𝒅𝒚) = ∬ ( − ) 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚
𝑪 𝑹 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∫ + ∫ + ∫ + ∫. x=0
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶 C
𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝑂 y
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢
𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝑨 ∶ =
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝟏 ∶ 𝐼𝑓 = , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑦 = 0 b
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝐶

𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 y=0

𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝟐 ∶ 𝐼𝑓 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐶, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦
𝑎
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫(𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥). ∫[(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦] = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2 𝐶 0
𝑂𝐴 O (0,0) B
𝑎
𝑥3 𝑎3
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 =[ ] =
3 0 3
1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ∫[(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦], 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑨𝑩:
𝐶
𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑋𝑂𝑌 − 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: 𝑥: 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑏
𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏.
𝑏
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ ∫[(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦] = ∫ 2𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑦
0
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝐴𝐵
Green’s theorem is, ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝑏
𝐶 𝑅 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑦2
= 2𝑎 [ ] = 𝑎𝑏 2
𝑢 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 𝑣 = 2𝑥𝑦 2 0

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑩𝑪:
= −2𝑦 = 2𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: 𝑥: 𝑎 𝑡𝑜 0
0
∫[(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦] = ∫ (𝑥 2 − 𝑏 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑎
𝐵𝐶
𝑎
= − ∫ (𝑥 2 − 𝑏 2 )𝑑𝑥
0
𝑎 𝑎
𝑥3 𝑎3
= ∫ (𝑏 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = [𝑏 2 𝑥 − ] = 𝑎𝑏 2 −
0 3 0 3

𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝑶:

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 16
𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 = 0 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
= −16𝑦 = −6𝑦
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑦 ∶ 𝑏 𝑡𝑜 0 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

∫[(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦] = 0 𝐓𝐨 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ∶ ∫𝑪(𝒖𝒅𝒙 + 𝒗𝒅𝒚)

𝐶𝑂
∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∫ + ∫ + ∫. X
𝑎3 𝑎3 𝐶
∴ ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∫ + ∫ + ∫ + ∫. = + 𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑎𝑏 2 − + 0 𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑂 +
𝐶 3 3
𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝑂 𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝑨 ∶ Y
= 2𝑎𝑏 2
− − − (𝐴) 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑦 = 0 = y=0
O1
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1
(0,0)
𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒖
𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆: ∬ ( − ) 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚
𝑹 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
1 1
2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠: 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 & 𝑦: 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑏 ∫{(3𝑥 − 8𝑦 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦} = ∫ 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3 [ ]
0 2 0
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝑏 𝑎 𝑂𝐴 A x
∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑦 − (−2𝑦))𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 3 3 =
𝑅 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 0 0 = (1 − 0) =
2 2 0
𝑏 𝑎
= ∫ ∫ 4𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑨𝑩 ∶
0 0
𝑥+𝑦 =1 ⇒𝑦 =1−𝑥
𝑏
= 4 ∫ 𝑦[𝑥]𝑎0 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑑𝑥
0
𝑏 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 1 𝑡𝑜 0
= 4 ∫ 𝑦(𝑎 − 0) 𝑑𝑦 0
0 2 )𝑑𝑥
∫{(3𝑥 − 8𝑦 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦} = ∫{(3𝑥 − 8(1 − 𝑥)2 )𝑑𝑥}
𝑏 2 𝑏
𝑦 𝐴𝐵 1
= 4𝑎 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 4𝑎 [ ] = 2𝑎(𝑏 2 − 0) = 2𝑎𝑏 2 − − − (𝐵)
0 2 0 +(4(1 − 𝑥) − 6𝑥(1 − 𝑥))(−𝑑𝑥)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐴) & (𝐵), 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑. 0

= ∫{(3𝑥 − 8(1 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 − (4 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥}

1
2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑋𝑌 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ∫{(3𝑥 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦}
0
𝐶

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1. = ∫{(3𝑥 − 8 − 8𝑥 2 + 16𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − (4 − 10𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥}
1
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ Green’s theorem is, ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 0
𝐶 𝑅 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
= ∫(19𝑥 − 8 − 8𝑥 2 − 4 + 10𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 8𝑦 2 𝑣 = 4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 1

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 17
 0 1 1−𝑦
2) =∫ ∫ (−6𝑦 + 16𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
= ∫(29𝑥 − 12 − 14𝑥 𝑑𝑥 0 0
1 1 1−𝑦
1 =∫ ∫ 10𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
0 0
= − ∫(29𝑥 − 12 − 14𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1
0 1−𝑦
= 10 ∫ 𝑦 [𝑥]0 𝑑𝑦
1 0
3 1 2 1
𝑥 𝑥
= ∫(14𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 12) 𝑑𝑥 = 14 [ ] − 29 [ ] + 12[𝑥]10 1
3 0 2 0 = 10 ∫ 𝑦(1 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
0
0
14 29 1
= (1 − 0) − (1 − 0) + 12(1 − 0)
3 2 = 10 ∫ (𝑦 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
0
14 29
= − + 12 𝑦2 𝑦3
1 1
3 2
= 10 {[ ] − [ ] }
28 − 87 + 72 13 2 0 3 0
= =
6 6

1 1
𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑩𝑶: = 10 [ − ]
2 3
𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 = 0 3−2 1 5
= 10 [ ] = 10 [ ] = − − − (𝐵)
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠: 𝑦 ∶ 1 𝑡𝑜 0 6 6 3
0 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐴) & (𝐵), 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑.
∫{(3𝑥 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦} = ∫ 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1
𝐵𝑂
1
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑋𝑌 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ∫{(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦}
= −4 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝐶
0
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
1
𝑦2
= −4 [ ] = −2(1 − 0) = −2 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶
2 0
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢
Green’s theorem is, ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
∴ ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∫ + ∫ + ∫. 𝐶 𝑅 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝐶
𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑂
𝑢 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑣 = 𝑥2
3 13 9 + 13 − 12 10 5
= + −2= = = − − − (𝐴)
2 6 6 6 3 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒖 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑥
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆: ∬ ( − ) 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚
𝑹 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1 − 𝑦 & 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 18
 𝐓𝐨 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ∶ ∫𝑪(𝒖𝒅𝒙 + 𝒗𝒅𝒚) 𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒖
𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∬ ( − ) 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚
𝑹 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∫ + ∫.
𝐶 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 𝑡𝑜 √𝑦 & 𝑦: 0 𝑡𝑜 1
𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝑂
1 √𝑦
𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝑨: 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢
∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑥 − (𝑥 + 2𝑦))𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 0 𝑦
𝑅

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: 𝑥: 0 𝑡𝑜 1 1 √𝑦

1
= ∫ ∫ (𝑥 − 2𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

A
0 𝑦
∫{(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦} = ∫ (𝑥(𝑥 2 ) + 𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑦
𝑂𝐴
0 1
𝑥2 √ 𝑦
= ∫ {[ ] − 2𝑦[𝑥]√𝑦 } 𝑑𝑦
1
0 2 𝑦
= ∫ (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
1
0 𝑦 𝑦2
1 = ∫ {( − ) − 2𝑦(√𝑦 − 𝑦)} 𝑑𝑦
2 2
= ∫ (3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥 0
1
0 𝑦 𝑦2 3
4 1 5 1 = ∫ ( − − 2𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑥 3 1 19 B 0 2 2
= 3[ ] +[ ] = + =
4 0 5 0 4 5 20 1
𝑦 3𝑦 2 3
=∫ ( + − 2𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
0 2 2
𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑨𝑶 ∶
𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 1 1 5 1
𝑦2 3 𝑦3 𝑦2
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 1 𝑡𝑜 0 = [ ] + [ ] −2[ ]
4 0 2 3 0 5
0 2 0
∫{(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦} = ∫ (𝑥(𝑥) + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 (𝑑𝑥) 1 1 4
𝐴𝑂
1 = + −
4 2 5
1
= − ∫ 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 5 + 10 − 16 1
= =− − − − (𝐵)
0 20 20
1
𝑥3 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐴)& (𝐵), 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑.
= −3 [ ]
3 0

= −1 4. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 , ∫{(3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦}
𝐶

∴ ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∫ + ∫. 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .

𝐶
𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝑂
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶
19 −1
= −1 = − − − (𝐴) 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢
20 20 Green’s theorem is, ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝐶 𝑅 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 19
 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑦 ∶ 1 𝑡𝑜 0
𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 𝑣 = 4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦
0
2 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 ∫{(3𝑥 − 8𝑦 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦} = ∫{(3𝑦 4 − 8𝑦 2 )(2𝑦𝑑𝑦) + (4𝑦 − 6(𝑦 2 )𝑦)𝑑𝑦}
= −16𝑦 = −6𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝐴𝑂 1
0
𝐓𝐨 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞: ∫𝑪(𝒖𝒅𝒙 + 𝒗𝒅𝒚) = ∫(6𝑦 5 − 16𝑦 3 + 4𝑦 − 6𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑦
1
∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∫ + ∫. 0
𝐶
𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝑂
= ∫(6𝑦 5 − 22𝑦 3 + 4𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝑨 ∶ 1

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦6
0
𝑦4
0
𝑦2
0
= 6 [ ] − 22 [ ] + 4 [ ]
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: 𝑥: 0 𝑡𝑜 1 6 1 4 1 2 1

∫{(3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦} (0 11

= (0 − 1) − (0 − 1) + 2(0 − 1)
𝑂𝐴 ,0 2
1 ) 11
= −1 + −2
= ∫{(3𝑥 − 8𝑥 2 4 )𝑑𝑥 2
0 11 11 − 6 5
= −3 = =
+ (4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥(𝑥 2 ))(2𝑥𝑑𝑥)} 2 2 2

∴ ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∫ + ∫.
𝐶
𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝑂

5 3
= −1 +
= − − − (𝐴)
2 2
𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒖
1 𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∬ ( − ) 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚
𝑹 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
= ∫(3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 𝑦 2 𝑡𝑜 √𝑦 & 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1
0

1 1 √𝑦
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢
∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (−6𝑦 − (−16𝑦))𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
= ∫(3𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 0 𝑦2
𝑅
0
1 √𝑦
1 1 1
𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥4 = ∫ ∫ (−6𝑦 + 16𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
= 3 [ ] − 20 [ ] + 8 [ ] 0 𝑦2
3 0 5 0 4 0
1 √𝑦
20 20 15 − 20 = ∫ ∫ 10𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
=1− +2=3− = = −1 𝑦2
5 5 5 0

𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑨𝑶 ∶
Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 20
 1
𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 & 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 10 ∫ 𝑦 [𝑥]√𝑦2 𝑑𝑦
0 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1
= 10 ∫ 𝑦 (√y − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
0 𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 ∶ 𝜃 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 2𝜋
1 3
= 10 ∫ (𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝐓𝐨 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ∶ ∫(𝒖𝒅𝒙 + 𝒗𝒅𝒚)
0
𝑪
5 1
4 1
𝑦2 𝑦 ∫(𝑥 − 2𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 10 {[ ] −[ ] }
5 4 0 𝐶
2 0
2𝜋
2 1 = ∫ (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
A
= 10 { (1 − 0) − } 0
5 4
2 1 8−5 3 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
= 10 ( − ) = 10 ( ) = 10 ( ) = − − − (𝐵) 2𝜋
5 4 20 20 2
= ∫ (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐴)& (𝐵), 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑. 0
2
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
′ 2𝜋
5. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 ∫(𝑥 − 2𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
=∫ {− ( ) +2( )
𝐶 0 2 2
𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1. 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
+( )} 𝑑𝜃
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 2
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ Green’s theorem is, ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 1 2𝜋
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 = ∫0 {−𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 + 2 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃} 𝑑𝜃
𝐶 𝑅 2

1 2𝜋
𝑢 = 𝑥 − 2𝑦 𝑣=𝑥 = ∫ {3 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃} 𝑑𝜃
2 0
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 1 −𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 2𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 2𝜋
= −2 =1 = {3[𝜃]2𝜋
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 0 −[ ] −[ ] }
2 2 0 2 0
1 1 1
= {3(2𝜋 − 0) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠0) − (𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜋 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛0)}
2 2 2
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1, 𝑤. 𝑘. 𝑡. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠, 1 1 1
= {6𝜋 + (1 − 1) − (0 − 0)}
2 2 2
= 3𝜋 − − − (𝐴)
𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒖
𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∬ ( − ) 𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚
𝑹 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 21
 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ −1 𝑡𝑜 1
∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∬(1 − (−2)) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑅 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑅
𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 √1 − 𝑥 2
= ∬3 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 1 √1−𝑥 2
𝑅 ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 2𝑥 − (−2𝑦) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 −1 0
𝑅

1 √1−𝑥 2
= 2∫ ∫ (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
= 3 ∬ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 −1 0
𝑅 1 √1−𝑥 2
= 3{𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒} = 2∫ ∫ (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
−1 0
= 3{𝜋𝑟 2 } = 3𝜋 − − − (𝐵) O (0,0)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐴)& (𝐵), 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑.
1
√ 2
= 2 ∫ {𝑥[𝑦]0 1−𝑥
−1
6. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒, 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 ∫{(2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 } 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠
𝐶
√1−𝑥 2
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑋 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖 𝑦2
+[ ] } 𝑑𝑥
2 2
2 0
𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑥𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒.
1
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶
= 2 ∫ {𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 −1
Green’s theorem is, ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 1
𝐶 𝑅 + [1 − 𝑥 2 ]} 𝑑𝑥
2
2 2
𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑣 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 1
= −2𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 1
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 = 2 ∫ {𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 } 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ [1 − 𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
−1 2 −1
1
= 0 + 2 ∫ [1 − 𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
0
1
𝑥3 1 2 4
= 2 {[𝑥]10 − [ ] } = 2 {1 − } = 2 { } =
3 0 3 3 3

7. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦

1
∫(𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥). 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃.
2 𝐶

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 22
 1 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 1 1
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, ∫(𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥) = ∫ ( 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥) = ∫ (− 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫(𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥) + ∫(𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥)
2 𝐶 𝐶 2 2 𝐶 2 2 2 2
𝐶1 𝐶2
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢
Green’s theorem is, ∫(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = ∬ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝐶1 ∶ 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦 𝐶2 ∶ 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥
𝐶 𝑅

−𝑦 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑢= 𝑣= 𝑦= 𝑥=
2 2 4 4
2𝑥 𝑥 2𝑦 𝑦
𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑣 1 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥  𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
=− = 4 2 4 2
𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 2
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 4 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝑦 ∶ 4 𝑡𝑜 0
𝑦 𝑥 1 1 1 1
∫ (− 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦) = ∬ ( − (− )) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∬ ( + ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝐶 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 𝑥2 𝑥2 1 0 𝑦2 𝑦2
𝑅 𝑅 = ∫0 ( 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥) + ∫4 ( 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦)
2 2 4 2 4 2
4 0
= ∬ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥2 𝑥2 1 𝑦2 𝑦2
𝑅 = ∫ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( − ) 𝑑𝑦
2 2 4 2 4 2
1 0 4
∫(𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥) = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒 4 0
2 𝐶 1 𝑥2 1 −𝑦 2
= ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∶ 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒑𝒔𝒆 2 4 2 4
0 4
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = −𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒔 ∶ 𝜃 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 2𝜋

A
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒 = ∫(𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥)
2 𝐶 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
1−
1 2𝜋 =(
= ∫ {𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃) − 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (−𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃)} 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
2 0
1+
𝑎𝑏 2𝜋 =(
= ∫ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)𝑑𝜃
2 0 O (0,0)
2𝜋
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
= ∫ 𝑑𝜃 = [2𝜋 − 0] = 𝜋𝑎𝑏
2 0 2

8. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 = 4y by using Green′ s theorem.

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 23
 4 4 4 4
1 1 1 𝑥3 1 𝑦3 ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣
= ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = [ ] + [ ]
8 8 8 3 0 8 3 0 𝑆 𝑉
0 0

1 1 8 8 16 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗

= (64 − 0) + (64 − 0) = + = 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
24 24 3 3 3 ∇. 𝐹⃗ = ( 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗) . (4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) = 4𝑧 − 2𝑦 + 𝑦 = 4𝑧 − 𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶
𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1 , 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1 , 𝑧 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1
𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒔

1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫(𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠

1 1 1
𝐶
∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ ∫ ∫ (4𝑧
𝜋 𝜋 −(8+𝜋2 ) 0 0 0
𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑂𝐴𝐵 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑂(0,0); 𝐴 ( , 0) ; 𝐵 ( , 1). 𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 𝑉
2 2 4𝜋
− 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫(2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 1 1
= ∫0 ∫0 {4𝑧[𝑥]10 − 𝑦[𝑥]10 } 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝐶

1
1 1
O
2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑦 . 2
𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ = ∫ ∫ {4𝑧(1 − 0) − 𝑦(1 − 0)} 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
30 0 0 (0,0,0) A
1 1

𝑮𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒔 𝑫𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒎[𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 & 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙] = ∫ ∫ {4𝑧 − 𝑦} 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
0 0
𝐼𝑓 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑓 𝐹⃗ 1
𝑦2
1
= ∫ {4𝑧[𝑦]10 − [ ] } 𝑑𝑧
𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑉, 0 2 0
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 1
1
= ∫ {4𝑧(1 − 0) − [ ]} 𝑑𝑧
O (0,0) C
⃗⃗. 𝒏 ⃗⃗ 𝒅𝒗 2 (
∬𝑭 ̂ 𝒅𝒔 = ∭ 𝛁. 𝑭 0

𝑺 𝑽 1 1 𝑧2
1
1
4,
= ∫0 {4𝑧 − [ ]} 𝑑𝑧 = 4 [ ] − [𝑧]10 = 2 − 4
2 2 0 2
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∇=
𝜕𝑥
𝑖⃗ +
𝜕𝑦
𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕𝑧
1 3 O )
= − − − (𝐴)
2 2 (
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∶ ∬ ⃗𝑭⃗. 𝒏
̂ 𝒅𝒔 0,
𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝑺 0
1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 )
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬.
𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1.
𝑆 𝑆1 𝑆2 𝑆3 𝑆4 𝑆5 𝑆6
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚
Face 𝑛̂

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 24
 𝑆1 ABCD 𝑘⃗⃗ = ∬ 4𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝐵𝐸𝐹𝐶
𝑆2 OEFG −𝑘⃗⃗ 1 1
= 4 ∫ ∫ (1)𝑧 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 [∵ 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑛 𝑆3 ]
𝑆3 BEFC 𝑖⃗ 0 0
1
𝑆4 OGDA −𝑖⃗ = 4 ∫ 𝑧 [𝑦]10 𝑑𝑧
0
𝑆5 CFGD 𝑗⃗ 1 1 1
𝑧2
= 4 ∫ 𝑧(1 − 0) 𝑑𝑧 = 4 ∫ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 4 [ ] = 2(1 − 0) = 2
𝑆6 OABE −𝑗⃗ 0 0 2 0

𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟏 : 𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟒 ∶

∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠1 = ∬ (4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) . 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠4 = ∬ (4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) . (−𝑖⃗) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑆4 𝑂𝐺𝐷𝐴
𝑆1 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷

= ∬ 𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∬ −4𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧

𝑂𝐺𝐷𝐴
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
1 1
1 1
= ∫ ∫ 𝑦(1)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 [∵ 𝑧 = 1 𝑜𝑛 𝑆1 ] = −4 ∫ ∫ (0)𝑧 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 = 0 [∵ 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑛 𝑆4 ]
0 0
0 0
1 1 𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟓 ∶
= ∫ ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
0 0 ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠5 = ∬ (4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) . 𝑗⃗ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
1 1 1 2 1
𝑦 1 𝑆5 𝐶𝐹𝐺𝐷
= ∫ 𝑦[𝑥]10 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦(1 − 0) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = [ ] =
0 0 0 2 2
0 = ∬ −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟐 : 𝐶𝐹𝐺𝐷
1 1
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠2 = ∬ (4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) . (−𝑘⃗⃗) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ ∫ (1)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 [∵ 𝑦 = 1 𝑜𝑛 𝑆5 ]
𝑆2 𝑂𝐸𝐹𝐺 0 0
1 1 1

= ∬ −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ [𝑥]10 𝑑𝑧 = − ∫ (1 − 0) 𝑑𝑧 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑧 = −[𝑧]10 = −1

0 0 0
𝑂𝐸𝐹𝐺
1 1 𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟔 :
= − ∫ ∫ 𝑦(0)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 [∵ 𝑧 = 0 𝑜𝑛 𝑆2 ]
0 0 ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠6 = ∬ (4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) . (−𝑗⃗) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟑 : 𝑆6 OABE

∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠3 = ∬(4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗) . 𝑖⃗ 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 = ∬ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧

OABE
𝑆3 𝐵𝐸𝐹𝐶

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 25
 1 1 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
[∵ 𝑦 = 0 𝑜𝑛 𝑆6 ] = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧) + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥) + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)
= ∫ ∫ (0) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 = 0 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
0 0
= (2𝑥) + (2𝑦) + (2𝑧)
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬.
∇. 𝐹⃗ = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
𝑆 𝑆1 𝑆2 𝑆3 𝑆4 𝑆5 𝑆6
𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒔 ∶
1 3
= +0+2+0−1+0 = − − − (𝐵) 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑎, 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑏, 𝑧 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑐 (
2 2
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴 & 𝐵 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑. 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 0, A
∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 1,
0 0 0
2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑑
𝑉 0
+ 𝑧) 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 E ) F
𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑏, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 𝑐, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ +
(𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗
D (
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 B 0,
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣
0,
( G 1
𝑆 𝑉
1, )
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗
0,
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
∇. 𝐹⃗ = ( 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗) . ((𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗ ) 𝑧2 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = 2 ∫ ∫ {𝑥[𝑧]𝑐0 + 𝑦[𝑧]𝑐0 + [ ] } 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 2 0 )
𝑎 𝑏
1
= 2 ∫ ∫ {𝑥(𝑐 − 0) + 𝑦(𝑐 − 0) + (𝑐 2 − 0)} 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 2
𝑎 𝑏
𝑐2
= 2 ∫ ∫ {𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 + } 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 2
𝑎 𝑏
𝑦2 𝑐2
= 2 ∫ {𝑐𝑥[𝑦]𝑏0 + 𝑐 [ ] + [𝑦]𝑏0 } 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0 2
𝑎
𝑐 𝑐2
= 2 ∫ {𝑐𝑥(𝑏 − 0) + (𝑏 2 − 0) + (𝑏 − 0)} 𝑑𝑥
0 2 2
𝑎
𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑏𝑐 2
= 2 ∫ {𝑏𝑐𝑥 + + } 𝑑𝑥
0 2 2
𝑎
𝑥2 𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏𝑐 2 𝑎
= 2 {𝑏𝑐 [ ] + [𝑥]0 + [𝑥]0 }
2 0 2 2

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 26
 𝑏𝑐 𝑏2𝑐 𝑏𝑐 2 𝑏
𝑦
= 2 { (𝑎2 − 0) + (𝑎 − 0) + (𝑎 − 0)} = ∫ {𝑐 2 (𝑎 − 0) − (𝑎2 − 0)} 𝑑𝑦
2 2 2 0 2
𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 𝑏
𝑎2 𝑦
= 2{ + + } = ∫ {𝑎𝑐 2 − } 𝑑𝑦
2 2 2 0 2
= 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 𝑏
𝑎2 𝑦 2
= {𝑎𝑐 2 [𝑦]𝑏0 − [ ] }
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) − − − (𝐴) 2 2 0

⃗⃗. 𝒏
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∶ ∬ 𝑭 ̂ 𝒅𝒔 𝑎2 2 𝑎2 𝑏 2
= {𝑎𝑐 2 (𝑏 − 0) − (𝑏 − 0)} = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 −
𝑺 4 4
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟐 :
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬.
𝑆 𝑆1 𝑆2 𝑆3 𝑆4 𝑆5 𝑆6
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠2 = ∬ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗} . (−𝑘⃗⃗) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
Face 𝑛̂ 𝑆2 𝑂𝐸𝐹𝐺

𝑆1 ABCD 𝑘⃗⃗ = ∬ −(𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

𝑂𝐸𝐹𝐺
𝑆2 OEFG −𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑏 𝑎
= ∫ ∫ (𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 [∵ 𝑧 = 0 𝑜𝑛 𝑆2 ]
𝑆3 BEFC 𝑖⃗ 0 0
𝑏 𝑎

𝑆4 OGDA −𝑖⃗ = ∫ 𝑦 {∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 } 𝑑𝑦
0 0
𝑏 𝑎
𝑆5 CFGD 𝑗⃗ 𝑥2
=∫ 𝑦 [ ] 𝑑𝑦
0 2 0
𝑆6 OABE −𝑗⃗
1 𝑏
= ∫ 𝑦 (𝑎2 − 0)𝑑𝑦
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟏 : 2 0
𝑏
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠1 = ∬ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗} . 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑎2 𝑦 2 𝑎2 𝑏 2
= ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = [ ] =
𝑆1 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
2 0 2 2 0 4

𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟑 :
= ∬ (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠1 = ∬ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗} . 𝑖⃗ 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑏 𝑎
𝑆3 𝐵𝐸𝐹𝐶
= ∫ ∫ (𝑐 2 − 𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 [∵ 𝑧 = 𝑐 𝑜𝑛 𝑆1 ]
0 0
𝑎
= ∬ (𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑏
𝑥2
= ∫ {𝑐 2 [𝑥]𝑎0 − 𝑦 [ ] } 𝑑𝑦 𝐵𝐸𝐹𝐶
0 2 0

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 27
 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎
𝑥2 𝑐
𝑎2
= ∫ ∫ (𝑎2 − 𝑦𝑧) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 [∵ 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑜𝑛 𝑆3 ] = ∫ {𝑏 2 [𝑥]𝑎0 − 𝑧 [ ] } 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ {𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑧} 𝑑𝑧
0 0 0 2 0 0 2
𝑐 2 𝑏 𝑐
𝑦 𝑎2 𝑧 2
= ∫ {𝑎2 [𝑦]𝑏0 − 𝑧 [ ] } 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑎𝑏 2 [𝑧]𝑐0 − [ ]
0 2 0 2 2 0
𝑐
𝑏2 𝑎2 2 𝑎2 𝑐 2
= ∫ {𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑧} 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑎𝑏 2 (𝑐 − 0) − (𝑐 − 0) = 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 −
0 2 4 4
𝑐 𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟔 :
𝑏2 𝑧2
= 𝑎2 𝑏[𝑧]𝑐0 − [ ]
2 2 0
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠1 = ∬ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗} . (−𝑗⃗) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
𝑏2 2 𝑏2𝑐 2 𝑆6 OABE
= 𝑎2 𝑏(𝑐 − 0) − (𝑐 − 0) = 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 −
4 4
= − ∬ (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟒 ∶
OABE
𝑐 𝑎
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠1 = ∬ {(𝑥 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + 2 (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗} . (−𝑖⃗) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 [∵ 𝑦 = 0 𝑜𝑛 𝑆6 ]
= + ∫ ∫ (𝑧𝑥) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
𝑆4 𝑂𝐺𝐷𝐴 0 0
𝑐 𝑎
= − ∬ (𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑧 {∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑧
𝑂𝐺𝐷𝐴 0 0
𝑐 𝑎 𝑐
𝑐 𝑏 𝑥2 𝑎2 𝑐 𝑎2 𝑧 2 𝑎2 𝑐 2
= + ∫ ∫ (𝑦𝑧) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 [∵ 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑛 𝑆4 ] = ∫ 𝑧[ ] 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = [ ] =
0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 4
𝑐 𝑏
= ∫ 𝑧 {∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦} 𝑑𝑧 ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬.
0 0 𝑆 𝑆1 𝑆2 𝑆3 𝑆4 𝑆5 𝑆6
𝑐 2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 2 𝑐 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑦 𝑏 𝑏 𝑧 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏2𝑐 2 𝑏2𝑐 2 𝑎2 𝑐 2 𝑎2 𝑐 2
= ∫ 𝑧[ ] 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = [ ] = = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 − + + 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 − + + 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 − +
0 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟓 ∶ = 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) − − − (𝐵)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴 & 𝐵 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑.
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠5 = ∬ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘⃗⃗} . 𝑗⃗ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
𝑆5 𝐶𝐹𝐺𝐷
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒
= ∬ (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 2.
𝐶𝐹𝐺𝐷
𝑐 𝑎
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦
=∫ ∫ (𝑏 2 − 𝑧𝑥) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 [∵ 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑜𝑛 𝑆5 ]
0 0 ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣
𝑆 𝑉

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 28
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = 𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ ⃗⃗. 𝒏
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅: ∬ 𝑭 ̂ 𝒅𝒔
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝑺
∇. 𝐹⃗ = ( 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗) . (𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗) = (𝑦) + (𝑥) + (𝑧 2 ) = 2𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ + ∬ + ∬.
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑆 𝑆1 𝑆2 𝑆3
O (0,0,0)
𝑥 ∶ −3 𝑡𝑜 3, 𝑦 ∶ −√9 − 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑜 √9 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑧 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 2 𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟏 : 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑛̂ = −𝑘⃗⃗
3 √9−𝑥 2 2
∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠1 = ∬(𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗) . (−𝑘⃗⃗) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
−3 −√9−𝑥 2 0 𝑆1 𝑆1
𝑉

3 9−𝑥 2 √ 2
∭𝑉 ∇. 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫−3 ∫−√9−𝑥2 ∫0 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∬(−𝑧 2 ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 [∵ 𝑧 = 0 𝑜𝑛 𝑆1 ]
𝑆1
3 √9−𝑥 2 2
𝑧2
=∫ ∫ 2 [ ] 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟐 : 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑛̂ = 𝑘⃗⃗
−3 −√9−𝑥 2 2 0
3 √9−𝑥 2
A ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠1 = ∬(𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗) . (𝑘⃗⃗) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
=∫ ∫
−3 −√9−𝑥 2
4 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 E 𝑆2 𝑆2

3 √9−𝑥 2
= ∬(𝑧 2 ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 [∵ 𝑧 = 2 𝑜𝑛 𝑆2 ]
= 4 ∫−3[𝑦] 𝑑𝑥
−√9−𝑥 2 𝑆2
3
= 4 ∫ [√9 − 𝑥 2 − (−√9 − 𝑥 2 )] 𝑑𝑥
G = 4 ∬ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
−3
3 C 𝑆2

= 4 {𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9} = 4{𝜋𝑟 2 } = 4{9𝜋} = 36𝜋

= 4 ∫ 2 √9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 (0,0,c)
−3
3
B 𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟑 : 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑛̂ = |∇𝜑|
∇𝜑

= 8 ∫ √9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝜑 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 9
−3
3
D F 𝜕
∇𝜑 = ( 𝑖⃗ +
𝜕 𝜕
𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 9)
= 8 × 2 ∫ √9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
0

𝑥 9 𝑥 3 ∇𝜑 = 2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗
= 16 [ √9 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )] 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 9
3 2 3 0 |∇𝜑| = √4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2√9 = 6 𝑦2 = 9 − 𝑥2
9 (0,b,0) ∇𝜑 2𝑥𝑖⃗ + 2𝑦𝑗⃗ 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ 𝒚 = ±√𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐
= 16 [0 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 (1) − 0] 𝑛̂ = = =
2 |∇𝜑| 6 3 Put 𝑦 = 0
9 𝜋 𝑥2 = 9
= 16 × . = 36𝜋 − − − (𝐴) 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ 𝒙 = ±𝟑
2 2 (a,0,0) ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠3 = ∬(𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗) . ( ) 𝑑𝑠3
3
𝑆3 𝑆3

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 29
 1 3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒
= ∬(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑠3
3
𝑆3 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑏, 𝑧 = 0 & 𝑧 = 𝑐. 𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
1 4. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑧𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒
= ∬(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑠3
3
𝑆3 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = ±1, 𝑦 = ±1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = ±1. 𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 0
2
= ∬ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑠3
3 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒌𝒆’𝒔 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒎 [𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 & 𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙]
𝑆3
2𝜋 2 𝐼𝑓 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑓 𝐹⃗
2
= ∫ ∫(3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)(3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)3𝑑𝑧𝑑𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑆,
3
0 0
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
2𝜋 2

= 9 ∫ ∫ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝜃 ⃗⃗. 𝒅𝒓 = ∬(𝛁 × 𝐅⃗). 𝒏

∫𝑭 ̂ 𝒅𝑺 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝑪
0 0 𝑺
2𝜋 2

= 9 ∫ ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝜃 𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔

0 0
1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑖⃗ − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗⃗ 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒
2𝜋 2𝜋

= 9 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 [𝑧]20 𝑑𝜃 = 18 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = ±𝑎, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏.

0 0 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑠
2𝜋
−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
= 18 [ ] = −9[𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠0] = −9(1 − 1) = 0 ∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∬(∇ × F
⃗⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆
2 0 𝐶
𝑆
S O
∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ + ∬ + ∬. = 0 + 36𝜋 + 0 = 36𝜋 − − − (𝐵) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑖⃗ − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗⃗ (0,0, S
1
𝑆 𝑆1 𝑆2 𝑆3
𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗ 0) 2
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴 & 𝐵 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑. 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 |
⃗⃗ = |
∇×F
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 −2𝑥𝑦 0
𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒔
= 𝑖⃗(0 − 0) − 𝑗⃗(0 − 0) + 𝑘⃗⃗(−2𝑦 − 2𝑦)
1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 3 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ − 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑎, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 𝑎. = −4𝑦𝑘⃗⃗
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑛̂ = 𝑘⃗⃗ Z S
2. 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∬(4𝑥𝑖⃗ − 2𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗) . 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑆 𝑖𝑠
𝑆 𝑻𝒐 𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∬(𝛁 × 𝐅⃗). 𝒏
̂ 𝒅𝑺 = 3
2 2
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4, 𝑧 = 0 𝑺
2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3. 𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 84𝜋 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ −𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑏

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 30
 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
𝑦2
∬(∇ × ⃗F⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆 = ∫ ∫ (−4y𝑘⃗⃗). 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ −2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −2𝑎 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −2𝑎 [ ] = −𝑎𝑏 2
0 −𝑎 0 0 2 0
𝑆
𝑏 𝑎 𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝑫 ∶
= ∫ ∫ −4𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
0 −𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑏 ; 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑏 𝑎
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠: 𝑥 ∶ 𝑎 𝑡𝑜 − 𝑎
= −4 ∫ 𝑦 {∫ 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑦
0 −𝑎 −𝑎

𝑏 𝑎
∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑎
= −4 × 2 ∫ 𝑦 {∫ 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑦 𝐶𝐷
0 0 −𝑎
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 = ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
= −8 ∫ 𝑦 [𝑥]𝑎0 𝑑𝑦 = −8 ∫ 𝑦 (𝑎 − 0) 𝑑𝑦 = −8𝑎 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑎
0 0 0 𝑎 𝑎

2 𝑏
= − ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = −2 ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 −𝑎 0
= −8𝑎 [ ] = −4𝑎𝑏 2 − − − (𝐴)
2 0 𝑥 3 𝑎
= −2 {[ ] + 𝑏 2 [𝑥]𝑎0 }
3 0
⃗⃗. 𝒅𝒓
𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∫𝑭 ⃗⃗
𝑪
𝑎3
= −2 {( − 0) + 𝑏 2 (𝑎 − 0)}
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ + ∫ + ∫ + ∫ . 3
𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐷 𝐷𝐴
𝑎3 −2𝑎3
𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑖⃗ − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗⃗ = −2 { + 𝑎𝑏 2 } = − 2𝑎𝑏 2
3 3
𝑑𝑟⃗ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑖⃗ + 𝑑𝑦 𝑗⃗ + 𝑑𝑧 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝑨 ∶
𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 = −𝑎 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑨𝑩 ∶ 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑦 ∶ 𝑏 𝑡𝑜 0
𝑦=0 ; 𝑑𝑦 = 0 0 𝑏
∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ −2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ (−2𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ −𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝐷𝐴
𝑏 0

𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 3 𝑎
𝑥 2𝑎3 𝑏
𝑦2
𝑏
∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 [ ] = = − ∫ (2𝑎𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = −2𝑎 [ ] = −𝑎𝑏 2
−𝑎 −𝑎 0 3 0 3 2 0
𝐴𝐵 0

𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑩𝑪 ∶
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ + ∫ + ∫ + ∫ .
𝑥 = 𝑎 ; 𝑑𝑥 = 0 𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐷 𝐷𝐴
3 3
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑏 2𝑎 2𝑎
= − 𝑎𝑏 2 − − 2𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏 2 = −4𝑎𝑏 2 − − − (𝐵)
𝑏
3 3
∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐴) & (𝐵) 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑.
0
𝐵𝐶

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 31
 1 1
2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 − 𝑧 + 2)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦𝑧 + 4)𝑗⃗ − 𝑥𝑧𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
= − ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 , 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 1 0 0
1 1
𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥𝑜𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒. = − ∫ [𝑥]10 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ (1 − 0) 𝑑𝑦
0 0
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑠
1
= − ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = −[𝑦]10 = −1
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∬(∇ × F
⃗⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆
0
𝐶
𝑆
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟐 :
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 − 𝑧 + 2)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦𝑧 + 4)𝑗⃗ − 𝑥𝑧𝑘⃗⃗
⃗⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠2 = ∬ (−𝑦𝑖⃗ + (𝑧 − 1)𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗) . 𝑖⃗ 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
∬(∇ × F
𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗
𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑆2 𝐵𝐸𝐹𝐶
⃗⃗ = |
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 | B
∇×F
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = ∬ −𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑦−𝑧+2 −𝑥𝑧
D x
𝑦𝑧 + 4
𝐵𝐸𝐹𝐶
=
= 𝑖⃗(0 − 𝑦) − 𝑗⃗(−𝑧 + 1) + 𝑘⃗⃗(0 − 1)
-a ( 1 1 1
𝑦2
1

0, = − ∫ ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 = − ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑧
= −𝑦𝑖⃗ + (𝑧 − 1)𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗ 0 0 0 2 0
𝑥2
𝑰𝒇 2𝒇(𝒙) 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (
𝜋
0
1 1 1 1
𝑻𝒐 𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∬(𝛁 × 𝐅⃗). 𝒏
̂ 𝒅𝑺 +𝑦 𝑎 𝑎 = ) = − ∫ (1 − 0) 𝑑𝑧 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑧
𝑺
= 9∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 2 2 0 2 0
𝑥 𝑰𝒇 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒅𝒅 C 1 1 1
⃗⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬.
∬(∇ × F = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑎
= − [𝑧]10 = − (1 − 0) = −
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0 2 2 2
𝑆 𝑆1 𝑆2 𝑆3 𝑆4 𝑆5 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑎∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 y𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 ( )
𝑑𝑠𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞, √𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝑎𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 2 =𝑎 𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟑 :
3
Face 𝑛̂ 3
y=b = 3𝑑𝑧𝑑𝜃 ∴ ∫ √9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 0 ∬(∇ × ⃗F⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠3 = ∬ (−𝑦𝑖⃗ + (𝑧 − 1)𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗) . (−𝑖⃗) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑆1 ABCD 𝑘⃗⃗ x 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑆3 𝑂𝐺𝐷𝐴
𝑆2 BEFC 𝑖⃗ =𝑧 = 1 1
a0 𝑡𝑜 𝑧 = ∬ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑆3 OGDA −𝑖⃗ 0 0
2 𝑂𝐺𝐷𝐴
𝑆4 CFGD 𝑗⃗ 1
𝜃 1
𝑦2 1 1
𝑆5 OABE −𝑗⃗ ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 =∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ (1 − 0) 𝑑𝑧
0 2 0 2 0

𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟏 : 1 1 1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑧 = [𝑧]10 = (1 − 0) =
2 0 2 2 2
∬(∇ × ⃗F⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠2 = ∬ (−𝑦𝑖⃗ + (𝑧 − 1)𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗) . (𝑘⃗⃗) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟒 :
𝑆1 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷

= − ∬ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 ∬(∇ × ⃗F⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠4 = ∬ (−𝑦𝑖⃗ + (𝑧 − 1)𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗) . 𝑗⃗ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧

𝑆4 𝐶𝐹𝐺𝐷
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 32
 𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 ∶ 𝑥 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1
= ∬ (𝑧 − 1) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
1
𝐶𝐹𝐺𝐷
∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (𝑦 − 𝑧 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦𝑧 + 4)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑧
1 1 𝑂𝐸 0
= ∫ ∫ (𝑧 − 1) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 1
0 0
= ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2[𝑥]10 = 2(1 − 0) = 2
1
0
= ∫ {𝑧[𝑥]10 − [𝑥]10 }𝑑𝑧
0 𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑬𝑭:
1
1
𝑧2 1 1 𝑥=1 𝑑𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑧=0 𝑑𝑧 = 0
= ∫ (𝑧 − 1) 𝑑𝑧 = [ ] − [𝑧]10 = − 1 = −
0 2 0
2 2 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: 𝑦 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 1
1
𝐀𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝑺𝟓 :
∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (𝑦 − 𝑧 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦𝑧 + 4)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝐸𝐹 0
∬(∇ × ⃗F⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠5 = ∬ (−𝑦𝑖⃗ + (𝑧 − 1)𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗) . (− 𝑗⃗) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 1
𝑆5 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐸 = ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥 = 4[𝑦]10 = 4(1 − 0) = 4
0
= − ∬ (𝑧 − 1) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝑮:
𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐸
1 1
𝑦=1 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑧=0 𝑑𝑧 = 0
= ∫ ∫ (1 − 𝑧) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: 𝑥 ∶ 1 𝑡𝑜 0
0 0
0
1
=∫ {[𝑥]10 − 𝑧[𝑥]10 }𝑑𝑧 ∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (𝑦 − 𝑧 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦𝑧 + 4)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝐹𝐺 1
0
0
1 1
𝑧2 1 1 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 = 3[𝑥]10 = 3(0 − 1) = −3
= ∫ (1 − 𝑧) 𝑑𝑧 = [𝑧]10 −[ ] = 1− = 1
0 2 0 2 2
𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑮𝑶:
∬(∇ × ⃗F⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬ + ∬. 𝑥=0 𝑑𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑧=0 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑆 𝑆1 𝑆2 𝑆3 𝑆4 𝑆5
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: 𝑦 ∶ 1 𝑡𝑜 0
1 1 1 1
= −1 − + − + = −1 − − − (𝐴) 0
2 2 2 2 ∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (𝑦 − 𝑧 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦𝑧 + 4)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝐺𝑂 1
⃗⃗. 𝒅𝒓
𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 ∶ ∫𝑭 ⃗⃗ 0
𝑪
= ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥 = 4[𝑥]10 = 4(0 − 1) = −4
1
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ + ∫ + ∫ + ∫ .
𝐶 𝑂𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐹𝐺 𝐺𝑂
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ + ∫ + ∫ + ∫ . = 2 + 4 − 3 − 4 = −1 − − − (𝐵)
𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = (𝑦 − 𝑧 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦𝑧 + 4)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝐶 𝑂𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐹𝐺 𝐺𝑂

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐴) & (𝐵)𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑.

𝑨𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝑬:
𝑦=0 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑧=0 𝑑𝑧 = 0
Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 33
 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑖⃗ − 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑗⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 = 𝜋𝑟 2 [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑟 = 1] =𝜋 − − − (𝐴)
𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦. ⃗⃗. 𝒅𝒓
𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆: ∫𝑭 ⃗⃗
𝑪
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑠
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 0
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∬(∇ × F
⃗⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆
𝐶
𝑆
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝜃 ∶ 0 𝑡𝑜 2𝜋
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑖⃗ − 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑗⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑻𝒐 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆: ∬(𝛁 × 𝐅⃗). 𝒏
̂ 𝒅𝑺 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑺
𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = (2𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃) − 0 − 0
⃗⃗
∇×F=|| ||
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = (−2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)(𝑑𝜃)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 −𝑦𝑧 2 −𝑦 2 𝑧
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
= 𝑖⃗(−2𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧) − 𝑗⃗(0 − 0) + 𝑘⃗⃗(0 + 1) = 𝑘⃗⃗ = (− 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 + ( )) (𝑑𝜃)
2
2𝜋
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
∫𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (− 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 + ( )) (𝑑𝜃)
𝐶 0 2
−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 2𝜋 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 2𝜋
= −[ ] + [𝜃 − ]
2 0 2 2 0
1 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜋
= + [𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠0] + [2𝜋 − − 0]
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑛̂ = −𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑥𝑜𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 2 2 2
1 1
⃗⃗). 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆 = ∬(𝑘⃗⃗). (−𝑘⃗⃗) 𝑑𝑆
∬(∇ × F = + [1 − 1] + [2𝜋 − 0] = 𝜋 − − − (𝐵)
2 2
𝑆 𝑆 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝐴) & (𝐵) 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒’𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑.
= − ∬ 𝑑𝑆
𝑆 𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒔
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦
= −∬ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 𝑜𝑛 𝑥𝑜𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒
𝑛̂. 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑖⃗ + 2𝑥𝑦𝑗⃗ in the rectangular region in the XOY plane bounded by the
𝑅

𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 lines 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏.

= −∬
−𝑘⃗⃗. 𝑘⃗⃗
𝑅 2.𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥𝑦𝑖⃗ − 2𝑦𝑧𝑗⃗ − 𝑧𝑥𝑘⃗⃗ where S is the open surface of
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 the rectangular parallopiped formed by 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0,
= −∬ = + ∬ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
−1
𝑅 𝑅 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑋𝑂𝑌 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒.

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 34
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑧 𝑗⃗ + 𝑥 𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑆 𝑖𝑠
𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦.

4. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫(𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦) 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒

𝐶

𝑖𝑛 𝑋𝑌 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 (1,0), (−1,0), (0,1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0, −1).

𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
PART-A 2014 May-June
1. Find the unit normal vector to the surface 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑧 𝑎𝑡 (1, −2,5).
2. Prove that curl(grad ø)=0.
PART-B
⃗⃗ 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1.
2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑟 𝑛 𝑟⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙.
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑖⃗ + 2𝑥𝑦𝑗⃗ 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑧 = 0 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏.

PART-A 2014 Nov-Dec

⃗⃗ .
1. Find 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹⃗ = 𝑥𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑥𝑘
2. State Stoke’s Theorem.
PART-B
1. Find the angle between the normal to the surface 𝑥 2 = 𝑦𝑧 at the points
(1,1,1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2,4,1).
2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ∫𝑐[ (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦],
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 & 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1.
⃗⃗ , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑆 𝑖𝑠
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 35
 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 4𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑧 3 − 11 = 0 𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (2, −1, −3).
𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1. ⃗⃗ , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑆 𝑖𝑠
4. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘
4. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥)𝑖⃗ − (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦)𝑗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙. 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1,
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙. 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1.

𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐀 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝐌𝐚𝐲 − 𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐞 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐀 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟐 − 𝐌𝐚𝐲 − 𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐞

1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ∅ = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑎𝑡 (1,1,1) 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ⃗⃗
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝜆 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐹⃗ = (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (4𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘
⃗⃗ .
𝑜𝑓 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙.
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵
⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴⃗ , 𝐵
⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙. 2. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚.
𝑷𝑨𝑹𝑻 − 𝑩 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐁
⃗⃗
1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑖⃗ − 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑗⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑧𝑘 ⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠
1. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧 2 )𝑖⃗ + (2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (2𝑥 2 𝑧 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘
𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 = 1, 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙.
𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒. 2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ∫[ (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦],
⃗⃗ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒
2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑧𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘 𝑐

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = ±1, 𝑦 = ±1, 𝑧 = ±1. 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 & 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1.

⃗⃗
3. 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚, 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹⃗ = 𝑦 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑥 2 𝑗⃗ − (𝑥 + 𝑧)𝑘
𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐀 2013-Nov-Dec 𝑐

1. 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝐼𝑓 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 − 2𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (𝑥 + 2𝜆𝑧)𝑘⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ′𝐶′ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 (0,0,0), (1,0,0), (1,1,0).
𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜆. 4. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦
′
2. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚. ⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (0,0,0) 𝑡𝑜 (2,1,3).
𝐹⃗ = 3𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + (2𝑥𝑧 − 𝑦)𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘
𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐁
1. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙. 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐀 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝐍𝐨𝐯 − 𝐃𝐞𝐜

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙. ⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙.

1. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐹⃗ = 𝑦𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑧𝑥𝑗⃗ + 𝑥𝑦𝑘

2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑖⃗ − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗⃗ 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 2. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚.

𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = −𝑎, 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏. 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐁

3. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠. 𝑎𝑥 3 − 𝑏𝑦 2 𝑧 − (𝑎 + 3)𝑥 2 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⃗⃗ 𝑖𝑠

1. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧 2 )𝑖⃗ + (2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (2𝑥 2 𝑧 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 36
 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙. 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐁
2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑖⃗ − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗⃗ 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ∫𝑐 ( 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦

𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = ±𝑎, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏. 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1.
⃗⃗ , 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘 2. 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∅ = 0.

𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1. ⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒

3. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∬𝑠𝐹⃗ . 𝑛⃗⃗ 𝑑𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹⃗ = 2𝑥𝑦𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑥𝑧𝑘
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3.

PART-A 2011- Nov-Dec

1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
⃗⃗ .
(2, −1,1) 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘
⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦
2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∭ ∇. 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ + 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑧 2 𝑘
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 0 ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ≤ 1.
𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐁
⃗⃗, 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑟)𝑟⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑
1. 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓(𝑟), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑧𝑘
𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙.
⃗⃗,
2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑖⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑗⃗ − 𝑥𝑧𝑘
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1,
𝑧 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥𝑜𝑦 − 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒.
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝐹⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙(𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝐹 −1 ) = ∇(∇. 𝐹 −1 ) − ∇2 𝐹⃗
⃗⃗
4. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 ′ 𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑘
𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑
0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1.

𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 − 𝐀 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐞

1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1
⃗⃗
2. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 + 3𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑥)𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑧)𝑘
𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙.

Dr.A.Manickam Assistant Professor(Sr.G) of Mathematics (SASL) VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY , Kotrikalan – 644 114. Page 37