MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS AVERAGE AA farmer has seven hectares of land for rice production. What should be the average yield in cavans per hectare of the land to produce a total of 525 cavans? 1,50 275 3.85 4,90 592 Mrs, Dizon’s 33 acres of sugar beefs yielded 495 bushels. What was the average yield per acre? Lis 214 3.13 4.12 5-none ofthese ‘A certain elevator has a maximum weight capacity of 1, 300 Ibs, If 5 employees with an average weight of 120 Ibs centered the elevator with a box weighing 250 Ibs. How much is the additional weight that the elevator can still carry? 1,450 2.350 3.425 4,550 5,500 ‘Three boys weigh 55 kilos, 45 kilos and 51 kilos, respectively. What must be the weight ofthe 4" boy if the average ‘weight of the following boys is to be 52 kilos? 1.58 2.57 3.54 4.52 5. none of this NUMBER EXPRESSION Five increased by x is ten can be expressed as: 15x4x=10 2.x+10=5x 3.1045x=10 45+x=10 5.noneof these ‘The sum of 3 numbers is 94, if the first number is 3/5 of the second number and the second number is 4/3 of the third. What are the three numbers? 1.20, 44,30 2.15,40,35 3.24,40,30 4. 24,3035 5.22, 42,30 'SPEED/VELOCITY/DISTANCE ‘Two planes travel from opposite direction. Plane A travel 70 kph from one direction and Plane B travel from opposite direction atte rate of 90 kph. If the distance is 640 km, In how many hours will the two planes intersect? i 23 3.5 42 5.412 There are two planes flying in two directions. One is flying for East direction with the rate of 300kph and other is for West direction withthe rate of 360 kph. In how many minutes will they meet if they are 660 km apart? 1. 60 min. 2.90 min 3. 150 min. 4,120 min 5, 100 min PERCENTAGE/ANCREASE/DECREASE ‘A folding bed on a sale has been marked P84.00. If this price is 30% less than the original price. For how much was the bed previously selling? 1. P109.20 2. P112.00 3. P120.00 4, P148.00 5. None Basketball team lost 40% of its first 40 games, how many of its remaining 20 games must it win to raise its winning percentage to 65% 115 2.16 3.20 412 S14 RATIO/PROPORTION ‘There are 30 boys in a clas. Ifthe ration of the boys to girs is 3:5, how many girls are in the class? 1.35 2.45 3.35 4.55 5. None Iftwelve men can assemble 5 cars in a week, how many men are needed to assemble 15 cars in a week? 12 2.36 3.33 443 5. None PRICE/COST ‘Three tickets of musical concert cost P741. How much does a dozen of tickets cost? 1,P2,469 —-2.P2,964 3.4, 325 4.P2,946 5, P3,269 ‘A man bought ten ball pens at P25.00 each and five wallets at PSO.00 each and the last is cach. What is the smallest amount of money so he can buy ll the items? 1, P650.00 2. P750.00 3. P850,00 4, P700.00 5, 800,00B ‘The merchandiser bought 55 copies of books cost P3, 300,00 and add six copies more. How much should he pay Lia! all the books? hae 1.P3,380.00 2.P3,66000 3,3,310.00 4. P3,360.00 5. P3, 250 to wash clothes but now with ‘A Laundry women bought a washing machine cost P 1350. Before, it cost her the washing machine, it cost her P160 in washing clothes. In how many months that she has to pay her washing, ‘machine from her savings? 1s 2.18 3.20 4.24 5.16 Mr. Perez. bought a P5,000.00 refrigerator on installment basis. He paid 25% as down payment. How much will he be paying monthly for 12 months? 1. P300.00 2. P312,50 3. P315.00 4, P350.50 5. None. AREA/PERIMETER The length of rectangular lot is one less than twice its width. Ifthe perimeter is 16cm., what is the width of the lot in centimeter? 11 2.3 3.5 42 34 ‘The width of a rectangular lot is X meters and its length is 5 meters more than its width. If its dimensions are decreased by 2 meters, then its area will decrease by 1.4sqm 2.4xt6sq.m 3.x2+(x-6)sqm 4.2x-3sqm 5. none of these OTHERS/MISCELLANEOUS If four books of equal thickness placed one of top of the other reach a height of 19 em, How many c is each of the book? a0 2.45 3.4.25 4475 5. none of these Which of the following is equal to 1? 1.1/0 2.0/0 3.0/1 4.01 5. none of these14 GRAMMAR AND CORRECT USAGE RULES IN SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT. Rule 1: Singular nouns (usually without s) take singular verbs (usually with s). Plural nouns (usually with s) take plural verbs (usually without s). Note: The nouns “I” and “you” always take a plural verb. ‘The bee buzzes every night. (One bee = singular verb) ‘The bees buzz every night. (More than one bee The stamps stick, Time flies so fast. Leat alot ‘You are so beautiful Rule 2: Compound subjects or subjects joined by and take a plu My father and my brother visit me every year ‘The boy and the gir ae in love with each other. Rule 3: The conjunction ‘or’ does not conjoin like ‘and.’ When you use or, the verb takes the number of the closest subject. Your father or his sisters are going to take care of Anna. ‘Your sisters or your father is going to take care of Anna, Rule 4: When the subject words are joined by either agrees with the subject closest to it. or, neither .. . nor, or not only ... but , the verb Either her friend or her mother has the money. Neither her uncle nor her aunts have the money. Rule 5: The indefinite pronouns ao one, anyone, everyone, someone, anybody, everybody, somebody, and nobody are always singular. They take singular verbs. ‘No one is above the law. Everyone was happy. Rule 6: When word groups or modifiers separate the subject and the verb, locate the subject word to determine whether to use a singular or plural verb. The flowers in the pot on the balcony need watering, Amapple a day keeps the doctor away. Rule 7: Phrases starting with the following words are normally not part of the subject: along with, together with, accompanied by, in addition to, as well as, except, with, no less than. Risa, together with her friends, goes to a party every weekend. Dana and Gemma, together with their father, go to church every weekend. Rule 8: Modifiers between the subject and the verb does not affect the number of the subject. Jason, who is a father of four, is currently suffering liver cancer. Mou who is a cousin of Anton and Lilly, tops his class for 3" grading period. Rule 9. The pronouns who, which, and that which is the subject of the verb in the middle of the sentence become singular or plural according to the noun directly in front of them. Mahogany is one of the trees which are commonly used for building houses Mary is a student who submits projects promptly Rule 10: Periods of time take singular verb. Four months was allotted for the training, Forty-eight hours is given for her for her to explain.s @ \gular or plural depending on the context and Rica's family plans to go on a vacation this summer. The staff have gone their separate ways after the meeting in the first sentence, the family isa collective noun and functions as one group. In the second sentence, the staff refers to the persons individually Rule 12: Uncountable nouns or nouns that can’t be counted takes singular verbs. ‘Too much sugar was put in this coffee. Money is the root of all evils.” ‘There are words that end in s that are always considered as singular. ‘The news about her death is spreading very fast. Mathematics is a very difficult subject. Diabetes is not a curable disease. Rule 14: Fractional expressions ‘half of, ‘part of ‘portion of may take singular or plural verbs depending on the context. Half of the audience are asleep because of his boring speech. A portion of his wealth was donated to cancer patients One-third of the voters favor Mar Roxas for the presidency. |ninverted sentences especially those that use here and there, the subject follows the verb. Here are the towels, ‘A good snack is a salad. Rule 13: Rule 15: Practice Test 1 Subject-Verb Agreement My brother or my sister are arriving tomorrow. Neither Ella nor her friends is available to assist you. Ammand, together with his friends, are going on a camping trip tomorrow. Jim and Mike are going to take the Subprofessional Civil Service Examination next month, Each of the boys play piano well. Neither of them are available to meet you at the airport. Ten years are such a long time to wait my love. Five thousand pesos are a high price to pay for a single T-shirt, Fifty percent of the cake have disappeared after just two minutes, 10. Everybody is happy about the result of the examination 11. One-tenth of the people in this city are unemployed. 12, He is one of the men who does the work without complaining, 13. The team are going to practice tomorrow for the final competition per awe ene 14. The committee are in disagreement whether to use the fund in a feeding program or donate hospital, Bi 15. Nina, as well as his brother and sister, is attending a birthday party.COMMON ERRORS: 1, Subject-Verb Agreement A plan of compensation provide for different types of payment on the various kind of jobs done by the employees, NO ERROR. 2. Verb Tenses Wewere scold by ourteacher yesterday because we did not participate in the class discussion actively. NO ERROR 3. Spelling A concemed citizen cannot help but express pity to see greeving Filipinos before the embassy eta visa for entrance to the United States. NO ERROR 4. Capitalization The writof mandamus _isissued by a superior court to.a court of lower rank ‘So that the later can perform the former’s job order as expected. NO ERROR 5. Pronouns/Pronoun substitute The children are joining his parents to the province for a vacation. NO ERROR 6. Plurals ‘The plane gently landed upon the airport after flying for ten hour. NO ERROR 7. Plural in compound word Many mother-in-laws donot see eye-to-eye with their daughters-in-law because of selfishness and self-centeredness. NO ERROR 8, Plural in the use of “one of the” phrase “Make haste slowly” is one of the old saying which has guided him whenever he makes an important decision, NO ERROR 9. Redundancy Based on political records, Senator Maria is more better than Senator Pedro, NO ERROR 10. Context/Adverb ‘The Pacquiao brothers are boxers and they were bad injured inthe fight yesterday, NO ERROR. 11. Tag Question/Contractions Itwill rain tomorrow moming, will it? NO ERROR 12. Consistency The teacher has given special emphasis to the ideas of expressing self-leadership through seeking out the natural rewards in work, and to influence one’s own pattem of thinking. NO ERROR 13, Filipino/Tagalog Terms Ng-Nang/Si-Sina/Ni-Nina/Ika-apat, Ikalima/Labinlima-Labimpito Gabina nang madaling araw nang dumating ang bus sa terminal, NO ERROR 1617 ACTUAL PAST CIVIL SERVICE EXAM: Errors/Grammar 1. A three-act play vel id; a total of two hundred pages of poem ve dramutis rnaraie is also required of everyone. NO ERROR 2. Accuracy of movement, ike accuracy of words, are essential to the success of magical rites. NO ERROR 3. anybody objects, Jet them think of abetter scheme rather than make fun of the proposed plan, NO ERROR 4 tn this modem age of today. most people are too highly educated to believe in superstitions, NO ERROR 5. College teaches us to form opinions by the result of careful thought. NO ERROR. 6. Leamers set goals as motivation for learning, and their successes or failures in achieving these goals determine how he sets his future goals. NO ERROR 7. The Labor Secretary will meet representatives of the entertainment industry tomorrow to discuss Jems affecting the w« conditions| of Filipino workers abroad. NO ERROR 8. Some people are simply too opportunities to take astand on controversial issues, NO ERROR 9. We were discussing about political issues so her remarks about clothes and fashion were completely beside the point, NO ERROR 10. The best consultants are those who can suggest or apply an array of methods aim at helping their clients understand a situation, diagnose it, and act accordingly under a given situation, NO ERROR 11, Wewere touch by his generosity _ when he obviously could ill afford to be so generous. NOERROR 12. This is just one approach to aselection system and there are many ‘fiom whom to choose, NO ERROR 15. Maaaring umabot sa sandaang taon ang buhay ng isang tao kung gugustuhin at susundan lamang ang mga positibong saloobin, NO ERROR 14, Luse to take ashort siesta every afternoon _ after lunch. NO ERROR. 15. The success of aleader lays not only on the leader's ability to influence people, ‘but also in the sincerity of the purpose that he desires to achieve. NO ERRORCOMMON TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS 1. Age Relationship: Man : Boy Calf: Cow *** Different terms used for different ages of same type, say “boy’ isthe offspring ofa ‘man’ 2. Antonymous Relationship: Save : Kill Kind: Cruel *** Opposite in meaning, 3. Association Relation: Ammeter ; Current ‘Thermometer : Temperature ‘*** Ammeter is related to current (measures it ) similar toa ‘Thermometer measuring temperature 4. Blood / Family Relationship: Brother : Sister Father : Mother *** Here, we have a corresponding relation at the same level ‘5S. Cause and Effect Relationship or Event Aftermath Relationship: ‘Taunt : Unpleasantness Dirt : Disease *** The second is a reaction that occurs due tothe first 6. Worker : Tool Cobbler : Awl Blacksmith : Anvil ‘**® Worker and the tool he specializes in using *+** Examples used while making ‘comparisons of colors and Properties 8. Classification Relationship Crocodile : Reptile Hammer: Tool Car: Vehicle Water : Liquid **** Biological // Physical / Chemical Classification 9. Degree of Differen Tepid : Hot ‘Admiration : Obsession ***Have same meaning but Relationship difference is of shade degree or intensity only. 10. Finished Product - Raw Material Relationship Rubber : Latex Oil: Seed Linen : Flax *** First parts the raw material for the second one 12, Habit Relationship Tiger : Camivorous Buffalo : Herbivorous *** Food habit relationship 13, Whole and part Bicycle : Paddle Boat: Sail Explanation: One is a part of the other. 14, Location Relationship Lotus Temple : Delhi Jaipur : Rajasthan +*4* First part is located in the other. 15. Numerical Relationship 3:27 52125 #27 is cube of 3, similarly 125 is the cube of 5, It can be other functions such as addition ‘multiplication, division, subtraction, 16. Purpose Relationship Peneil: Write Eraser : Rub *** The second term is the work ofthe first term 17. Qualitative Relationship: Kilometre : Metre Litre : Centilitre *** Can be classified under other ‘categories as well as properties 18 18, Sex Relationship Boy : Girl Nephew : Niece Gentleman : Lady ***Corresponding relations 19, Specialist - Subject Area Cardiologist : Heart Ophthalmologist : Eye ***The area of specialization 20, Study Relationship: Botany : Plants Cytology : Cells +The area ofthe subject 21. Synonymous Relationship: Solicit : Request Fallacy : Illusion ***Words similar in meaning or similar shade of meaning 22. Time Sequence : Dawn : Dusk Evening : Moming ***One comes after the other Relationship 23. Tool : Object : Scissors : Cloth Knife: Meat ‘**+Instrument used on medium 24, Instrument and Utility: Truck : Transport Sofa : Sitting ***The Item and its purpose 25, Worker : Article Cobbler : Shoe Carpenter : Table ***The produce of the workerEXAMPLES OF IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS A.Quantity and Unit: 1. Beauty - Helena 2. Angle ~ Radians/Degrees 3. Water depth - Fathom 4. Area - Acres, Hectares 5. Ship speed - Knots 6. Precious stones - Carat 7. Work - Joule 8. Earthquake - Richter 9. Power - Watt. 10. Force - Newton 11. Volume - Litres 12. Luminosity - Candela 13. Interstellar distance - Light years 14, Radiation - Roentgen 15. Electric current - Ampere 16, Sound - Decibel 17. Mass - Kilogram, pound 18, Temperature - Degree 19, Potential - Volt 20, Magnetic field - Oersted 21. Frequency - Hertz 22. Electric resistance - Ohm 23. Energy - Joules 24. Length of light waves - Angstrom 25. Pressure - Pascal 26. Rainfall - Centimetres B.Animal and Young ones:- 1. Ass Foal 2. Bear/Lion/Tiger/Wol - Cub 3. Butterfly - Caterpillar 4. Cat - Kitten 5. Cow/Bull/Ox - Calf 6. Duck - Duckling 7. Chicken-Chick 8. Horse/Stallion/Mare - Pony, filly, colt, foal 9, Frog - Tadpole 10, Goat - Lamb, kid 11. Insect - Larvae 12. Man - Child, baby 13. Pig - Farrow, piglets 14, Sheep - Lamb 15. Housefly - Grub, maggot 16. Dog - Puppy C. Animals and their sounds 1. Asses - Bray 2, Bears - Grow! 3. Bees - Hum 4, Birds - Chimp 5. Camels - Grunt 6. Cats - Meow 7. Cattle = Low 8. Cocks - Crow 9. Crows - Caw 10. Dogs - Bark 11. Doves - Coo 12. Ducks - Quack 13. Elephants - Trumpet 14. Flies - Buzz. 15, Frogs ~ Croak 16. Geese - Cackle 17. Hawks - Seream 18. Hyenas - Laugh 19, Horse - Neigh 20. Jackals - Howl 21. Lambs - Bleat 22. Lions - Roar 23. Mice - Squeak 24. Wolves - Yell 25, Monkey - Chatter 26. Nightingales - Sing 27. Owls - Hoot 28. Oxen - Low 29, Parrots - Talk 30. Pigeons - Coo 31. Pigs - Grunt 32. Puppies - Yelp 33. Sheep - Bleat 34, Sparrows - Chirp 35. Tigers - Roar 36. Vultures - Scream D, Tools and their Action 1. Axe - Grind 2. Auger - Bore 3. Knife - Cut 4. Gun - Shoot 5, Pen/pencil - Write 6, Razor - Shave 7. Spoon - Feed 8. Spade - Dig 9. Shovel - Scoop 10. Shield - Guard 11. Swore - Slaughter 12. File - Cut, smoothen, shaping 19 E. Product and Raw Material 1. Book - Paper 2. Butter - Milk: 3. Cloth - Fiber 4, Fumiture - Wood 5, Fabric - Yam 6, Jewellery - Gold 7. Linen - Flax 8, Metal - Ore 9, Oil - Seed 10, Shoes - Leather 11. Wine - Grapes 12, Wall - Brick 13, Pullover - Wool 14, Rubber - Latex 15. Sack - Jute 16. Ketchup - Tomatoes 17. Vodka - Rye, potatoes, vegetables 18. Beer - Malt F. Worker and Working Place 1. Artist - Theatre 2. Actor - Stage 3. Beautician - Parlour 4, Clerk - Office 5. Doctor - Hospital/Clinic 6, Farmer - Field/Farm 7. Engineer - Site 8. Gambler - Casino/Joint 9. Grover - Shop 10. Lawyer/Judge - Court 11. Mechanic - Garage/Factory 12, Painter - Gallery 13. Servant - House 14. Sailor - Ship 15. Scientist - Laboratory 16. Worker - Factory. 2. Crime - Sin 3. Error - Blunder 5. Moist - Drench, Wet 6. Kirdle - Bum, Smoulder Altercation 12, Cold - Cool, Free 13, Adore-Love‘HL. Male and Female 1. Boy - Girl 2. Father - Mother 3. Brother - Sister 4. Uncle - Aunt 5. Nephew - Niece 6. Son - Daughter 7. Dog - Bitch 8. Horse - Mare 9. Lion - Lioness 10. Tiger - Tigress 11. Duke - Duchess 12. Prince - Princess 13. King - Queen 14. Gentleman - Lady 15. He-goat - She-goat 16. Bachelor/Maid/Spinster/Girl 17. Buck - Doe 18. Bull/Ox - Cow 19. Drake - Duck 20. Drone - Bee 21. Earl - Countess 22. Gander - Goose 23. Hart/Stag - Roe, Hind 24. Monk/Friar - Nun 25. Ram - Ewe 26. Viscount - Viscountess 27. Abbot - Abbess 28. Czar - Czarina 29. Fox - Vixen 30. Jack-ass - Jenny-ass 311. Peacock - Peahen 1. Abode or Dwelling Place 1. Ants - Nest 2. Bee - Apiary 3. Cattle - Shed 4. Lion - Den 5. Poultry - Farm 6. Monk - Monastery 7. Fish - Aquarium 8. Birds - Aviary 9. Horse - Stable 10. Pig - Sty 11, Dog - Kennel 20 J. Instrument and Measurement . Ammeter ~ Current . Anemometer ~ Wind Barometer — Pressure Balance ~ Mass Hygrometer - Humidity Odometer - Mileage; Speedometer - Speed 7. Rain Gauge - Rain 8, Scale - Length 9. Screw gauge - Thickness 10. Seismograph ~ Earthquake 11, Taseometer - Strain 12. ‘Thermometer - Temperature 13, Sphygmomanometer - Blood- pressure 14, Altimeter - Altitude 15, Chronometer - Time 16. Audiometer - Sound Intensity K. Study and Topic Relationship 1. Apiculture - Honeybee 2. Anthropology - Man 3. Anatomy - Intemal structure of living beings 4. Agro biology - Plant life and sutrition 5, Embryology - Embryos 6. Biology - Life 7. Botany ~ Plants 8. Bacteriology — Bacteria 9, Dermatology - Skin 10. Entomology - Insects 11. Gereatries - Old-age diseases 12, Herpetology - Reptiles 13. Ichthyology - Fish 14, Limnology - Snails 15. Mycology - Fungi 16. Omithology - Birds 17, Odontology- Teeth 18. Pathology ~ Disease 19. Taxonomy - Classification 20. Zoology ~ Animals2 WORD ANALOGY ~ PAST CIVIL SERVICE EXAM 1 COMPASS is to DT TION as CALI ER isto ' speed 2 pitch 3.Diameter “altitude 5S. volume is to BEER as TANNING is to RDIST Rte 2 cotton 3: tea glass eather * DISTANCE isto MILE as LIQUID isto weight 2. meter 3. volume 4, oe 3 yard 4 PHOTOGRAPHER 'sto PICTURE as CARTOGRAPHER is to 2. design 3. Graph 4, cartoon om 5 OUTBURST is to ABUSIVE as EULOGY is to \laudatory 2. flowery 3. necrology 4. belittling 5. censure ©. PERJURY is to LIE as LARCENY is to conspire 2 kill 3.steal <4. injure are 7. OPTICS is to PHYSICS as DIALECTICS is to ' dialogue 2. mathematics 3, diction 4. grammar 5. logic 8: RUMMAGE is to DISORDER as TENDERFOOT isto \tookie expert’ 3. student. 4 veteran 5. old-timer 9. KAINGIN is to SOIL EROSION as CONTOUR FARMING is to — |. water distribution 2. wind erosion 3. crop growing 4. over pasturing 5. soil preservation 10. IRREFUTABLE is to DISPROVED as IRREPARABLE is 0 L.restored 2. irremediable 3. possible 4 Inevitable 5. insoluble MW is to SCHOOL as STAR is to fl 1. student-rock 2. principal-dancer 3. fish-constellation 4. bird-tree 5. thesis-player 12, is to SWORD as HOLSTER is to 1. blade-spin 2. scabbard-pistol 3. duel-bolo 4. sheath-shot 5S. hilt-rifle 13, is to LATE as AUTHENTIC is to 1. punctual-counterfeit 2. prompt-genuine 3. diligent-original 4. absent-false 5. early-real 14. HAPPINESS is to PROSPERITY as CONDOLENCEisto L.loneliness 2. awkward 3. contend 4. reginess__5. vigorous 15. TYCOON is to BUSINESS as VIRTUOSO is to Ltheater —2.virtue 3. music. 4.clergy 5. diplomacy 16. CONSANGUINITY is to BLOOD as AFFINITY is to . 1. race 2. occupation 3.mamiage 4. profession. faith 17. STATUE is to SCULPTOR as BALLET is to 1. director 2. composer 3. primadonna 4 shoes 5. choreographer 18. BILINGUAL is to LANGUAGE as BICAMERAL is to 1. legislative 2. representation 3. authority 4, council 5. taxation 19, KNOWLEDGE is to WISDOM as WEATHER is to . 1. storm 2. climate 3. heat 4. bad 5. station 20. ZOOLOGY is to ANIMALS as BOTANY is to 1. rivers 2. plants 3. rocks 4 genes 5. insects 21, Fall is to Pain as isto 1. flying : walking 2. food calories 3. disobedience : punishment 4. laugh : cry. 5. tears: joy 22. Headline is to News Story as isto 1. title : novel 2, preface : book 3, rhyme : poem 4, salutation: leter 5. conclusion : short story 23. SCHOOL is to HOSPITAL as : 1. principal : doctor 2. store : customer 3. student: teacher 4, nest : bird 5. village : people 24, TEST isto CHEATING ass 1. lawyer : council 2, promise ‘fail 3. politics: graft 4. swindle : business 5. army: disciplin 25. EYEis to FACE as 5 Ising: finger 2, stemroot 3. knob:door 4. shoe: foot 5. glasses: liftA. audience : theatre: GRAIN: SaUT AA shard : pottery 3. TEN: DECIMAL A. seven :septet 4. CORPORAL: SPIRTTUAL A.mesa : plateau S.LAWER : COURT ‘A. businessman :market 6. AFTER : BEFORE A. first: second 7. DISTANCE : MILE ‘A liquid ter 8. ARMY: Logistics A business strategy 9. DIVA: OPERA, A. producer : theatre 10. HOPE:; ASPIRE ‘A.expect : ambitious 111. CONDONE : OFFENCE A. punish; criminal 12. PROTOPLASM : CELL ‘A. chain: link 13. CORRUGATED : STRIPED A box zebra 114, DESTRUCTION : DEATH. ‘Awash : dirt 15. OXYGEN : GASEOUS A feather: light 16. AGILE: ACROBAT ‘A. grease: mechanic 47. CAT: MOUSE A.bird : worn 18, POWER : BATTERY ‘A vitamins: metabolism ‘A.bread: dough 20, ENERGY : DISSIPATE ‘A battery: recharge 21, BYE: FACE A. ring : finger WORD ANALOGY B. elephant : flock whales : herd B. shred : woman C blades : grass 8. four: quarter B. moron : savant Bchemist: laboratory 8. present; past B. bushel : corn B.soldiers students rector: drama B. film : flame B.mitigate: penitence 8. fibre: plastic 8. paint crayon 8B. germs : infested B.recovery: fluid B. peanuts: pears B.dog : tail B. recreation: cavalescence B. mint: lower B.atom : split B. stem : root two :binary foreigner: immigrant C laborer factory Cccontemporary historic C. weight scale war: logic conductor: bus fib .overlook aberration coin: money C roughness: smoothness sneeze scold iron: heavy plant: fruit C.trap: cheese C exercise: strength vanilla: bean food : heat Coknob 2 . shark: school D. chip glass 0. five: half D. pedagogue: teacher D. athlete: Olympics D. successor: predecessor Dame: television D. team individual D. thespian: play D. fake ordinary Dmistake: judgement D. chemistry: elements Di pit: dot D. cough : sneeze D. Stan: gaudy D. eloquent: orator Die: seek Dilight : kerosene D. caramel; buttereESES ESSERE RS RE RE RE RE RE RE RE EEE 22, ROD: Foor ‘A pound : ounce 23. KNOWLEDGE : wisooM Alu: paste 24. BIRD : BEAK A. button: shirt 25. INTEGER: DECIMAL 10010 26. cING :caKE A. veneer :table 27. CHALK: BLACK BOARD A door : handle 28, THROW: BALL A. shoot trigger 29. YELL: UTTER ‘A scream : defend 30. DIETING : OVERWEIGHT A. overheating: lutony 31. HOUSE: MoRTAGE Acarslien 32. MONEY : EMBEZZLEMENT ‘Abank: cashier 33. FOIL: FENCE ‘A-penci:pen 34. CUMB TREE ‘row :canoe 35. LION: CUB ‘A. mother : aunt 36, DIET: WEIGHT food :fat 37, STREPTOCOCCI: PNEUMONIA boat trip 38, HYGROMETER : BAROMETER ‘A. water: mercury 39. CORRESPONDENCE : CLERK A. office :manager 40. FRAME : PICTURE A.cup saucer 41, ROOM : HOUSE A refrigerator kitchen 42, BACTERIA : ILLNESS ‘A. medicine: bacteria B. disease : ith B disease :fith ato : Venus B. frost: lake B. table: chair B. pat : dog 8. shout cll B. poverty; sickness B.inventory : merchandise B passage: plagiarism 8. glove: box 8. ascend : cliff 8B. aunt child B. dinner: supper B. quinine: malaria B. secretary: stenographer B. table floor B. cabin: ship 8. knife laceration pint quarter Cheat climate house : chimney decimal : fraction pastry: bakery ink: paper hil infant child infant doctor: arthritis word : promise remarks: insult train: travel throw : balloon (human : child breed : starchy cause: sickness humidity: pressure orders: accountant radio: sound radio: sound C roof : building . cover: book wheels chair minute : second weather: imate bird cage whole number: fraction slicing cake dog: tail bend : break bend : break resting fatigue security: price radiation : bomb sleep: bed file :inger father: grandfather rug : pain malnutrition : belbery ‘temperature: weather records archivist ‘cover: book 2343, PLASTER: MORTAR BOARD ‘A. brush paint (44, NAIVE : CHEAT 8. drink: soda A. sensible: succeed 45, EGOTIABLE : CHEQUE 8. contentious: scom A frozen asset 46, PROJECTILE: TRAJECTORY A satelite : orbit 47. SHOVEL: HOE B.bullet: weapon A.eraser chalk B. spade: pickaxe 48. BUSTER: SKIN A. sore: toe B.ball: pitcher 49, ERRORS : INEXPERIENCE A. shill: mistakes ‘50. CLOTH : TEXTURE ‘A.wool: sik B.book: text 51. CHILD: FAMILY bird nest 8. calf: herd 52, EXPLOSION : DEBRIS Atrain scar Bfire ashes ‘53. SORROW : DEATH laugh: cy 8. plum: peach 54, TEPID: HOT pat: slap 8B. winter: summer '55, FORECAST : HAPPENING ‘A prophesy miracle 56, OCTAVO : BINDING 8. analyze : problem A.pica: printing 8B. music: octave 57. GOVERNMENT: EXILE A. police arrest B. judge : conviet ‘58, PEDAL: BICYCLE Avrun:race 8. climb : il 59, GOSSIP : EXAGERRATION smoke: fre B. cat chat 60, WAR: DEFENCE Acarm leg 61, CAT FELINE B. contest: resist ‘ALhorse: equine 62. CLASSIC: GREECE B. tiger: carnivorous ‘Acempite France 63, ORGANISM : STIMULUS B. Rome: aly A.horse: spur B. inventory : merchandise 8B. bacteria: microscope bomb : explosion cgulible: convince bank: money project: tragedy farm :howse Coskyeve €. sucess: very . wood : rain tentacle: octopus television dial happiness: birth .toppe:tumble foretell: disaster day: work 24 D. soli liquid Dh etallate flowing : river D. rejection: renunciation D. house : lawn D. boils: body D. losses : carelessness Datinen : flax Da flower: tulip, D.locusts : holocaust D.fear : hate . bing: bang. D. exculpate:: criminal D. pamphlet: book constitution: amendment D. church : excommunicate C. wind : lock C.boy : brother blame : praise C.bird: vulpine C colonialism : india organ : dissection D. switch : motor Diclimb : ery D. doctor: lawyer D. chair : furniture D. modern : American D. frog : shark25 (64, RUSTICITY: URBANITY Ask: wool Brust: steel caution: daring 65. cloTHEs :cLoser D. beetle insect A feet rug 8. actor :seript ink: per 65, TADPOLE : FROG frog fish A. gander : goose B.caterpilar: butterfly. husband : wife 0. frog: ‘57. ADVERSITY : HAPPINESS Si roublesome : comfortable Atear:mésforune B.property: adversity C.vehemence:sereity O.woubl fo 68, MARACAS : DANCER A.rvophone players. metronome pianist C.tambourinsgypsy sample salesman 69, FEATHERS PLUCK A. goose : duck 8. gormen carsdive D. woo!: shear 70. MODESTY : ARROGANCE Adebilty:strength 8. cause: purpose passion emotion Da finance: wall street 71L.8LOW: HoRN Aat:bow! switch on ight legisate:government _D. create: solution ‘72. UNITED STATES : NORTH AMERICA, ‘A Europe France B. New York: United states England : Europe North America : Europe 73, DECEMBER: WINTER 1. April: showers 8. August: summer summer: June D.March spring 74, NECKLACE : ADORNMENT ‘A.medal decoration 8 bronze :medal scart dress D. window : house 75. ULQUOR : ALCHOHOUSM pil: dope B.tranqize emotion C.perfume: smell D. candy : overweight 76. INTERRUT : SPEAK A. shout: yell B.intrude enter interfere: assist D. telephone: telegraph 7. ENCOURAGE : RESTRICT Again :success 8. dearth: surplus C seeing believing D.heart: soul 78, SETTING STONE pen : holder B. socket: bulb picture: frame D. pendulum : clock 79. CLOUDS: RAIN ‘A.wind : hurricane B.thunder lightning water: #20, D. sky: universe 80. GUN: HOLSTER ‘A. shoe : soldier 8B. sword : warrior ink: pen 81, MACE : MAJESTY D. books : school bag ‘Aking: crown 8B. sword soldier C.diploma: knowledge —_D. book : knowledge 82. VIKEN :SCOLD A. wound: sear B.hero : win C.bee: sting D. pimple: irrtate 83, DEBATE: SOLLOQUY ‘crowd : mob 8. Hamlet : Macbeth ‘84, THREAT : INSECURITY Lincoln : Douglas D. group : hermit A. challenge: fight 8. reason : anger thunder lighting Deere m= @ EERE HERE RE RRR eee eee85. LARGE : ENORMOUS Accat:tiger B. warmth frost 86, ARCHAEOLOGIST : ANTIQUITY plump :fat Aflower: horticulture 8. ichthyoloist: marine life C. theology : minister 87. coURT :1usmice A. doctor seness 8. chief boss 88, SCHOOL: DISCPUNE A pupil: dean 89, ATOM : ELECTRON ‘sun earth 0, FINGER HAND A legtoe 8. dictionary: word 91. COOLNESS : NIGHT ‘A. lack: yellow 8. humidity: sunshine S2.GIRL: WOMAN student: teacher B.adult: child 93, PEDAGOGUE : LEARNING A teaching books 8, professor: erudition 94, THIRST: PARCH A fever flush 8. water: sink 95, STEP: STAIRWAY Astacase:barster 8. wood : carpet 96, FALL : PAIN ‘thing: walking 8. food: aores 97.cuT:HAIR ‘pool: swim 8. throw ball 98. FAMINE : HUNGER ‘conflagration :burming, 8. pessimist: dismay 99, LORD : FEUDALISM Ach rent B. farm: castle 100, STRICT: DISCIPLINE A.bat: ball B.hitshurt ——C.book: learning c machinist: ear society : conformity Cc sputnik: satellite C.toe :foot cowarmth day black: white €.platoo : pedant (C hunger: strangle rung: ladder 26 D. royal regal . Bible : psalms D. auditor : accuracy . underworld: gangsterism D.neutron : proton medicine: doctor D. fear: right D. infant child D.scholmatter: ABC's D. house: porch disobedience : punishment D. laugh : ery fall: step stupidity failure C.entrepreneu D.seat rest D.trim :hedge . compound : mixture pitalsm D.Laisses fare: tariff,iil 34 MIGHLIGHTS OF THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION We : Preamble canna sien Filipino peopl, imploring the aid of Almighty io, in order to build a just and humane society and ur patrimony. eye that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop of law and, mY, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule sin **egime of uth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace do ordain and promulgate this Constitution National Territory all other tense) Comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced there fluvial, and aeriah goon hich the Philippines has sovereignty oF jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, submarine cart! domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other breadth and drag Wales around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of thet And dimensions, form part ofthe intemal waters ofthe Philippines Declaration of Principles and State Policies in; Philippines isa democratic and republican State, Sovereignty resides in the people and ll goverment Authority emanates from them Ch ‘The national in authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. io Armed Forces ofthe Philippines isthe protector of the people andthe Stale. Its gol is o secure the ‘overeignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory. The prime duty of the Government isto serve and protect the people. nerat bfenance of peace and order, the protection of life liberty, and property, and the promotion of the Seneral welfare are essential forthe enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable. ‘The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous Social institution. It shall equally protect the life ofthe mother and the life of the unbom fom conception ‘The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. Bill of Rights No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the ty, oF property equal protection of the laws. The right ofthe people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Power of Eminent Domain - Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Police Power - power to gover, and to make, adopt, and enforce laws forthe protection and preservation of public health, justice, morals, order, safety and security, and welfare Power of Taxation - power of a government to impose and collect taxes, as the means of raising revenue within its jurisdiction Miranda Rights - Any person under investigation forthe commission ofan offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain sient and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice, cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one, Right to Due Process of Law - No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or lic safety requires it. Right ‘Self Inerimination - No person shall be compelled to bea witness against himself.= Person shall be detained so ‘© person shall be imprisoned Right against Double Jeopa ‘ely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. dy - No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. Citizenship A rn vine are citizens of the Philippines Fathers ono are sitizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; (2) Those whose 'F mothers are citizens of the Philippines; (3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, Who elect Phiti izenshi ized i Mako = Phtippine iizenship upon reaching the age of majority: and (4) Those who are naturalized in Ni 1 ci aaural-bom citizens are those who are citizens ofthe Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to "Quire or perfect their Philippine citizenship s . Suffrage Suffrage. the right to vote. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by ~ who are (1) at least eighteen years of age, and (2) who shall have resided in the Philippines for atleast one Year and in the place wherein they propose to vote for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage. Legislative Department The legislative power shall be vested in the Congress ofthe Philippines which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives. ‘The Senate shall be composed of twenty-four Senators. No = — shall be a Senator unless he is (1) a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, (2) on the day of the election, is at least thirty-five years of age (3) able to read and write, (4) a registered voter, and (5) a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election. The term of office of the Senators shall be six years, No Senator shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than two hundred and fifty members who shall be elected from legislative districts among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila area in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio, and those who shall be elected through a party-list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations, The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per centum of the total number of representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be filled by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, except the religious sector. Each legislative district shall comprise contiguous, compact, and adjacent territory. Each eity with a population of at least two hundred fifty thousand, or each province, shall have at least one representative. No person shall be a Member of the House of Representatives unless he is (1) a natural-born citizen of the Philippines and, (2) on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, (3) able to read and write, and, (4) except the party-list representatives, a registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected, and (5) a resident thereof for a period of not less than one year immediately preceding the day of the election. ‘The Members of the House of Representatives shall be elected for a term of three years. No member of the House of Representatives shall serve for more than three consecutive terms. In case of vacancy in the Senate or in the House of Representatives, a special election may be called to fill such vacancy but the Senator or Member of the House of Representatives elected shall serve only for the unexpired term. Parliamentary Immunity - A Senator or Member of the House of Representatives shall, in all offenses punishable by ‘not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged from arrest while the Congress is in session. No Senator or a Member of the House of Representatives may hold any other office or employment in the Goverment, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controll corporations or their subsidiaries, during his term without forfeiting his seat No Senator or Member of the House of Representatives may personally appear as counsel before any court or before the Electoral Tribunals, or quasi-judicial and other administrative bodies. Neither shall he, di indirectly, be interested financially in any contract with, or in any franchise or special privilege granted by’ Government,lar session, The President may ‘The Congress shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular call a special session at any time. e The Senate shall lect its President and the House of Representatives its Speake" Tespective Members. from day to day. smaller number may adjourn A ee ee ee va ‘Tribunal which shall be the sole judge of The Senate and the House of Representatives shall each have an Electoral "vr bers Each Electoral all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of their nt ‘of the Supreme Court to be Tribunal shall be composed of nine Members, three of whom shall beJUSHWALD «ie og designated by the Chief Justice, and the remaining six shall be Members ts Representatives, The senior Justice inthe Electoral Tribunal shall be it Chai ek ote ee There hl be a Commision on Appintments consisting ofthe Preside sin shal ot twelve Senators, and twelve Members ofthe House of Representatives. Mh A Vote, except in case of a tie. The Commission shall rule by a majority Vole O viet ingoires in aid of The Senate or the House of Representatives or any of its respective ‘committees may conduct ing legislation. ‘The Congress, by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses in joint Sole power to declare the existence of a state of war. eee eee If, by the end of any fiscal year, the Congress shall have filed to pas the general sppropintions fiscal yer, the general appropriations law forthe preceding fiscal year shall be deemed rena No bill passed by either House shall become a law unless it has passed three readings om separate days, Every bill passed by the Congress shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the ime en uae to same, he shall signi otherwise, he shall veto it and retum the same with his objections fo the House where originated. If after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the Members of such House shall agree to pass the bill shall be sent, together withthe objection, to the other House by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the Members of that House, it shall become a law. Charitable institutions, churches and parsonages or covenants appurtenant thereto, mosques, non-profit cemeteries, and all lands, buildings, and improvements, actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious, charitable, or educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation. No law granting any tax exemption shall be passed without the concurrence of a majority of all the Members of the Congress. No law granting a ttle of royalty or nobility shall be enacted. by a majority vote of al its session assembled, voting separately, shall have the Executive Department The executive power shall be vested in the President ofthe Philippines. No person may be elected President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election. ‘There shall be a Vice-President who shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be elected with and in the same manner as the President. He may be removed from office in the same manner as the President. ‘The Vice-President may be appointed as a Member of the Cabinet. Such appointment requires no confirmation. ‘The President and the Vice-President shall be elected by direct vote of the people for a term of six years ‘The President shall not be eligible for any reelection. No person who has succeeded as President and has served as such for more than four years shall be qualified for election to the same office at any time. No Vice-President shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. The retums of every clection for President and Vice-President, duly certified by the board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to the Congress,..Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the President Senate shall, not Iter than thirty days after the day of the election, open all certificates in the presence of Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session, and the Congress, upon determination of the authenticity, canvass the votes ‘The person having the highest number of votes shall be proclaimed elected, but in case two or more shall h and highest numberof vote, one of them shall forthwith be chosen by the vote of a majority ofall the M