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Relational Database VS Object-Oriented Database (Key Differences)
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Inthe world of database management, it seems lke relational and object-oriented databases are constantly squaring afin an epic battle of
superior storage Let's delve into the word of relational and object-oriented databases to see who has the mest potential fer your data
managements needs,
Databases are used to store and manipulate data in an ecient and organized manner. There ate several difeent types of databases, including
the relational and object-oriented varieties. Both, relational database and object-oriented database can be incredibly powerful toals for
managing data however, they use ffeent approaches when working with infrmation
Relational Database VS Object-Oriented Database
In this post we'll make a comparison ofboth the databases and wil se which database suits your needs,
when making a decision between relational versus object-oriented databases, i's important to know your project requirements as well as your
budgeting constraints,
Different tasks require ciferent types of systems inorder to efficiently process results; understanding these factors can help you make an
informed decision about which type is best for your project needs.
What is Relational Database?
[A elational database isa type of database thot organizes data into tables and uses structured query language (SQL) to acces information,
Ina relational database, there are various tables containing fields with specif data. Each one of these felds or columns is elated to the other
columns in some way and comprise a single table, This allows fo easy retieval of information from multiple sources within a single query.
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‘efficient, enabling relationships between elements within the table to be established
Relational databases are highly scalable which ensures improved performance as opposed to older methods le file-based 5
become inefficient when the numberof record increases significantly.What is Object Oriented Database?
(Object-oriented databases also called object databases) area type of database management system (DBMS} that stare data inthe form of
‘objects using object-oriented programming concepts
[An objet in an object or entity oriented database ia collection af atibutes and methods that provide a description af the objec. The
attributes define states or properties, while the methods define behaviors or actions
‘This type of database allows for greater flexibility when writing and executing queries, s a query does not nee to directly address the data
values, but can also address other aspects like States and Actions associated with the objects in the database,
In comparison to relational databases an object-oriented database unifis the concepts of both data structure and behavior within individual
‘objects and allows users more direct acess to their data since they only need to interact with objects instead of tables and columns. They also
allow applications to integrate data quicly ag objects contain relevant methods with which ta intact on each platform, Object oriented
databases ate sed in private clouds 98 wel a large organizations, mainly because thee abilty makes them wel suited for managing large
amounts of stuctured and unstructured data
Advantages of Relational Database
Relational databases are the most common typeof databace an are the tape for many businesses. Thay are popula for thelr trang data
structures, consistent implementation and flexibility. The advantages of a relational database include
+ Storage efficiency - Relational databases ave very efiient because they use a system of tables with repeating data only stored once, thas
ving alot of storage space
+ Structured data ~ Relational databases require structure to be maintained inorder to held data in tables organized by rows and columns,
allowing for easier retieval and manipulation by running queries over the record
+ Sealablity A relational database can be scaled to accommodate increased usage which is accomplished by adding more resources or
additional hardware components such as new servers or addtional hard drives.
+ Data Integrity —Referenval integrity ensures that related fields in diferent tables remain synchronized when updated or deleted. Tis
‘ensures accurate results even whan joined queried across multiple tables
1+ Mult User Accessibilty ~ Multiple users can access the same information with ltl sk of corrupting it as locking mechanisms eit to
protect ongoing transactions while they're being updated
Disadvantages of Relational Database
‘Complex Data Structures: lational databases have complex data structures that may requie significant knowledge and understanding to
“reste, msintain and update. This complex can make them dificlt to learn and manage for new users ot programmers who don't have a good
Understanding of database design principles,
Limited Flexibility: Relational databases can only store one type of information ina fied or record, which makes it dificult to store complex
information. It makes it even harder when changes need to be made across multiple tables 35 they must ll be updated in order to remain
“consistent with exch other~ this often leads to extra work and ertes ifnet dane correctly
Performance Challenges: Relational databases can struggle with performance when managing large datasets or running analytical queries
against thom, asthe underlying database structure doesnot always scale easily with increasing demands on resources such as memory and
processing powe
Advantages of Object Oriented Database
‘Object-oriented databases (0008) offer a number of benefits and advantages due to their data structure, which makes them powerful and
éffcintin storing, managing, and retrieving large amounts of complicated data. OODBs are especially advantageous when dealing with complex
‘objects such as muimecla, videos, mages and documents rather than just standard data,
Some ofthe main advantages ofan object-oriented database include
+ Creating and storing objects that cxst in real word settings allows the database to easly represent hierarchical relationships between
individual pieces of data
+ Allows for easier searching and retrieval capabilities through comparison queries1+ Faster access times with more efficient storage capabilites when handing large amount of data due to object transactions tha operate
more quickly than relational databases where object transactions break down into smaller ones.
Easier integration with other systems due to its ailiy to handle complex objects without major modifications ar rework during
development,
* Queries are self contained since itretreves an entire object at once rather than breaking down into smaller subqueries tke 2 relational
database,
*+ Easy sclabilty by ading adional processing power or memory capacity as needed for increased use or higher demand wotkloads ost
effectively
Disadvantages of Object Oriented Database
‘jec-ointed Databases {OODBMS an come with some importontlntstion when compsed to Relations Dtabase management ystems
Performance is a common red-flag for OODBMS, a5 relational databases have the innate ability to index subset tables for improved query
time and performance
According to an analysis of multiple database products by ORACLE, OODSMS often times deliver unacceptably slow query results when
‘compared to relational databases.
‘Additonal, navigational methods ae used in
sed within celational databases ~ this can be seen as either a strengthening or limitation depencing an how knowledgeable a user may be with
sa.
sect-oriented databases while sing queries suchas Structured Query Language (SQL) is
Costs may also be af concern when considering an object-oriented database, It must be noted
‘expenses are sometimes lower than relational offerings, the extra resources and expertise necessary for program development and integration
that even though hardware and software
ay exceed the maintenance cost of» relational system in certain cases
Farther, due to implementation complexity issues, i may also not alvays be suitable for a grater variety of users within company networks
Finally cersin incompatibility cues aesocsted with object-oriented tecnnalogies can occur when attempting t integrate them into their
‘environment or connecting them with standards such ater non-object systems, This means that the sharing of data between outside sources
may requie ex effort in order for business transactions take place correctly
Relational Database VS Object-Oriented Database
Relational databases are powerful data storage models, however they may not be the best choice for all applications While relational databases
‘an be powerful implements for creating meaningful data relationships and data management, some of their disadvantages make them less
desirable forcetain applications
This table shows the key lifferences between relational database and object-oriented databases
criteria
Relational Database
Object Oriented Database
Definition
Data is stored in tables which consist of routs and columns.
Data is stored in objects, Objects contain data
‘Amount of data
Tecan handle lege amounts of data
Ir can handle brger and complex data
Type of data
Relational database has single typeof data,
Ie ean hance lifferentsypes of dats
How data fstored
Data is stored in the frm of tables (having rows and
columns)
Data is stored in the form of objects
Data Manipulation
[DML a¢ powerful as relational algebra, Such as SQ, QUEL
DDMLis incorporated into object-oriented programming
relations are implemented as separate fies.
Language and O86 languages, such as C+, Ce
i 1 soos database bit compl (Object oriented databases are easier to leam 3¢
eating eaming relational database is bit complex a eee ence
hr provides persistent storage for objects (havin
It does not provide a persistent storage structure because at_| Proves P ge for objects (having
stueture complex structure) a6 uses indexing techaique to find
the pages tat store the objec.Criteria
Relational Database.
Object Oriented Database
Relational model has key constraints, domain constraints,
“To check the integrity constraint isa basic problem in
Constraints
referential integrty and entity integrity constraints object-oriented database
‘The maintenance cost of relational database may be lower | In some cases hardware and software cost of object
cost than the cast of expertise required development and oriented databases is lower cost than relational
integration of object oriented database.
databasesRELATIONAL DATABASE vS
OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASE
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2 Databasetown.com |
{
RELATIONAL OBJECT-ORIENTED _
DATABASE
Datais storedintables which
consistofrowsand columns.
\tcanhandlelargeamountsof
dato.
Relational databasehas single
typeof data.
Datais storedinthe formof tables
thavingrowsand columns}.
DMLisaspowerfulosrelational
algebra. i.e. SQL, QUEL& QBE.
DAINEA
Datais stored inobjects. Objects
containdate.
Nodatecanbe found,andnoone
elsehaswrittenaboutit.
\tcanhandledifferent types of
data.
Datais storedinthe formof
objects.
DMLis incorporated into object
oriented programminglanguages,
suchasC++,C#.Leorningrélationaldatabase isa
bitcomplex.
\idoesnot providea persistent
storage structure becauseall
relations areimplementedas
separate files.
Relationalmedelhaskey
constraints, domainconstraints,
referentialintegrity, and entity
integrityconstraints.
Object-oriented databasesare
easier tolearnascomparedto
relotionaldatebase.
1s persistent storage for
objects thavingcomplex
structuredasitusesanindexing
techniquete find thepages that
store the object.
Tochecktheintegrityconstraints
isabasicprobleminobject-
oriented database.
LOLA TNL et aol RelA)
Final Words
In conclusion, elitional databases and object-oriented databases have distinct advantages and disadvantages that must be cansdered before
deciding which type of database is best suited fora particular project. Relational databases are highy structured and provide powerul searching
“apabilves, while object-oriented databases allow develope to represent more complex objects and data relationships. Ultimately, the decision
should be based on the needs ofthe application; cost, scalability and ease of development wills influence the choicehupsz#youtube/ewSR-cienég
Further Reading
Relational Dstabace Santis and Limitations
+ 1B baamles of Relational Database
+ 9 ypes of Databoces
* Distibuted Database
+ Potsonal Data
‘Centralized Databace
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~ previous, ext +
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