Pagel1 EXPERIMENT NO: 01 AIM: Graphics User interface (GUI) of AutoCAD Software. Introduction: Auto CAD (a product and registered trade mark of Autodesk Inc., USA) is a low cost yet very effective computer aided design and drafting software, AutoCAD is accepted as the industry standard and it is preferred by a large community of CAD users in the world. Although AutoCAD is available for a variety of computer systems, majority of AutoCAD implementations are available on IBM or compatible personal computers with various operating systems. AutoCAD comes with a very large number of user-selectable options to support a great variety of commercially available display devices, digitizers, mouse, printers and plotters. AutoCAD supports 2D drafting and 3D modeling. cirel The basic drawing entities are lines, polylin are, ellipses and solids. There are many ways of defining a drawing entity, and the software always prompts the user for all options. Each drawing entity has an associated line-type, colour, layer and thickness. The thickness is a property associated with 3D entities. In AutoCAD the drawings are always prepared at full scale, and the drawing size can be changed at any instant of time by using LIMITS command Pee eno > Pond Cet a eee a Pence Deere) Ce od Figl. Graphics User interface (GUI) of AutoCAD DEMONSTRATING KNOWLEDGE OF THE THEORY OF AUTOCAD SOFTWARE SUCH AS: THE MENU SYSTEM: The classic menu bar can be displayed at the top of the drawing area.Page|2 Fig 2. The Menu System TOOLBARS (OBJECT PROPERTIES, DRAW, MODIFY AND DIMENSION): Part of the interface containing icons that represent commands. OBJECT/QUICK PROPERTIES: Select a sketched entity when this button is chosen in the status boar, the properties of the selected entity will be displayed in a panel. DRAW: Draw commands are used for drawing of objects such as lines, constructed lines, poly line, polygon, rectangle, arc, circle, ellipse and ellipse arcs. This toolbar is used for creating 2 Dimensional drawings as shown in the figure. 72087 OHN00Ma BEORAY Fig 3. Draw tool Bar MODIFY: The Modify toolbar is usually displayed by default but if it is not already displayed, you can display it using the TOOLBAR command, View PToolbars.... from the pull-down menu.Pagel3 ‘When the Toolbar dialogue box (shown above) appears, simply check the box next to "Modify" in the toolbars list. a ei ee nc ee ye Raa ee eee Do ea Fig 4. Modify DIMENSION: The object that can be dimensioned in AutoCAD range from straight lines to arcs. ‘The dimensioning commands provided by AutoCAD can be classified into four categories; 1, Dimension Drawing Commands 2, Dimension style Commands 3. Dimension Editing Commands 4, Dimension Utility Commands While dimensioning an object, AutoCAD automatically calculates the length of the object or the distance between two specified points. The dimensioning functions offered by AutoCAD provide you with extreme flexibility in dimensioning by letting you dimension various objects in a variety of ways. Zz imi ee ten \— 6 5 A re a Saree Sen j ore a sor mn Ee) wero Timerson Fig 5. Various Dimensioning Parameters DRAWING AREA (BACKGROUND, CROSSHAIRS AND COORDINATE SYSTEM) ‘The area in which your drawings are displayed and modified. The size of the drawing area varies, depending on the size of the AutoCAD window and on how many toolbars and other elements are displayed. See also AutoCAD window.Pagel4 BACKGROUND: © Command ent ackground: Defines the type, color, effects, and position of the background for a named view. Fig 6, Background ‘Type : Lists background overrides (None, Solid, Gradient, Image, or Sun & Sky) that you can apply toa named view. Solid: Selects a single-color, solid background. Gradient: Specifies a two- or three-color gradient background. (Select the Three Color check box to define a three-color gradient.) Click the color tiles to choose a color. Displays the Select Color dialog box. Image: Uses an image file for the background, Sun & Sky: isplays the Adjust Sun & Sky Background dialog box to specify the position, color and properties of the sun and sky for the background, CROSSHAIRS: A type of cursor consisting of two lines that intersects + COORDINATES SYSTEM: There are three type coordinates system used in AutoCAD. 1. Absolute coordinates Relative coordinates and Polar coordinates. ren Absolute coordinates: All input points specify in your drawing using standard Cartesian coordinates x and y. Using absolute coordinate, points entered by typing x,y [Enter] 2 Relative Coordinates: fier first points entered, your next points can be entered by specifying the next coordinate compare/relative from the first points. The relative coordinatePage|S started with symbol “@” tell AutoCAD it was a relative coordinates. Using relative coordinate, points entered by typing @x,y [Enter] 2 Polar Coordinates: Polar coordinates used when you need to draw the next points at specify angle, Polar coordinates system in AutoCAD specifies distance length at which angle. Using polar coordinate, points entered by typing @distance Inquiry > Status Command entry: status (or ‘status for transparent use) All coordinates and distances are displayed by STATUS in the format specified by UNITS. STATUS reports the number of objects in the current drawing. This includes graphical objects such as ares and polylines, and nongraphical objects such as layers and line types, and block definitions. In addition to overall drawing statistics and settings, the amount of installed memory free on your system, the amount of disk space available, and the amount of free space in the swap file ate also listed. ‘When used at the DIM prompt, STATUS reports the values and descriptions of all dimensioning system variables,Page|9 ZOOM: To reduce or increase the apparent magnification of the drawing area. Q Button 3 Ribbon: View tab)Navigate panel Realtime § Menu: ViewZoom Realtime % Toolbar: Standard Q Shortcut menu: With no objects selected, right-click in the drawing area and choose Zoom to zoom in real time, Command entry: zoom (or 'zoom for transparent use) You can change the magnification of a view by zooming in and out, which is similar to zooming in and out with a camera. Using ZOOM does not change the absolute size of objects in the drawing, It changes only the magnification of the view. SELECT AND ERASE OBJECTS: Removes objects from a drawing. Z Button %& Ribbon: Home tab¥Modify panel Brase % Menu: Modify:Erase Toolbar: Modify @d Shortcut menu: Select the objects to erase, right-click in the drawing area, and click Command entry: erase Enter when you finish selecting objects ——— object erased Select objects: Use an object selection method and press The objects are removed from the drawing.EXPERIMENT NO: 02 Page|10 AIM: Construct the following Drawings by Using Line Command in AutoCAD Software. 10.0 Fig. (i) T-Shape ——, | 20 3.0 tao Fig. E-ShapePage|M EXPERIMENT NO: 03 AIM: Isometric Views of Line & Planes Command in AutoCAD Software. Introduction about Isometric Drawings: Isometric drawings are generally used to help visualize the shape of an object. For example, if you are given the orthographic views of an object, as shown in the figure 1, it takes time to put information together to visualize the shape. However, if an isometric drawing is given, as shown in figure 2, it is much easier to conceive the shape of the object. Thus, isometric drawings are widely used in industry to help in understanding products and their features. An isometric drawing should not be confused with a three-dimensional (3D) drawing. An isometric drawing is just a two-dimensional (2D) representation of a 3D drawing on a 2D plane. A 3D drawing is the 3D model of an object on the X, Y and Z axes. In other words, an isometric drawing is a 3D drawing on a 2D plane, wher sa 3D drawing is a true 3D model of the object. The model can be rotated and viewed from any direction. A 3D model can be a wireframe model, surface model, or solid model, Fig. 1 Orthographic views of an object Fig. 2 Orthographic views with an isometric drawing Isometric Axes, Isometric lines and Isometric Planes: Isometric drawings have three axes: right horizontal axis (PO, P1), vertical axes (PO, P2), and left horizontal axis (PO, P3). The two horizontal axes are inclined at 30-degree to the horizontal, or X axis (X1, X2). The vertical axis is at 90-degree, as shown in figure 3. Fig3 Isometric axesPage|12 When you draw an isometric drawing, the horizontal object lines are drawn along or parallel to the horizontal axis. Similarly, the vertical lines are drawn along or parallel to the vertical axis. For example, to make an isometric drawing of a rectangular block, the vertical edges of the block are drawn parallel to the vertical axes. The horizontal edges on the right side of the block are drawn parallel to the right horizontal axis (P0, P1), and the horizontal edges on the left side of the block are drawn parallel to the left horizontal axis (P0, P3). It is important to remember that the angles do not appear true in isometr drawings. Therefore, the edges or surfaces that are at an angle are drawn by locating their endpoints. The lines that are parallel to the isometric axes are called isometric lines. The lines that are not parallel to the isometric axes are called non- isometric lines. Similarly, the planes can be isometric planes or non-isometric planes. Isometric drawing have three principal planes, isoplane right, isoplane top, isoplane left, ‘as shown in figure 4. The isoplane right (PO, P4, P10, P6) is defined by the vertical axis and the right horizontal axis. The isoplane top (P6, P10, P9, P7) is defined by the right and left horizontal axes. Similarly, the isoplane left (PO, P6, P7, P8) is defined by the vertical axis and the left horizontal axis. __!Sopiane Isopione Pa [top left Isoplone right Fig4 Isometric planesEXPERIMENT NO: 04 Page|13 AIM: Construct the “T Joint” by using various coordinate input entry methods in Auto CAD Software. Absolute co-ordinate system Relative Rectangular co-ordinate system IstP= 4,0 2nd P = @2,0 3rd P = @0,8 4th P= @4,0 sth P= @0,.2 6th P= @-10,0 7th P= @0,-2 8th P= @4,0 Close or @0,-8 Relative Polar co-ordinate system IstP= 4<0 2nd P = @2<0 3rd P= @8<90 4th P= @4<0 Sth P= @2<90 6th P= @10<180 2270 @2<-90 Close or @8<270Page|14 EXPERIMENT NO: 05 AIM: To Construct the “Circular Dise” by using Circle Command in Auto CAD Software. R10.0 T —R5.0 R1.0 75 ! —— 7.5 Fig 1. Circular DisePage|15 EXPERIMENT NO: 6 AIM: Add object in drawing from tool palettes such as window, door, tree, vehicle ete. using Auto CAD Software. First Go in Tools” Then Select Palettes Select Tool Palettes (Ctrl+3) "Select Architectural. The figure 1 shows the tool palettes and figure 2 shows the Add object in drawing from tool palettes. ral a @ saat » Seaview sere en i Feces Fig. 1 Tool Palettes=a ) Cece Wren ey Fig. 2 Add object in drawing from tool palettesPagelI7 EXPERIMENT NO: 7 AIM: To Create 3D Model / Drawing using AutoCAD Software. Starting Three Dimensional (3D) Modeling in AutoCAD: In AutoCAD, you can start the 3D modeling in a separate workspace. All commands and options required to create the 3D design are displayed in the workspace, by default. The 3D modeling workspace using the workspace switching button available at the bottom right comer of the status bar. Figure 1 shows the 3D modeling workspace of AutoCAD. he ek eee F ie ie) Cee Fig. 1 3D Modeling Workspace of Auto ‘AD First Go in Drafting settings. —» Then Select 3D Mod: ing —> Go in Ribbon Select Modeling — Then select and create the Box, Cylinder, Cone, sphere, Pyramid, wedge, Torus,Figure 2 shows different 3D Model / Drawing using AutoCAD Software. Fig. 2 Create different 3D Model / Drawing Figure 3 shows the 2D wireframe, conceptual, Hidden, Shaded, Wire frame etc. of different 3D Model / Drawing. os a eC} a cua ie aac a Fig. 3 Create different Modeling of Three Dimension Objects / DrawingPage|19 EXPERIMENT NO: 8 AIM: To Create the Orthographic Views from 3 Dimensional Modeling Drawing using AutoCAD Software. Firstly Activate the Layout (Click on Layout-1) —> Then Go in Ribbon and select the Layout Tab —> Select Named — Select New View Ports —® In standard Viewports (Select any one from standard view port) —> select FOUR: EQUAL, say —® Then Go to Setup —> Select 3D —> in preview we can change the view ——> Then Go Visual Style — Select conceptual, say —» Press OK. Figure 1 shows the layout view ports. Fig. 1 Layout View Ports Figure 2 show the Orthographic Views (front view, top view, left side view, isometric view) from 3 Dimensional Modeling Drawing,Page|20 Fig. 2 Create the Orthographic Views from 3 Dimensional Modeling Drawing