WORK IMMERSION

2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter

○ Providing leadership on matters critical to
health and engaging in partnerships where
OUTLINE
joint actions are needed.
○ Shaping the research agenda and stimulating
I. Philippine Healthcare Delivery System
the generation, translation, and disseminating

II. Patient’s Bill of Rights valuable knowledge.

○ Setting norms and standards and promoting

III. Therapeutic Communication and monitoring their implementation.

○ Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy
IV. Work Ethics options
○ Providing technical support, catalyzing change,
and building sustainable institutional capacity
Philippine Healthcare Delivery System ● Past decade, WHO with DOH
○ Development and provision of services towards
the attainment of health-related Millennium
Health System
Development Goals (MDGs).
● Consists of all organizations, people, and actions ○ 2016 - Sustainable Development Goals
whose primary intent is to promote, restore, or
maintain health.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
● It has 6 building blocks or components: (WHO,
2007a) ● The SDGs cover a broad range of social and economic

1. Service delivery development issues. These include poverty, hunger,

2. Health workforce health, education, climate change, gender equality,

3. Information water, sanitation, energy, environment and social

4. Medical products, vaccines, and technologies justice.

5. Financing
6. Leadership and governance or stewardship

Health Care Delivery System

● Refers to the network of health facilities and

personnel which carries out the task of rendering
health care to the people.

World Health Organization

● Specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) SDG Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote

● Provides global leadership on health matters well-being for all at all ages
● WHO Constitution: ● Aim: achieve universal health coverage, and provide
○ Its objective is the attainment by all people of access to safe and affordable medicines and vaccines
the highest possible level of health (WHO, 2006) for all. Supporting research and development for
● Core functions: vaccines is an essential part of this.

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
● prevention and treatment, education, immunization
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
campaigns, and sexual and reproductive healthcare.
● National Health Insurance Act of 1995
● commitment to end the epidemics of AIDS,
● RA 7875 - creation of PhilHealth
tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable
● Tax-exempt government corporation attached to the
diseases by 2030.
DOH for policy, coordination, and guidance
● Aims for universal health coverage for all Filipino
citizens
The Philippine Health Care Delivery System
Levels of Healthcare Delivery
Department of Health (DOH)
● DOH Administrative Order 2012-0012
● The main governing body of health services in the
○ Rules and Regulations Governing the New
country
Classification of Hospitals and Other Health
● Provides guidance and technical assistance to LGUs
Facilities in the Philippines
through the Center for Health Development in each of
the 17 regions Hospitals Other Health Facilities

● The Department of Health (DOH) holds the overall General A. Primary Care Facility
● Level 1
technical authority on health as it is a national health ● Level 2 B. Custodial Care Facility
policy-maker and regulatory institution. ● Level 3 (teaching/training)
C. Diagnostic/Therapeutic
● Basically, the DOH has three major roles in the Facility

health sector: Specialty D. Specialized Outpatient

Facility
1. leadership in health;
2. enabler and capacity builder; and
3. administrator of specific services. New Classification of Hospitals and Other Health
● Its mandate is to develop national plans, technical Facilities in the Philippines
standards, and guidelines on health.
● Aside from being the regulator of all health services
General and Specialty Hospitals
and products, the DOH is the provider of special
Hospitals Definition
tertiary health care services and technical assistance
to health providers and stakeholders. General Provides services for all kinds
● Level 1 of illnesses, injuries or
● Level 2 deformities
● Level 3 (teaching/training)
Private Sector
● Composed of for-profit and nonprofit agencies Specialty Offers services for a specific
disease or condition or type
● Provides all levels of services and accounts for a of patient (children, elderly or
women)
large segment of health service providers in the
country
Other Health Facilities

Other Health Facilities Definition

Financing of health services (3 major groups):
A. Primary Care Facility First- contact hea;th care
● Government (National and Local) facility that offers basic
services including
● Private Sources emergency services and
provision for normal
● Social Health Insurance
deliveries

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
B. Custodial Care Facility Provides long-term care to
○ Specialist doctors for OB-Gyne, pediatric
patients with chronic services, medicine, surgery, their subspecialty
conditions requiring ongoing
health and nursing care due and ancillary services
to impairment and a reduced
○ Clinical laboratory
degree of independence in
ADLs, and patients in need of ○ Level 2 imaging facility (mobile X-ray and
rehabilitation
contrast examinations)
C. Diagnostic/therapeutic For the examination of the
facility human body, specimens
from the human body for the
diagnosis, sometimes Level 3 Hospital
treatment of disease, or
water for drinking water ● Teaching and/or training hospital
analysis
● Contains all the facilities of Level 2
D. Specialized Outpatient Performs highly specialized ● Specialized Facilities:
Facility procedures on an outpatient
basis ● Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit
● Ambulatory Surgical Clinic
● Dialysis facility
● Respiratory therapy services
Level 1 Hospital
● Blood bank
● Most basic
● Clinical laboratory
● Cater to patients who need minor care and
● Level 3 Imaging Facility (interventional
supervision.
radiology)
● Must include the ff:
○ Operating room
○ Post-operative Recovery Room
Level of Hospital

○ Maternity facilities ● Defined as the service capabilities of hospitals

○ Isolation facilities reflected in the 2020 license to operate. These service
○ Blood station capabilities can be classified into the following
○ Dental clinic categories
○ Clinical laboratory
Hospital Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
○ Level 1 Imaging Facility Services

○ X-ray Clinical Consulting All of Level 1 All of Level 1 and

Services specialists, in, plus, the Level 2 plus, the
○ Pharmacy
for but not be following: following:
Inpatients limited to
Medicine, Departmentali Teaching/trainin
Level 2 Hospital Pediatrics, zed Clinical g with at least
Ob-Gyne, Services any two (2)
Surgery accredited
● Need for a referral (from Level 1) Respiratory residency
● Contains all the facilities of Level 1 Emergency Unit program for
and Outpatient physical
● Additional Facilities: Services General ICU physicians in
any
○ ICU for critically ill patients
Isolation High Risk medical/surgica
○ NICU Facilities Pregnancy l specialty
Unit and/or
○ HRPU (high risk pregnancy unit) Surgical/Mater subspecialty
nity Facilities NICU
○ Respiratory therapy services
Physical
Dental Clinic Medicine and
Rehabilitation

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
Unit
● CT Scan
● Diagnostic Radiology
Ambulatory
Surgical Clinic ● Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
● Nuclear Medicine
Dialysis Clinic
● Ultrasound
Ancillary Secondary Tertiary Tertiary Clinical
Services Clinical Clinical Lab with
The Manila Health Department
Laboratory Laboratory Histopathology
Blood Station Blood Station Blood Bank
● The Department is concerned mainly on promotion of
1st Level X-ray 2nd Level X-ray 3rd Level X-ray health and prevention of diseases to the Manila
Pharmacy constituents with special focus on poor families.

Specialty Hospitals
Health Centers THRUST PROGRAM
● Treatments of a Particular Type of Illness
A. Maternal and Child Health
1. Philippine Orthopedic Center
1. Maternal care
2. National Center for Mental Health
2. Safe Motherhood and Women's Health
3. San Lazaro Hospital
3. Expanded Program on Immunization
4. Benavides Cancer Institute
4. Control of Acute respiratory Infections
5. Control of Diarrheal Diseases
B. Treatment of Patients Suffering from Diseases of a
6. Under Five Clinic/Growth Monitoring
Particular Organ or Group of Organs
7. Breastfeeding Promotion
1. Lung Center of the Philippines
8. Nutrition
2. Philippine Heart Center
3. National Kidney & Transplant Institute
B. Communicable Disease Control
1. Tuberculosis
C. Treatment of Patients Belonging to a Particular
2. Leprosy
Group
3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
1. Philippine Children’s Medical center
4. Dengue Prevention and Control Program
2. National Children’s Hospital
3. National Center for Geriatric Health
C. Non Communicable Disease Control
4. Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Center
1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Cancer Control Program
Hospital General Services 3. Primary Eye Care

● Clinical Pathology 4. National Voluntary Blood Donation

● Rehabilitation 5. Diabetes Mellitus Control

● Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory

● Outpatient Department Rural Health Unit
● Pharmacy
● Commonly known as a health center
● Treatment Room
● Primary level health care facility in the municipality
● Radiological Sciences

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 WORK IMMERSION
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● Focus: preventive and promotive health services and
The Health Referral System
the supervision of Barangay Health Stations (BHSs)
Referral
under its jurisdiction
● Set of activities undertaken by a healthcare provider
● 1 RHU: 20,000 population
or facility in response to its inability to provide the
necessary health intervention to satisfy a patient's
Local Health Board
need
● RA 7160 (Local Government Code)
● Genuine and meaningful local autonomy Functional Referral System
● This will enable local governments to attain their ● Ensures the continuity and complementation of
fullest development as self-reliant communities and health and medical services
make them more effective partners in the attainment ● Comprehensive, encompassing, promotive,
of national goals preventive, curative and rehabilitative care
● Creation of the: ● Engages all health facilities from the lowest to
○ Provincial Health Board highest level
○ City/Municipal Health Boards
Two-way Referral System
● Provincial Governments ● Movement of a patient from the health center of first
○ Responsible for administration of provincial and contact and the hospital at first referral level.
district hospitals ● When hospital intervention has been completed, the
patient is referred back to the health center
● Municipal and City Governments
○ In charge of the Primary Care Internal Referral
■ Rural Health Centers (RHU)/ Health ● Occur within the health facility, from one health
Center personnel to another
■ Satellite Outposts - Barangay Health
Stations (BHS) External Referral
● Devolution ● Movement of a patient from one health facility to
○ Act by which the national government confers another
power and authority upon the various LGUs ○ Vertical - patient referral may be from a lower
to perform specific functions and to a higher level of facility or other way round
responsibilities. ○ Horizontal - patient is referred between similar
○ Decision making and accountability on basic facilities in different catchment areas
government services closer to the people
○ Advantage: allowed local leaders to have a
Mental Health in the Philippines
greater hand in the future of communities
Republic Act 11036
○ Disadvantage: fragmentation of the health
Mental Health Act
care delivery system in the Philippines
● An Act Establishing a National Mental Health Policy
for the Purpose of Enhancing the Delivery of
Integrated Mental Health Services, Promoting and
Protecting the Rights of Persons Utilizing Psychosocial

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
Health Services, Appropriating Funds Therefore and f. Except in emergency situations, manage and
Other Purposes control all aspects of his or her practice,
● July 24, 2017, Metro Manila including whether or not to accept or decline a
service user for treatment; and
Objectives: g. Advocate for the rights of a service user, in
a. Strengthen effective leadership and cases where the service user's wishes are at
governance for mental health by, among odds with those of his or her family or legal
others, formulating, developing, and representatives.
implementing national policies, strategies,
programs, and regulations relating to mental
Republic Act 11036 Mental Health Act Section 14
health;
Quality of Mental Health Services
b. Develop and establish a comprehensive,
integrated effective and efficient national Mental health services provided pursuant to this Act

mental health care system responsive to the shall be:

psychiatric, neurologic, and psychosocial needs a. Based on medical and scientific research

of the Filipino people; findings;

c. Protect the rights and freedoms of persons with b. Responsive to the clinical, gender, cultural and

psychiatric, neurologic, and psychosocial needs; ethnic and other special needs of the

Filipino people; individuals being served;

d. Strengthen information systems, evidence and c. Most appropriate and least restrictive setting:

research for mental health; d. Age appropriate; and

e. Integrated mental health care in the basic e. Provided by mental health professionals and

health services; and workers in a manner that ensures

f. Integrate strategies promoting mental health in accountability.

educational institutions, the workplace, and in

communities. Republic Act 11036 Mental Health Act Section 15
Mental Health Services at the Community Level
Republic Act 11036 Mental Health Act Section 7 ● Responsive primary mental health services shall be
Rights of Mental Health Professionals developed and integrated as part of the basic health

Mental health professional shall have the right to: services at the appropriate level of care, particularly at

a. A safe and supportive work environment; the city, municipal, and barangay level. The standards

b. Participate in a continuous professional of mental health services shall be determined by the

development program; DOH in consultation with stakeholders based on

c. Participate in the planning, development, and current evidence.

management of mental health services;

d. Contribute to the development and regular Republic Act 11036 Mental Health Act Section 16
review of standards for evaluating mental Community-based Mental Health Care Facilities
health services provided to service users;
● The national government through the DOH shall fund
e. Participate in the development of mental and
the establishment and assist in the operation of
health policy and service delivery guidelines;
community-based mental health care facilities in the

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
provinces, cities and cluster of municipalities in the e. Coordination with drug rehabilitation center
entire country based on the needs of the population, vis-a-vis the care, treatment, and rehabilitation
to provide appropriate mental health care services, of persons suffering from addiction and other
and enhance the rights-based approach to mental substance-induced mental health conditions;
health care. and
● Each community-based mental health care facility f. A referral system involving other public and
shall in addition to adequate room, office or clinic, private health and social welfare service
have a complement of mental health professionals, providers, for the purpose of expanding access
allied professionals, support staff, trained barangay to programs aimed at preventing mental illness
health workers (BHWs) volunteer, family members of and managing the condition of persons at risk
patients or service users, basic equipment and of developing mental, neurologic, and
supplies and adequate stock of medicines appropriate psychosocial problems.
at that level.

Other Health Care Settings

Community
Republic Act 11036 Mental Health Act Section 18
● A collection of people who interact with one
Psychiatric, Psychosocial, and Neurologic Services another and whose common interests or
in Regional, Provincial, and Tertiary Hospitals characteristics form the basis for a sense of

All regional provincial, and tertiary hospitals, including unity or belonging (Allender et al,2009, p.6)

private hospitals rendering service to paying patients ● A group of people who share something in

shall provide the following psychiatric, psychosocial, and common and interact with one another , who

neurologic services; may exhibit a commitment with one another

a. Short-term in-patient, hospital care. in a small and may share a geographic boundary(Lundy

psychiatric or neurologic ward for service users and Janes 2009,16)

exhibiting acute psychiatric or neurologic

symptoms; Community Immersion

b. Partial hospital care for those exhibiting ● Implementation of intervention program to the

psychiatric symptoms or experiencing identified problems in the community setting

difficulties vis-à-vis their personal and family

circumstances; Rehabilitation Setting

c. Out-patient in close collaboration with existing ● UST-CRS Speech-Language Pathology

mental health programs at primary health care Laboratory

centers in the same area; ○ The world class and state of the art

d. Home care services for services users with laboratory and classroom designed for

special needs as a result of, among others, Speech-Language Pathology Education

long-term hospitalization, noncompliances and Research

with or inadequacy of treatment, and absence ○ Located inside the UST Central

of immediate family; Laboratory Building

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
2. Right to informed consent

● The right to a clear, truthful, and substantial

Patient’s Bill of Rights
explanation, in a manner and language
understandable to the patient the ff:
a. Proposed procedures, whether diagnostic,
Rights
preventive, curative, rehabilitative or
● What is just, reasonable, what is due, what ought to
therapeutic.
be, or what is justifiable.
b. The person who will perform the said
● A moral power or claim to do, to possess or receive
procedure shall provide his name and
from others as belonging due to a moral agent.
credentials to the patient.
● A moral claim over something that has basis in the
c. Possibilities of any risk or mortality or serious
nature of a man, that is, his being rational being called
side effects
to pursue a higher vocation.
d. Problems related to recuperation, and
probability of success and reasonable risks
Patient’s Rights involved.
➢ Key aspects of Informed Consent
● Rights of health seekers to fundamental goods or
1. Nature of treatment
needs that contribute to their health or well-being.
2. Alternatives
● Claims that patients may demand in order to promote
3. Risks
their natural striving or advancement to health for as
4. Benefits
long as they are essentially life-saving.
5. Opportunity for questions
● An entitlement for one’s humanity rather than it being
a privilege.
That the patient will not be subjected to any
● Borne out one ‘s natural striving to enjoy health.
procedure without his written informed consent,
● These rights can be exercised on the patient’s behalf
excepted in the following cases:
by a designated surrogate or proxy decision-maker if
1. In emergency cases, when the patient is at
the patient lacks decision-making capacity, is legally
imminent risk of physical injury, decline of
incompetent, or is a minor.
death if treatment is withheld or postponed.
1. Right to appropriate medical care and 2. When the health of the population is
humane treatment dependent on the adoption of a mass health

● Without any discrimination and within the limits of program to control epidemic;

the resources, manpower and competence available 3. When the law makes it compulsory for

for health and medical care at the relevant time everyone to submit a procedure;

● Appropriate health and medical care of good quality. 4. When the patient is either a minor, or legally

● If immediate treatment cannot be given, patient incompetent, in which case a third party

needs to be referred or sent for treatment elsewhere, consent is required;

where the appropriate care can be provided. 5. When disclosure of material information to

● No deposit, pledge, mortgage or any form of advance patient will jeopardize the success of treatment,

payment for treatment during an emergency in which case, third party disclosure and

situation. consent shall be in order;

6. When the patient waives his right in writing.

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
● Including any other additional medicines to be
● Informed consent shall be obtained from a patient administered and their generic counterpart including
concerned if he is of legal age and of sound mind. In the possible complications and other pertinent facts;
case the patient is incapable of giving consent and a ● Statistics or studies regarding his/her illness;
third party consent is required, the following persons, ● Any change in the plan of care before the change is
in the order of priority stated hereunder, may give made
consent: ● The person’s participation in the plan of care and
1. Spouse; necessary changes before its implementation;
2. Son or daughter of legal age; ● The extent to which payment may be expected from
3. Either parent; Philhealth or any payor and any charges for which
4. Brother or sister of legal age, or the patient may be liable;
5. Guardian ● The disciplines of health care practitioners who will
furnish the care and the frequency of services that are
3. Right to privacy and confidentiality
proposed to be furnished;
● Freedom from unwarranted public exposure, except in
● The patient or his legal guardian has the right to
the following cases:
examine and be given an itemized bill of the hospital
a) When his mental or physical condition is in
and medical services;
controversy and the appropriate court, in its
● Continuing health care requirements following
discretion, order him to submit to a physical or
discharge; and
mental examination by a physician;
● The patient is entitled to a brief, written summary of
b) When the public health and safety so demand;
the course of his/her illness.
and
5. Right to choose health care provider and
c) When the patient waives this right in writing.
facility

When to disclose information? ● Freedom to choose the health care provider to serve
a) When such disclosure will benefit public health him as well as the facility, except when he is under the
and safety; care of a service facility or when public health and
b) When it is in the interest of justice and upon safety so demands or when the patient expressly
the order of a competent court; and waives this right in writing.
c) When the patients waives in writing the ● The right to discuss his condition with a consultant
confidential nature of such information specialist, at the patient’s request and expense
d) When it is needed for continued medical ● The right to seek a second opinion and subsequent
treatment or advancement of medical science opinions, if appropriate, from another healthcare
subject to de-identification of patient and provider/practitioner
shared medical confidentiality for those who
6. Right to self-determination
have access to the information
● The right to avail of any recommended diagnostic
4. Right to information
and treatment procedures
● Result of the evaluation of the nature and extent of ● Any person of legal age and of sound mind may make
his/her disease, an advance written directive for physicians to
● Any other additional or further contemplated medical administer terminal care when he/she suffers from the
treatment on surgical procedure/s; terminal phase of a terminal illness.

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
7. Right to Religious Belief 11. Right to Correspondence and Receive

● Right to refuse medical treatment or procedures Visitors

which may be contrary to his religious beliefs, subject ● The right to communicate with relatives and other
to the limitations such as: persons and to perceive visitors subject to reasonable
Provided, that such a right shall not be imposed by limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the
parents upon their children who have not reached the health care institution.
legal age in a life threatening situation as determined
12. Right to Express Grievances
by the attending physician or the medical director of
the facility ● The right to express complaints and grievances
about the care and services received without fear of
8. Right to Medical Records
discrimination or reprisal and to know about the
● Entitled to a summary of his medical history and disposition of such complaints.
condition. ● Such system shall afford all parties concerned with the
● The right to view the contents of his medical records, opportunity to settle amicably all grievances.
except psychiatric notes and other incriminatory
information obtained about third parties, with the
Rights of the Health Care Professionals
attending physician explaining contents.
● The institution shall issue a medical certificate to the 1. To practice the medical profession, referrals and

patient upon request. anything attendant to his medical skill and

● Any other document that the patient may require for knowledge

insurance claims shall also be made available to him 2. To accept or refuse patients (except in

within forty-five (45) days from request. emergency cases). He has rights over patients
as an attending physician.
9. Right to Leave
3. To therapeutic privileges according to his
● Right to leave the hospital or any other health care acquired training and accredited by his
institution regardless of his physical condition workplace.
provided that: 4. To do clinical and scientific research, with prior
a) He is informed of the medical consequences of informed consent of subjects.
his/her decision; 5. To practice his profession according to his
b) He releases those involved in his/her care from religious and moral beliefs.
any obligation relative to the consequences of 6. To professional fees (except those which are
his decision; prohibited by virtue of outstanding policies, like
c) His decision will not prejudice public health those of colleagues in the profession or of his
and safety. children and spouses)

10. Right to Refuse Participation in Medical 7. To legal representations in the courts of law
when his expert opinion is sought in order to
Research
serve the demands of justice.
● Right to be advised if the health care provider plans
to involve him in medical research, including but not
limited to human experimentation which may be
performed only with the written informed consent of
the patient.

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
● Either way, feed-back allows the sender to
Therapeutic Communication
correct or record a message.

Communication
Modes of Communication
● To some, communication is the inter- change of
● Verbal communication uses the spoken or written
information between two or more people; in other
word; Nonverbal communication uses other forms,
words, the exchange of ideas or thoughts
such as gestures, or facial expressions, and touch.
● Thoughts are expressed to others not only by spoken
or written words but also by gestures or body actions.
Non-verbal Communication
● It can be a transmission of feelings or a more personal
and social interaction between people. ● Sometimes called body language, includes gestures,
● Any means of exchanging information or feelings body movements, use of touch, and physical
between two or more people. It is a basic component appearance, including adornment.
of human relationships, including health professions ● To observe nonverbal behavior efficiently requires a
and other disciplines. systematic assessment of the person’s overall physical
appearance, posture, gait, facial expressions, and
gestures.
The Communication Process
Personal Appearance
● Face-to-face communication involves a sender, a
● Clothing and adornments can be sources of
message, a receiver, and a response, or a feedback
information about a person. Although choice of
apparel is highly personal, it may convey social
and financial status, culture, religion, group
association, and self-concept.
Posture and Gait
● The ways people walk and carry themselves are
often reliable indicators of self-concept, current
mood, and health.

Sender Facial Expression

● The sender, a person or group who wishes to ● No part of the body is as expressive as the face.

communicate a message to another, can be Feelings of surprise, fear, anger, disgust,

considered the source-encoder. happiness, and sadness can be conveyed by

Message facial expressions.

● What is actually said or written, the body ● Although the face may express the person’s

language that accompanies the words, and genuine emotions, it is also possible to control

how the message is transmitted. these muscles so the emotion expressed does

● The method used to convey the message can not reflect what the person is feeling.

target any of the receiver’s senses. Gestures

Feedback ● Hand and body gestures may emphasize and

● Feedback can be either verbal, non-verbal, or clarify the spoken word, or they may occur

both. Non-verbal examples are a nod of the without words to indicate a particular feeling or

head or a yawn. to give a sign.

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 WORK IMMERSION
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● Ex: A father awaiting information about his
daughter in surgery may wring his hands, tap
his foot, pick at his nails, or pace back and forth.

Therapeutic Communication

● It requires the use of verbal and non-verbal

techniques that are focused on client needs.
● It requires the avoidance of unhelpful or non
therapeutic technique
● Therapeutic communication can promote
understanding and can help establish a constructive
relationship between the HCP and the client.
● Unlike a social relationship, where there may not be a
specific purpose or direction, the therapeutic helping
relationship is client and goal directed.

Therapeutic Communication Techniques

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WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
Barriers to Communication

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
has information about the client before the first
face-to-face meeting. Such information may include
the client’s name, address, age, medical history,
and/or social history.

Introductory Phase

● The introductory phase, also referred to as the

orientation phase or the pre helping phase, is
important because it sets the tone for the rest of the
relationship.
○ During this initial encounter, the client and the
HCP closely observe each other and form
judgements about the other’s behavior.

Working Phase

● During the working phase of a helping relationship,

the HCP and the client begin to view each other as
unique individuals.
● They begin to appreciate this uniqueness and care
about each other. Caring is sharing deep and genuine
concern about the welfare of another person.
● Oce caring develops, the potential for empathy
increases.
● The working phase has two major stages: exploring
and understanding thoughts and feelings, and
facilitating and taking action.
● The HCP helps the client to explore thoughts, feelings,
and action and helps the client plan a program of
action to meet pre-established goals.
● FACILITATING AND TAKING ACTION Ultimately the
client must make decisions and take action to
become more effective. The responsibility for action
belongs to the client. The HCP, however, collaborates
Phases of the Helping Relationship
in these decisions, provides support, and may offer
● HCP can identify the progress of a relationship by
options or information.
understanding these phases: pre-interaction phase,
introductory phase, working (maintaining) phase,
Termination Phase
and termination phase.
● The pre-interaction phase is similar to the planning ● The termination phase of the relationship is often
stage before an interview. In most situations, the HCP expected to be difficult and filled with ambivalence.

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 WORK IMMERSION
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However, if the previous phases have evolved ● Trustworthiness
effectively, the client generally has a positive outlook ● Dependability
and feels able to handle problems independently. ● Reliability
● Initiative
● Self-discipline
Work Ethics
● Self-responsibility
3. Teamwork
Professionalism ● Respecting the rights of others
● Being a team worker
● Professionalism is defined by who you are (inner
● Being cooperative
character) what you do (behavior exhibited)
● Being assertive
●
● Displaying a customer service attitude
Work Ethics ● Seeking opportunities for continuous
● Are a set of standards and rules that are required by learning
an individual for satisfactory work performance. ● Demonstrating mannerly behavior
● This involves attitude, behavior, respect, ● Respecting confidentiality
communication, and interaction; how one gets along 4. Appearance
with others. ● Dress appropriately
● Personal hygiene
Two Types of Work Ethics ● Good manners
1. Professional 5. Attitude
2. Specific to a Work Situation ● Demonstrating a positive attitude
● Appearing self confident
● Having realistic expectations for self

Characteristics of Work Ethics 6. Productivity

1. Attendance ● Following safety procedures
● Often have a large impact on individual ● Conserving materials
and team success. ● Keeping the work area neat and clean
● Absenteeism can also profoundly impact ● Following directions properly
job performance and retention. 7. Organizational Skills
How to maintain good attendance: ● Preparing for assignments at home
● Make work a high priority ● Prioritize–what’s important
● Know your schedule ● Set timetables–list what you have
● Make use of an alarm achieved and what is still pending
● Get enough sleep ● Spend time wisely
● Arrange your transportation 8. Communication Skills
● Inform your supervisor of an absence ● Verbal or nonverbal must be clear
2. Character ● Be emphatic
● Loyalty ● We must always treat others as we would
● Honesty like others to treat us

Transcribed by: Vince Leony Reyes - 12HA13

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 WORK IMMERSION
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
9. Cooperation ● Immediate help provided to a sick or injured person
● Developing good working relationships until professional medical help arrives or becomes
● Following the chain of command available
● Good at conflict management ● Way of preparing an individual to respond emergency
● Being a good problem solver situations quickly
10. Respect ● Initial assistance or treatment given to a person who is
● Work to the best of your ability injured or suddenly ill.
● Do what’s asked the first time ● Objectives of First Aid:
● Accept and acknowledge an individual’s ○ Preserve life
talents and knowledge ○ Prevent further harm and complications
○ Seek immediate medical help
Good work ethics will accomplish the following ○ Provide reassurance
goals:
Managing an Incident
1. Positive work ethics skill make for more
● In any emergency it is important that you follow a
employable and valuable employees
clear plan of action.
2. Employers will have workers with desirable
● This will enable you to prioritize the demands that
work habits
may be made upon you, and help you decide on your
3. More motivated and attentive workers.
best response.

Values to be Adopted by Public Health Workers

Values to be Adopted by Public Health Workers
● The public health worker shall be humane.
● The public health worker shall be humane.
● The public health worker shall uphold his/her personal
integrity and that of his/her profession.
● The public health worker shall be just.
● The public health worker shall be generous in spirit
and deed.
● The public health worker shall exercise to protect the
interest of public health.

Values to be Adopted by Public Health Workers

● The public health worker shall attend to his/her client

faithfully and conscientiously. He/she shall strive go
provide

Basic First Aid

First Aid

Transcribed by: Vince Leony Reyes - 12HA13

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