BE mae Let’s study : ‘© Theorem of remote interior angles of a triangle » Theorem of isosceles triangle Property of median on hypotenuse of a right angled triangle ¢ Similar triangles ‘¢ Angle bisector theorem —¢ Inequalities in triangle = ae | Read and Understand | L P Q Res Consider APQR. Extend side QR and mark point S on it such that Q-R-S. CPRS forms a linear pair with one of the interior | | angles, ic. LPRQ. PRS is an exterior angle of APQR with respect to | ZPRQ. The other two angles, / QPR and /.PQR are remote | interior angles. | 2. A triangle has six exterior angles. Theorem of remote interior angles of a triangle «# Property of 30°-60°-90° triangle ZPQR + LOPR + ———_—_——— © Congruence of triangles ‘« Median of a triangle sector theorem «» Perpendicular bi LPRQ=LPRQ + LPRS LPQR +LQPR=LPRS (Eliminating LPRQ from both sides, «« Property of an exterior angle of a triangle Pp ¢ RS If LPRS is an exterior angle of APQR, then LPRS > LQPR and LPRS > L PQR “, an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than each of its remote interior angles. ‘Theorem : The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its remote interior angles. PRACTICE SET 3.1 | (Textbook pages 27 and 28) 1. In the figure, ACD is an exterior angle of AABC. 2B = 40°, LA = 70°. Find the measure of ACD. Given : LPRS is an exterior angle of APQR. e To prove : LPRS = LPQR +ZQPR P a c D Solution : A cn eS <\ Proof : The sum of measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°. . LPQR +ZQPR +2 PRQ= 180° a) a ZLPRQ+ZPRS = 180°... (Angles in a linear pair)... (2) LBAC=107; LaBCaage c. *. from (1) and (2) CACD is an exterior angle of AABC 2 NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Pat I): STANDARD Ix a) LACD = LBAC + ZABC -. (Theorem of remote interior angles) 1. LACD = 70° + 40° », LACD = 110° Ans. ZACD = 110°, 2, In APQR, LP = 70°, /.Q = 65°, then find Solution : In APQR, £P+2Q+LR = 180° .., (Sum of measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°) 70° + 65° + ZR = 180° 135° + ZR = 180° », LR = 180° — 135° 3. The measures of angles of a triangle are x°, (e—20)", (x40). Find the measure of each angle. Solution : The measures of angles of a triangle are 2°, (r= 20), («409° x° + (x= 20)? + (x= 40) = 180° (Sum of measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°) 2. 3x60 = 180 *. 3x= 180-460 (~~ 20)? = (80 ~ 20) = 60° (x— 40)? = (80 — 40)° = 40° Ans, Measures of the angles of the triangle are 80°, 60° and 40°. 4 The measure of one of the angles of a triangle is twice the measure of its smallest angle and the ‘Measure of the other is thrice the measure of the smallest angle. Find the measures of the three | angles, | > Solution : Let the measure of the smallest angle of a Ly Mlangle be 2°, 2/Nevnet Mathematics Digest (Part I): St According to given condition, the measure of the other two angles of the triangle are 24° and 34°. x0 + 20° + 3x? = 180° angles of a triangle is 180°) 6x = 180 180 oo 6 2230 x? = 30° 2x° = (2 x 30)? = 60° 3x° =(3 x 30)° =90° ‘Ans, Measures of the three angles of the triangle are 30°, 60° and 90°. . (Sum of measures of all . In the figure, measures of some angles are given. Using the measures, find the values of x, y, z. r 100° a0" N ar Solution : LTEN + NEM = 180°... (Angles in a linear pair) ~ 100° +y = 180° = 180° — 100° 2 y= 80? CEMR + LEMN = 180° .., (Angles in a linear pair) . 140° +2= 180° = 180° — 140° z=40° In ANEM, *+y+2= 180° ... (Sum of measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°) “. x+80° +40° = 180° - + 120° = 180° vs = 180° — 120° - «= 60° Ans. x= 60°, y = 80° and z= 40° 336. In the figure, line AB || line DE. Find the measures vw. LCABSx4x ++ (From (1))! of LDRE and / ARE using given measures of some +, LAB =2x° ++ 8) angles, | Similarly, CCBA = 2y? = @ > In ACAB, d LACB + LCAB + LCBA = 180” s+ (Sum of R, measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°) i de 1. 70° +2x-+2y = 180°... [From given, (3) and (4)) 70° + 2(x + y) = 180° x Ut y) = 1809-70", 2 +y) = HOP Solution : 1107 Line AB | line DE vs Given) et ye za 58 and line AD is the transversal. “ xty=55° + (3) ZBAD & LEDA .. (Alternate angles) In AAOB LBAD =70° «+. Given) LAOB + LOAB +LOBA = 180° (Sum of *, LEDA = 70° measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°) ie, LEDR = 70° ws (A-R-D) + LAOB+x+y= 180°... [From (1) and (2)) ZARE is an exterior angle of ARDE, *, LAOB + 55° = 180° +++ [From (5)| ZARE = ZEDR + LDER |, LAOB= 180° - 55° . (Theorem of remote interior angles) | », LAOB = 125° LARE = 70° +40° | ans. LAOB = 125°. LARE = 110° [SS CARE + DRE = 180° ... (Angles in a linear pait) Jn the figure, line AB | line CD and line PQ is the ete transversal. Ray PT and ray QT are bisectors of ig DRE = 180" 110; | LBPQ and LPQD respectively. Prove that -, £DRE = 70° | mLPTQ=90°. Ans, LDRE=70°, ARE = 110°. 7. In AABC, bisectors of LA and CB intersect at point O. If LC = 70°, find measure of LAOB. B c A iS wae L A & Solution : LCAO OAB «. (Ray AO bisects LCAB) Let LCAO = LOAB=x° on OY LCBO = LOBA ws» (Ray BO bisects CBA) Let LCBO = LOBA = @) ZCAB = ZCAO + LOAB Proof ; LBPT = ZTPQ (Angles addition postulate) ves (Ray PT bisects LBP NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part II) : STANDARD IXLet 2BPT =/-TpQ = 4° e() /PQT = TED +++ (Ray QT bisects ZPQD) Let LPQT =ZTQD =y° = Q line AB | tine CD and line PQ is the transversal, *. LBPQ + ZPQD = 180° + nterior angles) (CBPT + TPQ) +(LPQT + TQD) = 180° ++ (Angles addition postulate) (+2) ++) = 180°... [From (1) and 2)] ~ 2x+ 2y = 180° *. x+y) = 180° 180° Xty= x+y In APTQ, £PTQ+LTPQ+LTQP= 180°... (Sum of measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°) +, EPTQ+x+y= 180°... [From (1) and (2)] LPTQ +.90° = 180° .. [From (3)] ZPTQ=180°—90° , LPTQ=90° Ans. LPTQ = 90°, 90° - 3) 9, Using the information given in the figure, find the measures of La, 6 and Le. Solution : Lb =70° .. (Vertically opposite angles) LC + 100° = 180° .-- (Angles in a linear pair) 10, In the figure, line DE || line GF ray EG and ray FG are bisectors of (DEF and (DFM respectively. Prove that, @ LDEG =}. EDF (ii) EF =FG. > g Proof : LDEG = LGEF «(Ray EG bisects DEF) Let LDEG = /GEF =x° = @ LDEF = LDEG + LGEF «(Angles addition postulate) LDEF = 2° + x° . [From (1)] LDEF = 2x° 7a (2) Line DE || line GE and line EF is the transversal, LDEF = LGFM «+. (Corresponding angles) LGFM = 2x° s+ [From (2)] ... (3) LDFG = LGFM .. (Ray FG bisects /DFM) *, LDFG = 2x° +. [From (3)] ... (4) LDFM =LDFG +GFM “+ (Angles addition postulate) LDFM = 25° 4 24° [From (3) and (4)] *. LDFM =4x° oS) DFM is an exterior angle of ADEF. , CDFM = EDF +/DEF +++ (Theorem of remote interior angles) LC = 180° — 100° : an . 4x = LEDF + 24° C= 80° *, LEDF = 4x° — La+Lb+Le=180° ... (Sum of measures of all ae anus *. LEDF=2x° angles of a triangle is 180°) nme La + 70° + 80° = 180° -EDF = 2/ DEG + {From (1)] *. La + 150° = 180° . Lpec=! EDF “. La= 180° — 150° “ Line DE | line GF (Given) », La=30° and line EG is the transversal LDEG = LFGE (Alternate angles) 3. TRIANGLES 35-. LFGE In AFEG, 6) LFGE = /GEF {From (1) and (6)) " EF=FG .+ (lsosceles triangle theorem) occa ne ee — Read and Understand | # Consider ABC and APOR of any shape and size | on the paper. *# There are six different ways of putting one triangle over the other among the two sets of vertices of triangles. | They are (@ ABC++PQR (ii) ABC++QPR (iii) ABC++QRP__ (iv) ABC++RQP (vy) ABC++RPQ (vi) ABC ++PRQ. | + Outof six correspondences, between the vertices of | the tangles, if there exists atleast one in which the triangles cover each other exactly, then we say the triangles are congruent with respect to that correspondence. | + Suppose by comespondence ABC +> QPR the triangles cover each other exactly, then we write | ABC = AQPR. * If two tiangles are congruent, then corresponding angles and corresponding sides of those two triangles are congruent. | © Corresponding sides of congruent triangles is | # Corresponding sides of gl | “ritten as ¢.s.c.t and corresponding angles of (congruent triangles is written as c.a..t _ Tests of Congruence ee (1) In a correspondence, if two angles of AABC are qual to two angles of APQR and the sides included by the respective pairs of angles are also equal, then the two triangles are congruent, A p ~ ve ~ ge a 4, # eo k This property is called as angle-side—angle test, which in short we write A-S~A test (2) In acorrespondence, if two sides of ABC are uy, + : inch to two sides of APQR and the angles includeg by te respective paits of sides are also equal, then they, triangles are congruent. This property is called as side-angle-side yy which in short we write S~A~S test. (3) In a correspondence, if three sides of AARC equal to three sides of APQR, then the two triang, are congruent. A Q , pare - This property is called as side—side—side test, whics in short we write S-S-S test. | @) If in AABC and APQR, ZB and LQ are righ angles, hypotenuses are equal and AB = PQ, then te two triangles are congruent. a P This property is called the hypotenuse side test (5) Extension of A-S—A test two angles of one triangle are congruent to the angles of another triangle, then the remaining angle of these triangles are Congruent. ... (The sum of & measures of the angles of a triangle is 180°.) ~ A-S-A test can be considered as A~A-S tests S-A-A test NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part 1) : STANDARD 1x2. Observe the information shown in pairs of PRACTICE SET 3.2 | textbook pages 31 o 33) 1, In each of the examples given below, a pair of triangles is shown, Equal parts of triangles in each pair are marked with the same signs. Observe the figures and state the test by which the triangles in each pair are congruent. @ A PR j wae ate By SSS test of congruence AABC = APOR NA ZA By ASA test of congruence, APRQ = ASTU ) By SAS test of congruence, AXYZ = ALMN wv) 1, MT P By hypotenuse side test of } congruence, ' ALMN = APTR NR triangles given below. State the test by which the two triangles are congruent. Write the remaining congruent parts of the triangles. hy A p Lo ce R From the information shown in the figure, in AABC and APQR LABC = LPQR Seg BC & seg QR LACB = LPRQ . SABC = A PRQ (ASA test of congruence) 3. TRIANGLL LBAC = ZOPR ea(@-aet) sen AB m8 Pe } 1. (68.c-) and seg AC seg PR m7 r R x @ 5 From the information shown in the figure, in APTQ and ASTR Seg PT & seg ST LPTQ = CSTR .. Seg TQ = seg TR (Vertically opposite angles) (SAS test of congruence) “ } 1. (Cac) and TQP = LTRS seg PQ = seg SR -. (esc) 3. From the information shown in the figure, state the test assuring the congruence of A ABC and APQR. Write the remaining congruent parts of the € R Solution : ABAC = APQR (Hypotenuse side test of congruence) side AC & side QR + (C.8.c.t) ZABC = LQPR . (C.a.c.t,) ZACB = LQRP ++ (Cac) §§ A enn 4. As shown in the following figure, in ALMN and APNM, LM=PN, LN=PM. Write the test which assures the congruence of the two triangles. ‘Write their remaining congruent parts. L P M N Solution : ALMN = APNM -- (SSS test of congruence) » (act) (acct) (cacy ee A ee 7 c and line BC is the transversal, (1) The segment joining a vertex and the midpoint of the", L ABC + ECB = 180° (Interior angle side opposite to it is called median of the triangle, +, 90° + L ECB = 180° In the above figure, D is the midpoint of side BC. |, L ECB = 180° —90° Therefore, seg AD is the median LECB =90° 40 NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part Il) : STANDARD IXIn SABC and AECB, Seg AB > seg EC s+ [From (1)] LABC = ZECB -. (Each measures 90°) Seg BC = seg CB «(Common side) ABC = AECB (SAS test of congruence) Seg AC & seg EB + (ese) AC=EB Q I BD=5 EB (Construction) 1 - BD=5 Ac ++. [From (2)] ee PRACTICE SET 3,3 (Textbook page 38) 1. Find the value of x and y A using the information shown in figure, Find the measures of ABD ® ye and / ACD. Solution : In ABC, seg AB ~ seg AC (Given) = LABC = LACB ... (Isosceles triangle theorem) ZACB = 50° . Given) -. LABC = 50° ie. x=50° LCBD = 60° . Given) ZABI =ZABC+ZCBD (Angles addition postulate) . LABD = 50° + 60° LABD = 110° In ACBD, seg DB = seg DC - (Given) . CDCB = LDBC.. (Isosceles triangle theorem) LDBC = 60° ++ (Given) LDCB = 60° ie. y= 60° ACD = ACB +ZDCB . (Angles addition postulate) *. LACD = 50° +60° * LACD= 110°. Ans. x= 50°, y= 60°, 2 ABD = 110°, / ACD = 110°. et ele 2. The length of hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is 15, Find the length of median on its hypotenuse, Solution ; Length of hypotenuse of right angled triangle = 15 Ina right angled triangle, the length of the median on the hypotenuse is half the length of the hypotenuse. 1 ~ length of median ofits hypotenuse = 5 x 15 =7.5 Ans. Length of median of its hypotenuse is 7.5 units. 3. InAPQR, LQ = 90°, PQ = 12, QR=5 and QS is a median. Find ((QS). Solution : In APQR, LPQR=90° By Pythagoras’ theorem, PR? = PQ? + QR? *. PR? = 12? +5? o. PR? = 144 +25 “PR? = 169 o PR=/169 2. PR=13 Ina right angled triangle, the length of the median on . Given) the hypotenuse is half the length of the hypotenuse gs= 3x13 1 5. QS=5 PR *. QS=65 Ans, 1(QS) =6.5 units. i 4. In the figure, point G is the point of concurrence of the medians of APQR. If GT = 2.5, find the lengths of PG and PT P ¢é T ® Solution : GT=2.5 .. Given) PG: GT= ~»- (The centroid divides each median in the ratio 2:1) prone a2 oT, at 25° + PG=2%25 3. TRIANGLES 4+ (P-G-T) Perpendicular bisector theorem | ery point on the Perpendicular bisector of a segment is equidistant from the end points of the segment, Given : line / is the perpendicular bisector of seg AB at point M. Point P is any point on /, ‘To Prove : PA =PB Construction : Draw seg AP and seg BP. Proof : In APMA and APMB Seg PM = seg PM (Common side) ZPMA = PMB «+ (Each is a right angle) Seg AM = seg BM .. (Given) APMA = APMB __... (SAS test of congruence) seg PA & seg PB + (Cs.e.) IPA) = (PB) Hence every point on the perpendicular bisector of | a segment is equidistant from the end points of the segment. Part I: Any point equidistant from the end points of a segment P lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment. Given : Point P- is any point equidistant from the end points of seg AB. That is, PA = PB. To Prove : Point P is on the perpendicular bisector of seg AB. Construction : Take midpoint M of seg AB and draw line PM. Proof : In APAM and APBM Seg PA = seg PB Seg AM = seg BM seg PM (Given) (M js the midpoint of seg AB) .. (Common side) 42 (SSS test of congruence) | PAM = APBM . 2PMA = PMB . (ree) (ly PMA +LPMB = 180°» (Angles in a linear pain », LPMA + LPMA = 180° ++ (From (1)) “. 2.PMA = 180° . LPMA=90° PM 1 seg AB fi .. (Construction | also M is the midpoint of seg AB “line PM is the perpendicular bi «point P is on the perpendicular bisector of seg AB, poi son te perpen Beso 8 AB Canad Part I : Every point on the bisector of an angle is equi- | distant from the sides of the angle. Given : Ray QS is bisector of LPQR. Point A is any point on ray QS Seg AB 1 ray QP and seg AC 4 ray QR To Prove : seg AB = seg AC isector of seg AB. the "a Caer Proof : In AABQ and AACQ Seg QA ~ seg QA «++ (Common side) ZLABQ = LACQ «+. (Each measures 90°) ZAQB © LAQC «. (Ray QA bisector /PQR) AABQ = AACQ .. (SAA test of congruence) ©. seg AB & seg AC ws (Cet) Part II: Any point equi- distant from sides of an ‘angle is on the bisector of | the angle. | Given : A is a point in the | interior of LPQR. seg AC 1 ray QR, seg AB 4 ray QP and AB = AC ‘To Prove : Ray QA is the bisector of LPQR. That is BQA =L CQA NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part 11) : STANDARD IXProof : In 4 ABQ and A. ACQ LABQ=2 ACQ = 90° +. (Given) Hypotenuse AQ = Hypotenuse AQ ... (Common side) Side AB © side AC + ABQ = AACQ (By hypotenuse side test of congruence) *, LBQA = LCQA os (Cael) “. Tay QA is bisector of /PQR (Given) Properties of inequalities of, sides and angles of trian; ‘Theorem : If two sides of a triangle are unequal, then the angle opposite to the greater side is greater than angle opposite to the smaller side. x Jee y % Given : In AXYZ, side XZ > side XY To Prove : LXYZ > LXZY Construction : Take point P on side XZ such that XY =XP. Draw seg YP. Proof : In AXYP, XY = XP v. LXPY=LXYP ++ (Isosceles triangle theorem ) ... (D) L-XPY is an exterior angle of AYPZ. . LXPY > LPZY ++ (Exterior angle theorem) . LXYP > LPZY e+ [From ()] . LXYP+PYZ>LPZY vs (Ifa > band ¢ > 0 then a +c >b) -. XYZ > LPZY, that is XYZ > XZY + (Construction) Theorem : If two angles of a triangle are unequal, then the side opposite to the greater angle is greater than the side opposite to smaller angle. ‘The theorem can be proved by indirect proof. A B c Given : In AABC, £B > LC To Prove : AC > AB Proof : There are only three possibilities regarding the lengths of side AB and side AC of SABC (AC EAB Gi) AC AB Ci) AC > AB () AC < AB If nwo sides of a triangle are unequal, then the angle opposite to greater side is greater ce>/p Bu lC< iB (Given) ‘This creates a contradiction 2. AC < AB is wrong (i) HAC=AB then 2B= CC... (lsosceles triangle theorem) But 2B>/C (Given) This also creates a contradiction <. AC= AB is wrong +. AC > AB is the only remaining possibility 2 AC> AB theorem : The sum of bd any two sides of a triangle is ‘greater than the third side. Given : AABC is any triangle. To Prove: AB +AC > BC AB+BC > AC AC+BC > AB Construction : Take a point D on ray BA such that B-A-D and AD = AC. Draw seg CD, Proof : In AACD, AC= AD «+ (Construction) . LACD=LADC _... (Isosceles triangle theorem) . LACD+ZACB > LADC ZBCD > LADC side BD > side BC (The side opposite to greater angle is greater) *, BA+AD > BC .. (BD =BA + AD) BA+AC > BC .. (AD = AC) Similarly, we can prove that AB + BC > AC and BC + AC > AB. ar = 0, = 4.in AFAN, LF ‘wr [PRACTICE SETA tn J or ind ot he 1: el figure, point A is on the greatest and the smallest” tor of < XY side of the triangle. State 2 a If AX = 2 em then find AZ. Solution eee LA+LN= 180° Solution : In AFAN, LF + & Point A lies on the bisector of (Sum of measures of all angles of a triangie vz we is 189, A is equidistant from the sides of L XYZ 180° .- (Angle bisector theorem) ~- 80° +40°#L N= . Given) |, 120° +L N= 180° eb 180° — 120° J. LN=60" 2. Inthe figure, RST = 56°, LF>LN>LA ear ny ches raa a oe +. AN>FA> FN and seg PR = seg PT. (Side opposite to greater angle is greater) Find the measure of RSP. ; 1est side of the triangle and FN is State the reason for your answer. ee a Solution : seg PT 1 ray ST ci | the smallest side of the triangle. ee seg PR 1 ray et ie seg PR > seg PT .. Given) | 5. Prove that an equilateral A ie. PR=PT. | triangle is equiangular. point P is equidistant from the sides of TSR Solution: point P lies on the bisector of “TSR | Given : AABC is equilateral. s+ (Angle bisector theorem) .. (1) | ty prove : A } : 2 ¢ ZLRST=56° cRsp=} ZRST ... [Form (1)} { ABC is equiangular. 1 | Proof : In ABC, ERSP = 5 x 56° | Seg AB = seg AC apse os i (Sides of an equilateral triangle) |. LABC = LACB a ae PQ= a em, } (Isosceles triangle theorem) ... (1) QR = 12 cm, PR=8 cm. ‘In AABC, Seg AC = seg BC Find out the greatest and : Hpac deans i +» (Sides of an equilateral triangle) triangle. } newepeng 4 PO= 10 em i s+» (Isosceles triangle theorem) ... (2) OR =12 cm . Given) | ZABC = LACB = LBAC PR=8 cm { (Form (1) and @)) © QR > PQ > PR i AABC is equiangular, +, LOPR > /PRQ > /PQR }—— (Angle opposite to greater side is greater) | 6, p | 6 Prove that, if the bisect C BC ZQPR is the greatest angle and / PQR is the smallest |, slants Aerie oo | _ is perpendicular to side BC, then AABC is isosceles triangle, “4 NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part It): STANDARD 1X eeZPRQ is an extetior angle of APRS, LPRQ > LPSR.... (Property of an exterior angle of a triangle) ... (2) 1. If AXYZ~ ALMN, write the corresponding angles of the two triangles and also write the ratios of corresponding sides. Solution : Side DB = side EA (Given) Proof : In AADB and AADC. * AADB = ABEA ZBAD = / CAD __ (By hypotenuse side test of congruence) -- Given) seg AD = seg BE fesse! Seg AD = seg AD _ a ae aaa ADB = / ADC s+» Each measure 90°) | - SABD = AADC ... (ASA test of congruence) | ma | ". Seg AB & seg AC ws (eset) | | (1) In AABC and APQR, +. ABC is isosceles, ib] if LA=2P,2B=2Q,LC=2R and ee rece ee | (i) SB BC LAC then AABC and APOR 7 In the figure, if seg PR = seg PQ, show that | PQ QR PR seg PS > seg PQ. { are called similar triangle. B } “QABC and APQR are similar’ is written as | ‘ABC ~ APOR’ | | ttcomesponding angles of two triangles are equal | | than the two triangles are similar ¢ : : {| cay Toto fangs eect, then har eomespond- Proof : In APQR, i ing sides are in proportion and corresponding seg PQ & seg PR v. Given) { { angles are congruent. + 2PRQ = LPOR ; ++ (sosceles triangle theorem) ... (1) / |” PRACTICE SET 35 (Textbook page 47) . LPQR > LPSR .. [From (1) and (2)] ges ae Sa ie. LPQS > LPSQ ws QR-S) ... 3) ix 2 Al In APQS, y= iM i (Corresponding angles LPQS > LPSQ w [From@)) $ Zz = LN of similar triangles) "seg PS > seg PQ | oxy wom LM MN’ LN (Side opposite to greater angle is greater) ——_—— (Corresponding sides of similar triangles) re | 2. In AXYZ, XY=4 em, YZ =6 em, XZ=5 em. If | AXYZ ~ APQR and PQ=8 cm then find the lengths of remaining sides of APQR. 8. In the figure, in AABC, 4 seg AD and seg BE are e altitudes and AE = BD. Prove that rs Solution : XY=4 em, YZ=6 em, XZ=5 em seg AD = seg BE | PO=8tm (Given) Proof : In AADB and ABEA, | AXYZ ~ APQR .. Given) LADB = LBEA = 90° s+ Given) | Hypotenuse AB ~ Hypotenuse BA { «(Common side) | «++ (Corresponding sides of similar triangles) 3. TRIANGLES, 48oO a a ++ (From (1)] + {From (1)] | PROBLEM SET-3 1. Draw a sketch of a pair of siailar triangles, Laby | them, Show their corresponcling angles PY the sam signs. Show the lengths of corresponding sides by numbers in proportion. Solution : (Textbook pages 49 and 50) 1. Choose the correct alternative answer for the following questions : (i) If two sides of a triangle are 5 cm and 1.5 cm, the length of its third side cannot be ... . (A) 3.7m (B) 4.1 cm (©) 38cm (D) 34em (ii) In APQR, if ZR > 2Q then ... (A) QR>PR_ — (B) PQ>PR (© PQ PR i) (B) PQ AB + Q) AB=AC ++ (Given) 1 Multiplying both the sides by 5, 1 1 we get, 5 AB=5 AC + 3) AE=AD [From (1), (2) and (3)] ... (4) In ABAD and ACAE, seg AB ~ seg AC .. (Given) ZBAD = LCAE s+ (Common angle) seg AE = seg AD [From (4)] +. MBAD = ACAE ++ (By SAS test of congruence) seg BD = seg CE (eset) 3. In APQR, if PQ>PR P and bisectors of LQ and LR intersect at §, then show that SQ > SR. Proof : In APQR, PQ > PR (Given) 6 NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part 11) : STANDARD IX*. ZPRQ > LPQR 8 sss (Angle opposite to greater side is greater) Multiplying both the sides by i we get, -() --(Ray RS bisects PRQ) ... (2) ZSQR 5 LPQR +++ (Ray QS bisects LPQR) ... 3) Im AsRQ, ZSRQ > LSQR ©. SQ>SR (Side opposite to greater angle is greater) +++ [From (1), (2) and (3)] 4. In the figure, point D A and E are on side BC of AABC, such that BD = CE and AD = AE. Show that cs see AABD = AACE. Proof : In AADE, seg AD = seg AE .. (Given) LADE = LAED + (sosceles triangle theorem) ... (1) LADE + LADB = 180° + (Angles in a linear pair) . ZAED + LAEC = 180° . (Angles in a linear pair) ... (3) -, LADE + LADB =LAED + AEC .. [From (2) and (3)] @Q) LADE=ZAED +» [From (1)] LADB=LAEC 4) In AADB and AAEC seg AD & seg AE .. Given) LADB = LAEC [Form (4)] seg DB = seg EC Given) - SADB = AAEC.... (SAS test of congruence) 3. TRIANGLES In the figure, point $ is any point on side QR of APQR. Prove that PQ + QR + RP > 2PS. Proof : In APQS, PQ+QS > PS .. [The sum of any (wo sides of a triangle is greater the third side] as (1 Similarly, in A PSR, SR+PR > PS + Q} Adding (1) and (2), we get, PQ+QS +SR+PR > PS +PS | <. PQ+ (QS +SR) +PR > 2PS | ©. PQFQR+PR > 2PS . (Q-S-R) . In the figure, bisector of / BAC intersects side BC | at point D. Prove that AB > BD. | | i ao 7 | Proof : ZBAD = ZCAD ... (Ray AD bisects BAC) | LBAD=LCAD a) ZADB is an exterior angle of AADC, ZADB > LCAD ++ (An exterior angle of a triangle is greater than its remote interior angle) 2 In AABD, ZADB > /BAD [Form (1) and (2)] AB > BD (Side opposite to greater angle is greater) 477. In the figure, seg PT is the bisector of “QPR. A line through R and parallel to seg PT intersects ray QP at point S. Prove that PS=PR [Note : Seg RS should be parallel to sep TP. This isnot given inthe textbook } Proof : LQPT = CTPR.. ( Ray PT bisects LQPR) ... (1) Seg PT | seg SR <= (Given) and line PR is the transversal, ©. CTPR = PRS... (Alternate angles) ... (2) Seg PT | seg SR .. (Given) and line PS is the transversal, LQPT = LPSR ... (Corresponding angles) ... (3) In APRS, PRS = LPSR o. seg PS seg PR. ". PS=PR gp 8. In the figure, B seg AD 1 seg BC. Seg AE is the bisector E of LCAB and C-E-D. Prove that : -- [Form (1), (2) and (3)} (Isosceles triangle theorem) DAE=} (/B-LO) ‘ ‘c {Note : Prove that LDAE=} (LC—ZB) as given in the textbook is not proper. It should be, LDAE =! (LB -L.O] Proof : Seg AE bisects CAB (Given) Let, /BAE =LEAC =x @) EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE-3 1 Mark Questions 1. Observe the figure and state the test by which the triangles in each pair are congruent. NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part 11): Ap + LDAE LBAE= {BAD +=" cles addition Postulag, BaD + LDAE cao xed 2 LDAE=x-4BAD ee w LDAE +LEAC concn av- (Angles addition postu, DAE+* » [From (1) VAC —¥ g 2 (3), we get, edie ~ |, -LBAD+LDAC~x 2/DAE=DAC-/BAD « upag=1 (LAC -4BAD) 4 / B= LADC = 90? Given, LADB is an exterior angle of A ADC, LADB =ZDAC + DCA _.. CTheorem of remote interior angles epac+2c yp — DAC LADC is an exterior angel of A ABD, LaDC =LABD + /BAD ...(Theorem of remote interior angles) *. 9° =2B +/BAD 2B =90°-ZBAD 6 Subtracting (5) from (6), we get £B—LC =(90° — LBAD) — (90° — DAC) +, CB~LC=90°—ZBAD—90° + DAC 2B-LC=LDAC—LBAD 0) : LDAE =} (LBL) +++ (From 4 and 7) 2 Observe the figure, write the congruent of triangles and find which angle is congruet wo LR, NV tet as we STANDARD Ix4. In the figure, point P ties on the perpendicular bis seg AB. If PA=4 em find PB. ctor of 4. In the figure, / ABC = 99», CBAC = 45° then find AB if AC=8\/2em. A 8\3em, | fc 2 Marks Questions 1. In the figure, AC=12 cm, ZABC=90°, | {BAC = 30° then find AB and BC. A e | B c | 2. Inthe figure, ABC = 90°, AB =6 cm, BC=8 em seg BD is the median. Find BD. | A Gem | 8 Tom c | | 3. IF AABC ~ APQR, write the corresponding angles | of the two triangles and also write the ratios of | | corresponding sides. 4. In AXYZ, XY =8 em, YZ = 10 cm, XZ = 6 cm. If | AXYZ ~ APQR and PQ=4 cm then find the lengths of remaining sides of APQR 3/Nayneet Mathematics Digest (Part I1): Std. X| 059) 5. In APQR. PQ = 4 em and QI the length of third side PR (Open ended question) 6. In the figure, AC = DE and 2 ACB = LDF then to get ACI = AEDF, what additional informa- tion should be provided. (Open ended question) A e 7. In the figure, find the value of ‘x’ 3 Marks Questions 1. Inthe figure, AB = AC and point Pisin the interior of AABC such that PB=PC then prove LABP = LACP 8 c 2. Inthe figure, seg AC ® seg DE, seg BD = seg CF, LACB = LEDF Prove : seg AB ~ seg EF. a 9| 4. In the figure, AB=AC and B-C-D then prove 4, In the prove LBDC > “A. a 5, Prove that the sum of # 6, Prove that the peri AD > AB. ‘ , | | 1. AABC = APQR a ‘ 7 AXYZ ; | 2. SRQP= 4/5 Marks Questions t ‘ “1. In the figure, A | } i =Lx seg AB = seg AD, = eral seg BC = seg BD | 2. In the figure, seg AB seg AC, B-A-E and AB ray AD bisects EAC then prove ray AD || side BC. | PQ 3. Ifangle bisector of an angle of a triangle bisects the opposite side to that angle then prove that the __ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ai (For Internal Evaluation) | Q. Choose the correct alternative answer for each | és (©) 50° (D) 80° | (A) 70° (B) 105° Je [NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part 11): STANDARD IX nt D is in 8 - point G.I AG-=6 em find GD and AD also if | the interior of ABC then BE = 12 em find q i cm find BG and GE, {uoTS) any 4, QR=5 cm, PR=3 cm. 5, The length of PR is greater than 2 cm but less than c \ two sides of a triangle, edian drawn t0 the thcg a i ce the mi t ere than twie on a eter of triangle is Breater thy the sum of its three medians. ANSWERS -—~ ——CANSWERS 1 Mark Questions 1 Mark Questions ~_. (SAS test of congruence) _.. (Hypotenuse side test 3 Marks Questions | | 3. GD=3 om, AD=9 cm, BG= 4/5 Marks Questions - £= 55°, y= 55°, p= 50°, 65° D (©) 35° of congruence) ae (CCL) || 3, ppedcm_ ... (Perpendicular bisector theorem) 5 | | 4 AB=8om. cm, 2. BD=Scm 6, LBAC = LFED is one of the possible answer, om, GE=4 em, In the figure, the value of x is ... @) 90°9. | * | li > | | se | ii} a wa j es 2 the figure, AB=AC, B-c_p, Ray CM | 5 Wom | bisects CACD, then x+y is... | Inthe figure, AB =9 em, BC = 40 cm. BD is the (A) 145° (B) 130° © 155° (D) 140° ‘median to the hypotenuse AC. Then BD ah | (A) 206m (B) 9em (C) 41cm (D) 20.5em } © I | in the figure, lt hae 7 . AABD = AEBC by . | e ; = | (A) SAA test of congruence | |B) SAS test of congruence ipod : : | (©) ASA test of congruence In the figure, G is the centroid where medians (D) SSS test of congruence: | f AD and BE intersect. If BG = 10 cm, 5. The measure of the acute angle of an isosceles right |_| then GE =... | | angled triangle is (A) Sem (B) 10cm | (A) 30° (B) 45° (©) 60? @) 40° | © 1sem (D) 75 em | | 6. Out of the following which is not the test for nA In the figure, £Q=90°, , | congruency of triangles ? |i LP=LR=45° | (A) SA‘ i (A) SAS (B) SSS (C) AAA (D) SAA | | a | 7. If two medians of a triangle are congruent, then the | \ triangle is | | | | a » | (A) an isosceles triangle @ R | |B) an equilateral triangle | | © ascalene triangle ip Sf HS Ow OW (D) cannot be determined n Inthe figure, /.P = 30°, /R = 70°. (BA In the figure, LB=90°, 0 Which of the following statements i fh 0 | LA =30°, AC=10 em, | is tue? | then AB= oem | \ A | ob tec : | | 3 c | \ | A) PR>PQ>QR — (B) PR>QR>PQ > - (A) Sem (B) 5/3 cm @) me | ee © PQ>QR>PR (D) PQ>PR>OR | © 10Y3em — (D) 10cm | pid 3. TRIANGLES ehWem Q em Rg In the figure, PQ=7.5 em, QR = 12 cm, PR = 10cm. Which of the following statements is true? (A) CPQR > LPRQ> LROP (B) LPRQ > LPQR > LQPR (C) ZQPR > LPRQ> LPOR (D) ZQPR > LPR > LPRO In the figure, seg SM 4 ray QP and seg SN 1 ray QR and SM = SN. If LPQS = 30°, then LMSN=... . (A) 120° (B) 60° (©) 30° (D) 90° In the figure, the value of x is ... , Lk | Lo T { 7 In the figure, the valve of xis + (©) 50°) 35° ca) or) 4 In the figure, the value of mis ... (ay 0°) 30" 7”) 40° 18, If AABC ~ APQR and AB : PQ=3: 4. If AB=9 cm, then PQ=..- - (A) 12cm (B) 16 cm (© 25cm () Sem 19. R 1p Inthe figure, 2 LA+LB+LC+LD+ LE+LF= a“ © 3 (A) 180° (B) 360° (C) 540° (D) 240° 20, Lengths of three segments are given below. Determine which of them will form a triangle. (A) Tom, 3.5 om, 3.5 em (B) 3.0m, 4em, 5 em (A) 100° (B) 120° (C) 140° (D) 160° | | (©) 2m, 8 em, 4m be ee ee | (©) 34 em, 12 em, 43 em ANSWERS. 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9 (D) 10. (A) LW 2A BO) WA) BO 6A 10 Ba 20) »® ee 52 NAVNEET MATHEMATICS DIGEST (Part Il): STANDARD 1x