PROF M. RASHID KHAN
MDCAT Unit: MOTION and FORCE
Displacement
Change in position vector/ shortest distance from initial to final position.
dord
For a body moving along semi circular path
of radius r from A to B as shown in Fig
d
For a body moving along curved path dear
from A to B having respectively position \dj=2r A
vectors ry and ry oe
\dj 2
d= Ar = ry —r, (S1unitm)
In case a body moving along closed path
d#0 but d=0
For a body moving along circular path of
radius r from A to A as shown in Fig.
°
Magnitude d of displacement, is called distance.
If body moves along straight path d=|d|_
d
1
jai
If body moves along a curve path d > |d|
d
ia >1
lal Displacement of moving body can be zero
but distance can never be zero. Ad dz—d) *
(Slunit ~ ms~*)
v
Mt -&
Uniform Velocity : Variable Velocity Average Velocity Instantaneous Velocity
Rate of displacement is uniform :Rate of displacement non-uniform: Ratio of total displacement to 4; rate of changing
total time taken. displacement. Or
Ad
Yin = jim ar
t
4 Ratio of total distance to
x the total time taken, is : Sopeof
1
3 %
For ball thrown upward d-t ep
Cera. 0
“
called average speed
, ; tangent =tan0 = jim =
Or on dt gp
St
dhror
=
aeeaees
d+t graph is incline line
Slope of d-t graph =tand=tt =v Slope of the line
b/w two
points on det ep
dt graph is curve of any shape
vt depending upon situation of
motion.
pres
as
vt graph is q
straight line I
to taxis
w
prot Q. A body moves from A to B with speed 40 km h-?
and then return to A again with speed 60 km h-*,
‘What is its average velocity? What its average speed?
PROF M. RASHID KHAN
Q. A body moves from A to B with speed 40 km h-?
‘on straight line and then from B to C with speed 60
km h7? through same distance on same line. What is
its average velocity? What its average speed?
60 80 100 120
What is distance covered by the car?
d= area b/w v-t gp and taxis area of trapezium
(sum of Il sides) (distance of 1 sides)
= $(140 + 80)(20)=2200 m Acceleration
Av _ve—vi oe
Noh (Slunit — ms~*)
Uniform Acceleration . Variable Acceleration. __ Average Acceleration Instant Acceleration
Rate of changing velocity is { Ratio of total change in velocity : |;
Rate of changing velocity is ing rate of changing
uniform. non-uniform to total time taken. velocity. Or
im tim
a>= ae = tim
Tor ain = Ab AE
‘Slope of the line
‘b/w two
points on dt gp
at
v-t graph is incline line
Slope of v-t graph = tanO=—~
, v-t graph is curve of any shape
Sn 4 depending upon situation of
straight line | 22 motion.
to t-axis.
PROF M. RASHID KHAN aq _tan®, tan30°_1/v3_ 1
ap tandy tan60° 3
ap =3.aq
PROF M. RASHID KHAN Equation Of Uniformly Motion
S_ rain +loridge _ 100 50
po Solan tlonage _ 100m+ 50m, 595
150
mx 3600s = 12
v 45000m/3600s 45000 m 45000 m
Equations Of Uniformly Accelerated Motion
For Bodies moving with uniform acceleration ‘a’ For objects falling freely
s tect all v;
vy tat Le)
se Rae Ve=vit at
svt tat feces
pat pa i ez
ba 2gS= ve — ve
if ally cose
if atly
2a? a2 3
s=igt? =}x10x2=10m
s=3a(6- 42)
For objects moving upward freely
atly
x 10(3? — 22) = 25 m
PROF M. RASHID KHAN a Newton’s Laws Of Motion
Firs Law Of Motion second Law Of Motion Third Law Of Motion
Every action has always reaction equal
in magnitude but opposite in direction.
Fea = —Far
‘Velocity of body ever remain constant in
absence of force on it. Or
v= constant ifF=0
ae
It provide definition of force and inertia m
Force: =>F=ma —(Slunit kgm s~2.
It is an agent which changes or try to| This law provide measurement of force.
Net force on body produces an
acceleration in it along its direction that is,
proportional to net force and is inversely
nal to mass of body. Or
ax—
Provide concept of action-reaction pair.
Action: Force exerted by an agency on
environment.
change uniform velocity of the body.
Inerti This law is also known as law of acceleration.
Reaction:
Not only incapability of body to change.
its uniform velocity by itself but also
‘opposes the force which try to do so.
Responding force of,
environment on agency.
This law is also known as law of inertia.
PROF M. RASHID KHAN a Frame Of Reference
System of coordinate axis required to describe a vector completely. Mechanically, a frame of reference is of two types
Inertial Frame Of Reference Non-inertial Frame Of Reference
A frame of reference in which an object obey law of inertia. ‘A frame of reference in which an object do not obey law of
inertia,
A frame of reference either at rest or moving with uniform | Accelerated frame of reference serve as non-inertial frame.
velocity (a=0) serve as inertial frame.
Earth is orbiting around the sun and as well as spinning around its own axis. Due to such complicated
motion earth is accelerated and practically is non inertial frame. But acceleration of the Earth is too small to
be ignored (a ~ 0) and cannot affect any usual dynamical problem on surface of Earth. Thus Earth being
practically non inertial frame behave as inertial frame.
PROF M. RASHID KHAN a Linear Momentum
PROF M. RASHID KHAN
Quantity of linear motion
Avector directed along linear velocity v
Measured by P=mv
Sl unit is kgm s'
‘According to Newton’s second law of motion, rate of
changing momentum of a body is equal to force
applied. Or
=
P-t graph is incline line as shown.
slope of P-tgraph= tang = “Y= F
Impulse
Product of impulsive force and short interval of time, is called
Impulse. It is a vector directed along force and is denoted as |.
or
x At
Slunitis Ns.
From Newton's second law of motion
x At= AP
Impulse is equal to change in momentum
In case of constant force F, F-t graph is straight line parallel to
t-axis as shown,
Fy
t
ea of rectangle
Lxb
=F xt=lor AP
‘Area b/w F-t gp and t-axis Tis)
= AP = Area under F-t gp
my ~ my; = 3(b)(h)
t
4x y-0
v=
Oa)
ms"?
PROF M. RASHID KHAN a Conservation Of Linear Momentum
Total linear momentum of an isolated system of interaction bodies remain conserve.
myvy + mzv2 = mv, + m2vh if Fey =0
= Tauneh
eo: i
= ae)
Fuel-Liquid + Solid O81 80:
ae eae
A
yyy +mzv, =~ myv{ + mvs
M(0) + m(0) = -MV + mv
o=-MV+mv .
PROF M. RASHID KHAN Collision
Interaction of bodies when they strike each other, is called collision.
Collisions are of two types.
Elastic Collision
Collision in which conservation of K.E
holds.
z 4, @
z
z i
ie
5
g
ce vi vy
= i
e
2
z
oot
drmyef + Emax = Fol! + Sm
But this is an ideal case, because no
collision could be perfectly elastic
practically. Practically, fraction of KE
before collision is lost as Sound, Heat,
Work done in deformation, etc during
impact.
Velocities of m, and m2 after their elastic
collision are respectively
a eta eae (2
20 \m, + m2)?
Cases Of Elastic Collision In One Dimension
1 Inelastic Collision
Colsion in which conservation of K.E does | Ye
not hold.
1
1
fmf +4mavd + dm,v(? + dmavl? ee
Hee oot vive
iGmive + 5mavF) > Gave + 5mavi) wen,
However, in inelastic collision law of
conservation of K.£ does not hold but
conservation of total energy holds good.
may + 2m} = tmyvl? + 2mav/2sound + heats vz20 +
(Case(iii): When m, >> nate 0
| In case of elastic collision %
1
Yi= V2 = ~(V{-¥5) che oe
Velocity of approach is equal and opposite ae vey vam
to velocity of separation. vee 24 * & Projectile Motion PROF M. RASHID KHAN
‘Two dimensional motion of a body under influence of gravity, as shown in Fig,
At highest point v, P and K.E are minimum, given as
v= Vix = vjcos®
P= Px = cost)
K.E = KE}, = KE\cos?6
@ decreases
from lower to
highest point.
Angle between
voand sg
decreases all
along projectile
motion.
Trajectory of projectile is parabolic for short range and el
ct
for long range.
At highest point By eae
vis PLE t urms0 F, =ma,
mg=ma,
= ay= g= uniform
Vertical part of projectile motion is uniformly accelerated
vertically downward at every instant.
‘erties | Gameteeent Ok salle e Gisicc uc osratand ae
uniform
{orizontal part of projectile motion is uniform
——— mis I>
tand
PROF M. RASHID KHAN
ForR=Rmax O=45°
R,
—Potanas?
From Eq. (1)
vsin2@ = 2gh
(4)
From Eq. (2)
©)
Comparing Eq.(4) & Eq.(5)
“pe
a
8h= gt?
