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He-Ne Laser: Principles and Construction

The He-Ne laser was developed in 1960 and was the first continuous laser. It consists of a mixture of helium and neon gases in a quartz tube pumped by an electric discharge to excite the gases. Light is produced through laser transitions between energy levels of the excited helium and neon atoms and is emitted as a continuous visible beam at 632.8 nm.

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53 views3 pages

He-Ne Laser: Principles and Construction

The He-Ne laser was developed in 1960 and was the first continuous laser. It consists of a mixture of helium and neon gases in a quartz tube pumped by an electric discharge to excite the gases. Light is produced through laser transitions between energy levels of the excited helium and neon atoms and is emitted as a continuous visible beam at 632.8 nm.

Uploaded by

rafey314
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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He - Ne Laser

• He – Ne Laser was developed by Ali Javan and his colleagues in 1960.


• It is a continuous laser.
Construction
RF-
Genarator

90% of He and 10% of Ne atoms

Ne - under a pressure of 0.1 mm of Hg and


He - under a pressure of 1 mm of Hg

For
polarized
light output
• Active medium- The mixture of helium and neon gases in the ratio 10: 1
filled in a quartz tube at a pressure of 0.1 𝑚𝑚 of mercury.
• Pumping source-The gases are excited by using electric discharge either by
dc current or by rf ac current.
• Optical resonator -The resonance cavity can be obtained by using two
optically parallel mirrors on the either side of the tube.
Working

Laser

( 1s2 ) ( 1s2 2s2 2p6 )


The excited He-atoms can easily de-excite by collision with Ne-atom in the GS according to
following scheme.
He* + Ne --------------> He + Ne*
There are three possible laser transitions from these two metastable states.
5𝑠 → 3𝑝 632.8 nm ( visible )
5𝑠 → 4𝑝 3390 nm (𝐼𝑅)
4𝑠 → 3𝑝 1152 nm (𝐼𝑅)
Here the 632.8 nm transition only lies in the visible region. This can be enhanced by
choosing the proper length of resonance cavity.

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