4.
Mat
eri
alBal
ance
Chemi
calr
eact
ionpl
aysav
italr
olei
nmanuf
act
uri
ngpr
ocessesf
ordesi
gnofchemi
cal
r
eact
ion equi
pment
. The oper
ati
ng condi
ti
on such as pr
essur
e, t
emper
atur
e,
composi
ti
onandf
lowr
atesoft
hest
reamsshoul
dbeknown.Themat
eri
alandener
gy
bal
ancecal
cul
ati
onscamet
other
escueoft
hedesi
gner
sandal
l
ow hi
mtocal
cul
ate
v
ari
ousf
lowr
atesandt
emper
atur
esoft
hest
ream.
Apr
ocessdesi
gnedst
artwi
tht
hedev
elopmentofapr
ocessf
lowsheetorpr
ocessf
low
di
agr
am.Fort
he dev
elopmentofsuch a di
agr
am,mat
eri
aland ener
gy bal
ance
cal
cul
ati
onsar
enecessar
y.Thesemat
eri
albal
ancesf
oll
owt
he“
Lawofconser
vat
ion’
s
ofmassandener
gy”
,accor
dingt
owhi
cht
otalmassofv
ari
ouscompoundr
emai
ns
unchangeddur
ingauni
toper
ati
onorachemi
calr
eact
ion.I
nthi
ssect
ionr
elat
ionshi
p
bet
weendi
ff
erentf
lowofmat
eri
ali
.e.f
edpr
oducti
npr
ocessunderconsi
der
ati
onshal
l
bedet
ermi
ned.Ov
eral
lmat
eri
albal
anceacr
ossmaj
oruni
twi
l
lbeconsi
der
ed.The
mat
eri
alandener
gybal
ancecal
cul
ati
onar
ebasi
ctool
sforpr
ocessdesi
gnwor
ki.
e.
desi
gnofequi
pmentst
artonl
yaf
terphaseassur
ancear
edonet
hemat
eri
albal
ance
cal
cul
ati
on gi
ves i
nfor
mat
ion r
egar
ding mat
eri
alent
eri
ng,l
eav
ing,accumul
ated or
depl
eteddur
inguni
toper
ati
onoruni
tpr
ocess.Theper
for
ati
onoft
heequi
pmentor
f
easi
bil
i
tyofpr
ocesscanbej
udgedont
hebasi
soft
hesecal
cul
ati
ons.Thebasi
soft
he
mat
eri
albal
ancecal
cul
ati
onsl
owofconser
vat
ionofmass.Thel
awofconser
vat
ionof
massst
atest
hatt
het
otalmassofv
ari
ouscomponent
sinv
olv
edr
emai
nsconst
ant
dur
ingauni
toper
ati
onouruni
tpr
ocess.Thus,
foranyuni
toper
ati
onoruni
tpr
ocess.
4.
1:DATA
Feedmi
xtur
ecomposi
ti
on
Sr
.No. Component Mol
e% Mass%
1 n-propane 32.
00 21.
85
2 n-but
ane 20.
00 18.
00
3 n-pentane 18.
00 20.
10
4 n-hexane 30.
00 40.
05
5 Tot al 100.
0 100.
0
FeedFl
owRat
e=1000Kmol
/hr
.
Mat
eri
alFl
owr
ate
Sr
.No. Component Feed Distillate Resi
due
(
kmole/hr)(
kmol e/hr)(
kmol e/
hr)
1 n-propane 320.00 320. 00 0.
000
2 n-but
ane 200.00 198. 0 2.
000
3 n-pentane 180.00 2.00 178.0
4 n-hexane 300.00 0.000 300.0
5 Tot al 1000.0 520. 00 480.00
Mat
eri
alComposi
ti
on
Sr
.No. Component Feed(Mole Dist
il
lat
e Resi
due(Mol
e
%) (Mole%) %)
1 n-propane 32.00 61.54 0.000
2 n-but
ane 20.00 38.08 0.420
3 n-pentane 18.00 0.380 37.08
4 n-hexane 30.00 0.000 62.50
5 Tot al 100.0 100.0 100.0
4.
2:Ov
eral
lMat
eri
alBal
ance
F=D+W
1000=D+W
F=FeedFl
owRat
e
D=Di
sti
ll
ateFl
owRat
e
W=Resi
dueFl
owRat
e
ComponentMat
eri
alBal
anceFormostv
olat
il
ecomponenti
e.Pr
opane
F*XF=D*XD +W*XW
XF=0.
32
XD =0.
6154
XW=0
XF=Mol
efr
act
ionoff
eed
XD=Mol
efr
act
ionofdi
sti
ll
ate
Xw=Mol
efr
act
ionofr
esi
due
1000*
0.32=D*
0.6154+0*
W
320=D*
0.6154
D=320/
0.6154
D=519.
98Kmol
/Hr
1000=D+W =519.
98+W
W =480.
02Kmol
/hr
Di
sti
ll
ateFl
owRat
e=519.
98Kmol
/hr
Bot
tom Fl
owRat
e=48.
002Kmol
/hr
4.3:Cal
cul
ati
onsForI
ndi
vi
dualComponent
sinDi
sti
ll
ateAndResi
due
1.PropaneinD=0. 6154* 519.98=319.
9956Kmol
/hr
2.ButaneinD =0.3808* 519.98=198.008Kmol
/hr
3.PentaneinD=0.0038* 519.98=1.97Kmol/
hr
4. HexaneinD=0.
00* 519.98=0.00Kmol /
hr
Tot
alMol
esofD=319.
98+198.
0083+1.
97+0.
00=519.
98Kmol
/hr
1.PropaneinW=0.00*480.002=0.00Kmol /
hr
2.ButaneinW=0.0042*480.002=2.0160Kmol/hr
3.PentaneinW=0.3708*480.002=177.9847Kmol/hr
4.HexaneinW=0.6250*480.002=300.002Kmol /
hr
Tot
almol
esofW=0.
00+2.
0160+177.
98+300.
002=480.
002Kmol
/hr
4.
4:Mat
eri
alBal
anceCal
cul
ati
onsForLi
qui
dandVapor
sfl
owr
ates:
Ln
R=
D
R=Refl
uxRat i
o
Ln=Li
quidflowrat
einRect
if
yingSect
ion
D=Disti
ll
atefl
owrate
R=Ln/
519.
98
Ln=779.
97Kmol
/hr
Li
qui
dFl
owr
atei
nRect
if
yingSect
ion=777.
97Kmol
/hr
F=Ln+Lm
F=FeedFlowRate
Ln=Li
qui
dflowr
ateinRecti
fyingSect
ion
Lm=Li
qui
df l
owrat
einstr
ippingSecti
on
Lm=1000-779.
97
Lm=220.
03Kmol /
Hr
Li
qui
dfl
owr
atei
nst
ri
ppi
ngSect
ion=220.
03Kmol
/Hr
Ln=Vn+D
Ln=Li
quidflowrat
einRecti
fyi
ngSecti
on
D=Disti
ll
ateFlowRate
Vn=VaporsFlowRateinRecti
fyi
ngSecti
on
Vn=779.
97-
519.
98=259.
99Kmol
/hr
Vapor
sFl
owRat
einRect
if
yingSect
ion=259.
99Kmol
/hr
Vm=W-
Lm
Lm=Li
qui
dfl
owr
atei
nst
ri
ppi
ngSect
ion
W=Resi
dueFl
owRat
e
Vm=Vapor
sFl
owRat
einSt
ri
ppi
ngSect
ion
Vm =480.
002-220.
000
Vm=259.
99Kmol
/hr
Vapor
sFl
owRat
einSt
ri
ppi
ngSect
ion=259.
99Kmol
/hr
