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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
747 views25 pagesChemistry Practicals
Uploaded by
rudrajvshewale007Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Procedure:
1. Take four conical flasks (250 mL), wash with water and label them as A, B, C.
2. Using 50 mL burette take exactly 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL 0.1 M Na,S,0, in the flasks A, B,C
D respectively.
3. Using another $0 mL burette add 28, 18 and & distilled water to flasks A, Band respectively
(There is no addition of distilled water in flask D)
4. With the help of 10 mL measuring cylinder, add 2 mL 1 M HCI o the flask A containing 20
mL 0.1 MNa,S.0, and 28 mL distilled water. Start the stop watch immediately.
5. Shake and keep the conical flask on a paper having cross mark and view the cross mark
through reaction mixture from top of the conical flask.
6. When the cross mark on the paper just become invisible stop the stop watch immediately and
record the time required in seconds.
7. Repeat the experiment by adding 2 mL 1 M HCl to flasks B, C and D, simultaneously. By
using stop watch record the time required, when cross mark on the paper just becomes
invisible. (Use same paper having cross mark for flasks B, C and D)
, Drespectively
Observation Tabl
01M
1m __ Time required to
ee ee a
A 20 2) 2 | oe 2.008. 0.04 |
B 30 ec pey 0010. 0.06
“¢ 40 8 : eee ‘atk
Pitnc ein 4oe | a | 9.0lu ha
Graph: Plot a graph of 1/t against concentration of sodium Lignostsie a
Result:
Rate of reaction (1/t) is .Between...Na8,9, Heli .
proportional +8 the concentration oF me
Because 1/t ig divect measure
reachon. x ate o
Rate of teacHon + L0,S,049)
10%
Fr Aim Te Study the effect. of aig 8% on the ‘ode oF
reacHon between orfeducing agent b. oxidising agent
c. precipitating agent d. chelating agent
2. The total amount of solution in each flask in above experiment is
‘a. 250 mL \b-80 mL
c. 100 mL 4. 50 mL
3, Why is it necessary to repeat the experiment in each case twice?
gt take the average time
because there is no accuracy in appearance of blue colour.
c. the total amount of solution in each flask is not 100 cm*
i. there is temperature variation in water bath.
4. Which one of the following acid is used to make the medium acidic in above experiment?
a. hydrochloric acid b. perchloric acid
c. nitric acid estilfuric acid
1. Why fresh solution of sodium sulphite is used in this experiment ?
‘Ans... PIWOS.... USE... PXERD ored. salution,..of....s9dium....
pe AUS Mi Peo
Sul phite........bec Ibs. sily.......oxidi zed by..ait....
2. What will uncon if we do not use a freshly prepared starch solution? :
Ans. Sho-tehy.... Salution.....ceadi ly, meacts.... apith...cly.1t..foums
T valledial...Soludion,... dich... Can... inierere eoith. blus Colt
Formation oF 1oaine- starch Comple x.
3. Mention the factors that affect the rate of reaction in above experiment?
Ans. Factor. arfecting..,.rade....0F.... MeACHon..1.S.... CONG» oF
pstasium, iedadg, (Elp)... sol ,..BS,.... CONC»... iadade fon
increases, 7 oF weacHon increases J time oF
4. Out of the reactions (I) and (II) given below, which would be the rate determinit ?
What is the molecularity of the rate determining step? ap pearance aE ee Color
10; +3807 F +3807 wd StU decreases.
Select [] the most appropriate answer from given alternatives of each sub question.
1, What is the role of F ions when reacts with 10, in acidie medium?
7
5+ 10, + 6H’ —> 3H,0 431, nol Fagt
‘Ans. .AS.....1@aCHON. Ci),..18.... 8960.0. FE fe..nate.... determining qeach
and. amolecularity....18...2 Chimoletwat).... :
§, What is the role of iodate ion in above reaction?
i enexated. by. reaction.
next...She data. in
between. iodate |
excess coil
complex : Deis yp
‘Aim: To determine enthalpy of dissolution of copper sulphate (CuSO,.5H,O) in water at room
temperature.
‘Theory: Heat of solution is the change in enthalpy when one mole of a substance is dissolved in
«a large amount of solvent so that further dilution does not change the enthalpy. Generally for |
mole of solute 400 moles of solvent is recommended. Heat of solution is due to ionization or some
hydrate formation. Dissolution may be exothermic or endothermic process,
Reaction: CuSO,.5H,0(s) + H,O() ——» CuSO, (aq) ; AH = + 11.7 kJ/mol
Apparatus: Polythene bottle, cork having two holes,two 100 mL beakers, measuring cylinder.
Chemicals: Copper sulphate and distilled water.
Diagrom:
Rubber cork
Thermometer
Stirrer
Polythene bottle
Hydrated copper sulphate
(CuSO,.5H,O + water)
1, Take 2SmL water in a polythene bottle.
2. Fit cork on polythene bottle, insert stirrer and thermometer
3. _ Record the initial temperature of water (1,°C).. ral arahes Se ee back
‘ Add 7 g of powdered copper sulph
ate (CuSO, 5H,O) to the po
copper sulphate completely. vere
+ When substance just dissolves (°C),
i. Specific heat capacity of commonly used PET
11g "C = 1000.J/kg °C. 20.25 cag’ P*°* Polythene bottle can be approximated to
ii, Ifthe bottle is thin walled, its mass
Stir the solution to dissolve the Select [V] the most appropriate answer from given alternatives of each sub question.
1. The removal of one electron from each atom in one mole is called
a. enthalpy \p-fitst ionization enthalpy
¢. second ionization enthalpy d. electronegativity
2. Mathematically the enthalpy is represented by equation
a. AH=H,-H, He U+Py
c, AH = AU d. AH = AU +P AV
3. The amount of copper sulphate used in dissolution is
a.2g b.39 7.59 7g
4. The dissolution of copper sulphate is.........
a. exothermic reaction «p-endothermie reaction
c. reversible reaction . irreversible reaction
1, What is enthalpy?
Ans. Tore... eat content. ...of...any..... System [Link]
_fenthal py.
2. What is enthalpy of the solu
eee ie Sl Ee CRS i OCeSS. Aes aahich..mole oF
su) Med... SPC. Amour
any igs ret ce eal eee INk....OF...Soluend..1 8
3. Write two an each ba casdiadianeedl endothermic nature.
4 Why is enthalpy of solution for some substances negative while for others tf postive?
Ans. fox. gome.... reactions, hectt...releases....S.0...enthalp
“nggative....canile. ther... RACH INS. ,.. Ne ort ‘abscibs
SO... ent APY... ChANge.....18.... positive...
5. Why is copper sulphate taken in powdered form? Aim: To determine heat of displacement (enthalpy change) of ‘Cu’ from CuSO, solution by
zine dust,
Theory: The elements having lower values of standard potential can displace another element
from its solution having higher value of standard potential. The enthalpy change that occurs,
‘when one mole of a substance is completely displaced from its aqueous solution is called enthalpy
of displacement. Zine dissolve in the copper sulphate solution by liberating heat and copper gets
precipitated.
Reaction: CuSO, (aq) + Zn(s) ——> Zn$O,(aq) + Cu(s)); AH = -217.5 kImol
Apparatus: Polythene bottle, cork with two holes, beakers, thermometer (1/10°), measuring
cylinder, ete.
Chemicals:
inc dust, 0.2 M copper sulphate solution.
Rubber cork
Thermometer
Stirrer
Polythene bottle
-CuSO, solution
and Zn dust
Procedure:
‘Take 2SmL 0.2 M copper sulphate solution in a clean and dry polythene bottle
2. Record its initial temperature (t,°C)
3. Take 1 g of zine dust (powder), add it to the CuSO, solution in polythene bottle and shake
well.
4. Record the maximum (final) temperature of the solution (1,9),
Note:
i. The shaking of the solution til the blue colour of the CuSO, solution
i ne an becomes colourless and
ii, Specific heat capacity of commonly used PET type of polythene bottle can be Irate
1 Nig °C = 1000 kg *C. = 0.25 ca’g ve *
{i 1 the bottie a thin walled, its mass can be noglected if mous of woter inside it is more than
1
iv. If a heavy bottle of different material is used, we need to known and use its Water equivalent Aim: To prepare a pure sample of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (Mohr’s salt).
Theory: Mohr’s salt is one of the important laboratory reagent and used as a reducing agent.
Chemically Mohr’s salt is Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (FA.S.), an example of ‘double salt’.
It is prepared by dissolving an equimolar mixture of hydrated ferrous sulphate (FeSO,.7H,0)
and ammonium sulphate [(NH,),SO,] in acidified water. Mohr’s salt (FeSO, (NH,),SO,6H,0]
crystallize as faint green coloured solid.
Chemical Equation: FeSO,.7H,0 + (NH,),S0, ——> FeSO,(NH,),SO,.6H,0 + H,O
(278) (132) (392)
Apparatus: China dish, beakers, funnel, glass rod, tripod stand, wire gauze, pair of tongs ete.
‘Chemicals: Ammonium sulphate, ferrous sulphate, dilute sulphuric acid, etc.
Diagram:
() Fittration
(&) Heong the solution (©) Monoclinic
Procedure:
1. Weigh accurately 3.5 g ferrous sulphate and 1.5 g ammonium sulphate and transfer into
100 mL beaker, Add about 2-3 mL of dilute sulphuric acid to prevent hydrolysis of ferrous
sulphate.
2. Inanothér'100 mL beaker boil about 20 mL of distilled water. Now add the boiling water to
the contents of first beaker. Stir with a glass rod until the salts are completely dissolved.
3. Filter the hot solution to remove undissolved impurities and transfer the solution (filtrate)
to a china dish, Heat the solution to concentrate up to the point of crystallization and cool it
naturally to get good yield.
4. Filter the crystals to separate the mother liquor.
5. Wash the crystals with alcohol and dry it. The shape of Mohr’s salt crystals is monoclinic.
Observations and Result:
1. Yield of ferrous ammonium sulphate crystal:
2. Colour of ferrous ammonium sulphate crystal s
3. Shape of ferrous ammonium sulphate crystals =... cto hedrad.
Remark and sign of teacher: Select |} the most appropriate answer from given alternatives of cach sub question.
1. The functional group present in acetanilide is
a@oxime b-amide ¢. amino d. ketone
2. Prepartion of acetanilide is known as
GQ nettylation b. ammonolysis
‘¢. alkylation d. peptide formation
3. The colour of acetanilide crystal is
owhite b. blue
4, Shape of the crystals of acetanilide is
a. triclinic
c. yellow dred
b. monoclinic €netdle-shaped —_d. tetragonal
‘S. During prepartion of acetanilide, replacement of hydrogen of aniline takes place by ...
@. hydrogen atom bedieetyl group
‘¢. amino group d. carboxylic group
1. Why acetyl chloride is added ino lot during preparation ?
‘san pu. Cleophilis substitution. of. axamat ¢.. amines
acety).... aesultin... the. Formation
9 ON. substituied...amides
8 dane Aim: Analyse two basic (cation) radicals qualitatively from given inorganic mixture.
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, test tube stand, filter paper etc.
A. Preliminary tests:
Color one
on | ; ate \
van | esting ee
B. Dry Tests for Basic radicals (Test tube must be dry for this test)
1. Heating in a dry test tube:-
Take a small quantity of the
white residue | RIS*, Ba?*, night
which glows | Ca?* | se may
cavity, moisten with a drop of water.
Heat it with blow pipe in a reducing May be present
mixture a clean and in dry test tube |
on heati
and heat it strongly. | ee | be Present
| 2, Charcoal Cavity Test: | aa Ba car
Mixture + Na,CO, solid in 1:2 AD | , ,
2
proportion placed in fresh charcoal breridute | mg, pid
|
Gellow) Dame,
ce
Mixture + NaOH solution & heat: PAaPEY geMain s |
Hold moist turmeric paper near the ail i jg
mouth of the test tube |
|
Prepare a paste of the given mixture NO colour
with cone. HCI on a watch glass. | change
Make a small loop at the end of the |
Platinum wire & dip it in the mixture |
or use glass rod. Heat it on oxidising |
flame (Blue) observe the colour} |
tenes of the flame. |
C. Preparation of original solution (O.S)
‘Take a small quantity of mixture in o beaker add 20 mL of distilled water, stir with a
to dissolve the mixture. If mixture does not dissolve completely then
solution is obtained, which is used as a O.S for further tests. warm it to dissolve. Clear
1. Analysis of Group zero (NH*) 3. C.T. for first detected radical
Apwe Solution + |
1. Few dps of
Nak Y waim |
Abwe solution p39 7
White geladinous
ppt soluble in, |
excess of NaSH] |
ctign Blue Floating mass]
> Blue litmus
+ NHu on cee. | IN Corlourless
ong sides
second detected group
29) ele obtained
GrovP UL white | cleay Solution f 9
AiS* confirmed
3. C.7. for second detected radical
Rowe solution + mA a
lL titan yellow Rose ed ppt Mq?* confimed
r soieion ae ee ee a eed
Above solidion+ | R edal's 1 mg2t
2. Hy poisdite pet asae :
nveagen’
Result:-
[Link] following two: (Basic Radicals)
THe erent ennai cas
1) ALS3 (ame of cation) Alum"
Ccrrvoup VN)
ii) bag (Name of cation) magne sium Aim: To prepare phthalic anhydride.
‘Theory: Phthalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid which on heating loses a water molecule and undergo
cyclisation reaction to form phthalic anhydride.
‘Chemical Reaction: 6
oS Heat se
coon Selisation™ ee
Phthalic acid é
Phthalic anhydride
Apparatus: Evaporating dish, funnel, cotton, tripod stand, wire gauze, pair of tongs, filter paper,
ete
Chemicals: Phthalic acid.
Diagram:
— Cotton plug
Filter paper
China dish.
Phthalic acid
Wire guaze
+— Tripod stand
Bumer
Procedure:
1. Take 2 g of phthalic acid in a dry evaporating dish.
2. Cover the dish with filter paper having number of small holes in the centre
3, Keep an inverted funnel on the filter paper and close nozzle of the funnel with eotton plug,
Place evaporating dish on the tripod stand with wire gauze as shown in above Fig,
4, Now heat the china dish slowly and carefully on low flame,
5. After sometime the acid sublimes and anhydride collects on the inner side of the funnel,
6. Stop heating and remove the funnel carefully with pair of tongs and cool,
7. Collect the crystals of phthalic anhydride on the paper and weigh it.
Result: ‘ a Maia
1. Colour of the crystals = Winnie... Us tous sovih
2. Shape of the crystals = Weedle... aPC
3. Yield of phthalic anhydrid es ree ——————
© Prepare succinic anhydride
Theory: Succinic acid is q dicarboxylic acid which on heating loses a water molecule and undergo
cyclisation reaction to form succinic ‘anhydride,
Chemicals Reaction:
H.¢-COOH | H,G- CO.
us H,COy, S
2E-cooH* TEC a “¢g-0 + 2CH,COOH
H,
: A
uccinic acid Acetie anhydride
Succinic Acetic acid
Chemicals: Succinic acid,
Diagram:
— Cotton plug
Funnel
Filter paper
China dish
Suceinic acid
Wire guaze
+— Tripod stand
Procedure:
1. Take 2 g of suecinic acid in a dry evaporating dish, add |
2. Cover the dish with filter paper having number of small fy
3. Keep an inverted funnel on the filter paper close norvle
evaporating dish on the tripod stand wit!
4. Now heat the china dish slowly and car
5. After sometime the acid sublimes and a
6. Stop heating and remove the funnel cai
7. Collect the niddle shape crystals of st
Result: : a
i Colour of the crystals = Co\o\wless / rate
2. Shape of the crystals = .Weeche shape
3. Yield of succinic anhydrid
ml of acetic anhydride,
oles in the centre.
of the funnel with cotton plug, Place
h wire gauze as shown in above Fig
fully on low flame.
inhydride collects on the inner side of funnel,
irefully with pair of tongs and cool
ccinic anhydride on paper and weigh it, Select [v] the most appropriate
J. The molecular formula of sueci
CHO,
©.C\HO,
da
: oH,
% The by product is formed inthe formetite of succinic anhydride is.
water
e b. acetic acid
©. acetic anhydride 4. succinic acid
Inte acid is —...
4. oxidation
b. reduction
©. hydration
