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90 views26 pagesAnalog and Digital Electronics-Part-1
Uploaded by
prasanta kumar ParidaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ne
Tntwoduchon to Araby & Digtiod
elections Cis ts 2—
what A Electworics 2
5% ih the branch of stence rou Aechnoleyy which deals
vith tre vation Pelacrong §n avira Aytems OF devices ,
wy Eledtois Iinclades dewien Ving diades trancisteas veokfters, fe
ty Were devices many dyphems wie AResenty
the Weld an amazing by these very Very i
winch ome emboeded an to dhe Aydems CUM altos, computers ete)
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i) sre cleo *7F electromes that handle degitet Agel
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al ep Ragin retedaen,
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ave pars) bina
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Areas nafighte prvev
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6
Fundamentab 4 ert:
Po avetaee Arey Roe.
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amplifier, as an aseillater on! 4. oO 2
" sll
> BIT ie bipolag be ome both Males (4) & al ect70m4 (D Ke
port in the cusvent Flay thrrgh tre device,
= Netype -rafems taninin’s ree lesbo Codgte Acne?)
= p-ryre Fam canbmina free holes ( positive carrieas)
> From the physical Atendnre 297 com bevdiided sear 32
Geren onal weap pronasiters
Meise 14 one | PO juncten,
—9n BIT ture ave a-ayers 4 2 pA yonclens
Callectev(N) Cellecked P) eet’) P,
(P) Brey (w)Base acunem
Eomithe Ii oa
matfeo(W) ee
Note: arims divechon from cca, P
PN Chine diode) E(emtttes)
E
er ©prp
a eee
Basic optanteon Tranatster
Ahee ore aoe operatioaws +
Mede E-B Junctten Aopen
—Saboraten Perea aoe
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cutoff Reverse
Reverse fe sgh
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aw aomplifoer,
eS semaiad
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_Twanaister _Confegynrakton | -
ily uliieh moze ius
Steele Are ee
ie Bon angst onel mip eoelse Camas
eres dsfferent configrertion,
4. Common bese Con fege ection
2. Wmman emmbtes
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a commen
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Basic Coren : a
Basic cireit — Common emitter commen Gilets — Common base
Iasgh Len Hen wnikey
omederte
3) Poser grin — high rnodemcte
h No a
4) ?
) rea Yes
Jed = 50—
5) Tp eee wy SK hghut ~ sets
Tonpedente +6 ple oer, nm
$) ontpnt — __ madombe = OK an =
Dopeden te
Led lime
conobdered,
Neckoy curyent 44
Ses
SOM Geet RO ane
thd potcd will be present on te VO“% tue 14 nothing: bot ~
ely pi TH Yolne op emia tle, leein emitier verge
Pe cas CAO re Cobefp pet. then a Bre ia Araon joringe
thse pails poch a Line an Clled & Lond Sane. ze) a yee
e BV, ,Wolts)
at off ° t 7G" (volt
By (Fenster Poly eee
- Vesta gs =?
Veg =Vee
> When Jed Line dracon over tre cubput charachertebes
cusve , Pag contact at a point Galled Cperatrg pein ow
quiescent pict o pimply Q- perk Thee om be Yaar oth anterneskingy
parle, bot the Q- pant to ae Ae weet tea * te Atal oot
Eien, ae ba ong that Frmeapectne oy NE geen,
when the teommister tn given He te and ro Aignl i appld
Aas inp the Lead Ure dean undey puch CrSitons, can toe
Dy thoy eaduteg. Heme, Pere will be me ampheficatinn 4 the
Aya % aboserk .
othe spending, et Bred st miata a se
Arie to adlsteve fost ful daonglsRicaHion, Hence ead)
oe jie falhbed op feoctem an achteved Yo
Aylin of BIT 2
— Diserche- caret dest gms
—tn ccc ests ates
— Nigh Frepeney- application auch a wrod re only,
a Ddigitl etre
— Ps- CMOS
( Drpela + cmos) Crews Hut Combines the ada gf
MoseeT and bipolar Werststys , MosreT + high smpnt Aovpeclam ce &
Jion-powts. Briel’ tenmiatevs 2 hgh Freire & bigh- ewrredt.
eh Copel ies « Bini g BIT:
3 The orelyis ov lens
sleitomie ont fer eae hee
fon compere +0) The de poston
Silbten at pa i;
3 During the
ing Hoe dang ngs, ea Hemel | we Sorel g-
cn tf paremehirs for the vegai ert eet sede
rE of
de Yevdy wilt affects the ac extemal eneryy AOL ee
dneresnse 49 AC yoltye, ure Oo
wel ts He vemlt J @ Moe her F energy
Rporde.
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Thy poocen f select pre de Jeotey volrages and Westar
an Cited
in Cat denra “operat poi or pat
Perron CVO Use Sor teampister biastn mclS,
t
as biesing caval
ees rate Sey ES
— to tn tHe device “on
— +o plac a 77 operation 4 the mim fie cha mcbesaics
ulure the denice opente mesh Ineacdg » 4 fo nek Mp the
anit de values Ff To Te & Vee - t
ake
by 4 fran stoy ao tet
| act are Fer edits te be
| as a Raidifl anatFiccton 2
(2) Emilee base unetion al bate Regier biace? Vpez oY A.
ony fn Ge
Sx al) lure 4 anh pial
and eafledrr DAE Hyun chon wt be oevenae pieses 7
Og, liege Bholl not fell bled Veg Gat) (o3v fa Ay tv for Ge )
feo. pak of ae Mpa Ara For Veg Sem then Vong S He
dese Junchm ja nok fee Beiisc ubesone
Bn an appet Ahold
On Value af tre Atgral T, ute me ic ok arm
be nt Lee 2quel do eg rectum Heder
alone. j
A) Masimurr veing of the Reonsistey Teeny , Vee bons), P (ren)
not be excetled at ol ele f opt Aigrede
> Even thagh te Qepait in oud propel, ein sep stan
4 enmre Hak the operakoge bart verainas Hathe etture Ab 14 Odginally,
Freed. of the Qepeink staid, the oobpuk voltege eo trent gat
Sameer s “yon MobeAbed,
3 F pracice , the Q> pont Jen to Abate te positen doe te any
ov alk af th, fallmsing Heer eon feels
QA) Reverse patundim current, Teo tach doubles for every
Ao’c Yaise in Rernperatore.
(2) Bese etter alte, Vbe_ winch dion
Age “p wach dnevenes with Am pembre:
Bhadd
2-cOV per &
3) Tranttster current ”,
@ pay ~
renk bee welcktmnsbith +
= ofva = si. 1 bem
Vee = oF Vit Tp Gt) teas P
Different Phating Credits
@ Fixed Prins ( bere bias)
@ Voltage dividey Wor ( self bows ) @ de bes with volage Feats
@ Emitter bis Fixed Byes (re bias 5)
® oo
o the pen pleat feonpistey de bios Confrgprbekion
ate de analysia open all the el
coon this eemple the Meter er oe ga ate
Ye epakios andl ahideN, oF wally a Bae
ery feanaiatey Com Requredion ba changing al
we eee poli tes
a> fr te de amadans Pevaie /& i genre.
(Gra all copacrtesh )
dys bee eonttes
35 the Selecken 4a bese
Es ae de ee ales ted F
ork fev the opeley
abe CueT
pant» 4
Collertey Emitter Sump :—
Me Perens the
CHecter curvert ee
Cheng Lev walt
nae Bor, i bpd 4 a ohlod + ae a
dhe active “otal f He device
ni
‘ta Kiv chal? volinge en re ae a
He india clesed collechrr- confer se
an
aren:
Reetate avec >
Baie evel FF Re WAN deterring
we Knar>
Fh tan Wwe, Ve =0v Nee = Vp
ae
be mythic A Me. Desrgn ard _tmalyna +
Given -Te Te Vee & Vee
eons
Pertgn He
bhinned by er taras
Loops.
Transtar Seluratten 7
Wun the teanmistes 14
pan terran Te Mey
Vic 07 Veg es
an a Fixe ros
Verificaken :
= beneves 0 Fired
value § a dbteine eanle 5
ele
Bieta uk (= Vee| Ae)
an in active aa
dy on veh TH.
Given te vest valves C
1 Nee
values FF Re Re vbr
viered arch that Te
o, te frame 44
Gn arma fe be
cer wt f
Jovoy arr
+o unde spond wane Pee,
Teg = Tesak/p,
Ligh proth tet TR. bop
ie ee ea
the equation
Kv tpn & oop
Nee , Re & Re)
aa very Tigh
in abnet
pork t be
ov.
on. ater tie
verified Usth the aut
Me dennatater
a mn ee ee
ae
SH in Angle by Mute He ope
onnehere
raking point
fn He che FA by ae the,
base Bester (Re),
A very Amal numben °
f components ore
mequived
Demerth +
Seika Gihlestey chatents hoes mor rem Conteh
Uh Vevinten An temperntwre oF pence tpl valle
Therefore the pernking pint 14 unatalde.
—> Whin He tromaistrr 76 7eple
cel wih arotuy One ,
Unfpicerble chav
an the value #F Pp an a
eccpected, Pvt tp thas change He operating, pad
Batt «
aahtor
@® Pefesmine the Pana Pog the Fixed - bla conbrayn
Pe ipresn on He figure.
y, & Vee
qa) Taq Teg OW Veg © Ve Ve
Veg = t12-volf-
Nofe !
es Reade Veg = ort volt (Soh cn)
: poe Veg 4,4 ( a2 KA
YO Veg = Vee TeRe = tave (2-6 mA) arAKA)
be ga
© Ve= Vee = O-FV
@ Voc =Vo-Ve = FV — So B8v
wth ve Ayn reveding Hood ie )
Hamel, os tt Mhodd “be fox Pan tae
unten tA wivesped-
cong fecodéon ie
Emi Hex Bias Con feg isso 00) a
Vee
Vee 2;
Ve =
* Re
Ee Vo
vy a
y x). i
4h t Ve =
a= toy: De equivalent
ig PR in very pormiler fo Lined
Pigs BIT bens cireuft eter chvonsE ait ncen tae
vdth emitter emater cotter ddd to
| Thfo de a carters 9 emitter wertator
|e ae as on oA cel.
to improve tHe Stelet hy Reve orev dak of Fe ah
eanfegeenbion , He Lem rts ee
val Oh de te uresfrecble. change in Fenpee tie
oo poreonckey vatiokons .
pure enitier Laps
oily
xarchoff» volhags aa
arom He
gn the Cletus pst
rreimlty Pelosieg a”
+Vcc Take Vee Te¥e
| Te-(ptt) te
aeniet Te in
(ptt) Te RE =?
so —O
4Vee— TeRe — Yee” o
> —, (Pot Pie) Vee NFO
6
Te( Petree) = ecm Yee
Ee
Aecting Fw Tyres R= pate Ke
Re feta anpoer
Crear) | gir ote
cathe omibler veintre, uituch an past F fae Colleeter - emilee
Lory, eppear a (ptt) Re in tye base eri Hew Jerp.
Bee pO Ait, 50 or mere » fre ertller wetter
Appess t be a great sah Janes 4m
arpyeys Kivchhoff 2 volh
bails f
We ease Arent,
Collector - emtiler heap
+3eRe +Veg Payee ec
eiiinee se ey Hh
ines (Rte)
de pe ce tre)
here Ve ee We fem
conftgurcton «
te voltage diver
jor) Boma Ae any voltage «divider embgnot)
@ fxat ome
@ uppexinrate snattl Cappiod only AF spon fee condstors
oh pe, Grek amvbysts ely aS
Hime emery.
alk, "Ager
> The Thernin on
pousce 7 replaced
The ele
by 5 that perth ital ag
Re Rak = Rallfie
Redvee
ete = Ven = Ry tRe
cen chroot Srthevent 0 )
a oe ES ee Le
Bite Toe coy
yy 2 nts yarech heff 6
ie on te a
aed foe ep
~The =o
iy Inkerkng tre Ate oe
¢ Wenbn. equivalent fetta ge = Pie
Grunt
qnckiten gf He oa
an, leven mee
One Ty is ene, Pe pecacan
Can Je Pe in the Aare Yranne
Her vias mii gerendion , That 74
Bod
Platt
The ape) equations dor Ve, Ve Bia
Pe one te so Naan a>
Seiperrincte bey *
Sa SE
Note. > vnosh widely used ondhed
BF tas Ree NE gre PED aE Nes
ond volingy fect Re pride fixed bias ee Ve at
A geass, bese,
3 fee a sessstane Ke ig
ye peered, tliension
weiter KEK, the aperctry
pot gf rence cn) Fe 2 Ona independent F je”
include) 40 fever wth He ee
Appoints Analysis
fy: pastel ies geek Vor
aypresvnate
col elastiogy the
veltest Ve.
base
oem ter five st | ct bebe
7 :
Her vesisher
per
Aan the woisteme Ro the
Py, uch Vargas
ee as ise oe" Genter thom Ta C oaeed 7
eam . ; mn te ees vl ke aippresionately
ae by
hh Aree len onerdialiy
ee ae
oe compere b
be cemntdered Kens
T ta. as tn
Re, wtich 7A ®
> te veltege across
ite voltage —tivicle ole +
Babe pieiee rte
heb 4 Rz Vee
ee aiedeten,
Ry the re a
Be pan =P es
Aippoomimate appronch cam te “ a “yt
ti, | pee 7% $2Ke)
ae fest 1p Homes
af pms te vine of RE
AOD apa
ever OR, ke OI © el
apie, mado a high oleyree # RENE Ne
Ona Vp is determined, the Joret Papen SF ‘es
Glrkda da Ve = Vo- “ee
) The emitter convent em he dates mind fo
| ie= MK eg Te.
The — Coltertor —4e-eerrttes vo ltoge ty datesmind by
econ Te Re — Te Re
| Binet & Te
Vi ee aie (Re +Re)
Note aoe
ae Q- yok Teg * Veeg al | cepon dink i?
He Vale FP
the bare,
B85 cruit eLoymitien — The Volts divider an
crust
> pelven he Uredt Qepant Valuer art Preble
nr are in the Cp),
~ Dinadwantage — TeAnyes pre
Other- Bn cores
ei Vaneer amen.
BS Appin — we privrant
Components Yan 70 RS es oe er ae ee es ee
® Dafesrine heel cere velige “Vee pnd the =
ae
fre Me vole divider “Cm frgnratt on
pes te
a ure by ex rch & appsinionahe aN
a mn BAK Sta
yo Se ci
ein = RrVRe ee ah
pm
es 2.) re Veg p=440
BAK + 39K se i
oe
= 2-55 Kn 4 a
ee = SI
atRo BqK A+ 2-9 K2 rune
Te-= En- Vee
Sates ay ora ee
Ry FORE Sonke +444) GSK)
a = 605 )iA
Goes Kae + Ath KA
Te = pre = 440 ie te A) ae eae
vee ike CR +fe)
(a0Km + Sk)
Nee
eo ( os )
Wy gpa (12-22 Val
aoe
nao): Wes ka) % pS oa
@ pape BAK 2— ¢ sabistrest \
a
= head GPP a
Ro Vec
Ve, aert
Rat Re Bar +3-9KR
bey ame
Note td He Suveh vy» Ae a
and
an petty een ghee aa
“he pm any cdifereme ae
Cpproximater — techrrques 4s We effet of or uy
the enack Bence dit Aeparata Eth .
Ve =Vo-VYae = 2% 7 oav = i3v
ae Ee oar
= alae
ian’ aay eee iste ;
( compar cb ossmf with the execk omalyrts )
Veegq = Vee“ CR +Re)
22v— € 0-g67m*) ‘(Cdoww + 1-5 kA.)
=19-03 volt
%.4aV
an exack analysts )
= RQav —-
( lompard fo 12-22V clotrined ( Colledtoy Feedba bsas) :
p-€ bias with voltage Reedbac +/
a «
— The Metesbhy af Peedlbain cart Gn be Axper
a ae: a Peak bron yh Pon Collectry 0
e-
a
— At the Qpant da rok Sorat andepen en
CMe (i o)p he Aenea tno aor aie a
beta oy terpenbwre Variahows fy rove lly Den
dian encore For Hee Pixed bts ov
errthtes— lime? configurations
— the analysts voll a oe perf 2d yp
Host ona Mes He base— orviter Lowp Lith
dhe wells pplrcrs to the Collectn-— errsKow exp,
eee et — =e : oy Teed enon weiter
= Tre base wenestr Mee CormectDd
a Cat we caysitm 5
ye Abe: eotee oO) alee Colletar ‘female
of fsanssted .
5 fdvantog, — A Aerle re ubth velchvely Mable
He ay characters spies
| Dip advank ase - Rastively pr a6.
7 Poppi tion — used yoimanity te bias nec
comps frees
Ferdbarn
; i ve
> Ts. Contiquiatin ot ec soa
revert Heermnl van ann
pain, ea
= 0 ete saying 2 Ms Vane» wrenistey Re Re
7 Gn) wie Cillettey » Guibend of connecting
ip to te De fowe ee Tey, Collector Feadbnen comfequeition
CRe prides te eer Feedba) |
Lp a NG is”)
> rile KVL fe baac- omtttey
Meet eo Re Vaca Sete
ote
Bam atbdns T= pIg=L & ne =
tg Paty, ty Rape A I oy
Vee ~ B38 —T Re —Vee =a ee Tl & Tg bferende
1p ee
eee
i aa Set bf)
thm Ty
Nea se = pS (Grae ig ee
ae
ie eer Vee
ket pCR tFe)
The
Ao ti
civ et
feedb acm ph melts
de qeustences RL’ bem He ae
Di mae a oe oo ee
Seq = ple ——@
= -( so Nee ~ ee ) |
Re + pC Re the)
(
ey a) ey ae
caesar — emites Leap *
© 7
De Re Vee. + + Tete — Vee
pac iaa yee & eH ee cc.
we lwe ie
Te Cette) Vee ~ Vee"
eee]
os per erbtter bhas &
aise divider ler
by ser es
@ Defesrhne
dy the eto on 7H eae
afin
SpicuMcc glee
Bid eee
a ; Re t pC Ret fe)
: ao spall 08 ear
10 pa ie poker + Gour one tek)
(nae a9 edie |
Aen |
ed (ea HOD |
po Ete) Ree kA eee
aa
