4.2 1.3 PROJECTILE MOTION BASIC CONCEPT : Projectile ‘Any object that is given an intial velocity obliquely, and that subsequently follows a path determined by the net constant force, (in this chapter constant force is gravitational force) acting on it is called a projectile. Examples of projectile motio © Acricket ball hit by the batsman for a six © Abullet fired from a gun. © A packet dropped from a plane; but the motion of the aeroplane itself is not projectile motion because there are forces other than gravity acting on it due to the thrust of its engine. Assumptions of Projectile Motion : ‘+ We shall consider only trajectories that are of sufficiently short range so that the gravitational force can be considered constant in both magnitude and direction. ‘+ Alleffects of air resistance will be ignored. + Earth is assumed to be fla. Projectile Motion : © The motion of projectile is known as projectile motion. © tis an example of two dimensional motion with constant acceleration. © Projectile motion is considered as combination of two simultaneous motions in mutually perpendicular directions which are completely independent from each other ie. horizontal motion and vertical motion using Horizontal motion o_usind x R Vertical motion Parabolic path = vertical motion + horizontal motion. Galileo's Statement : ‘Two perpendicular directions of motion are independent from each other. In other words any vector quanlity directed along a direction remains unaffected by a vector perpendicular to it. PROJECTILE THROWN AT AN ANGLE WITH HORIZONTAL Consider a projectile thrown with a velocity u making an angle 0 with the horizontal © Initial velocity u is resolved in components in a coordinate system in which horizontal direction is taken as x-axis, vertical direction as y-axis and point of projection as origin. Uc= U cos 0 w=usind OE scared win en comer24 2.2 23 2.4 25 ‘Again this projectile motion can be considered as the combination of horizontal and vertical motion. Therefore, Horizontal direction Vertical direction (2) Initial velocity ux Initial velocity u (b) Acceleration a, Acceleration ay = g (6) Velocity after time t, ve= u cos 0 Velocity after time t, vy = Time of flight : The displacement along vertical direction is zero for the complete fight. Hence, along vertical direction net displacement = 0 sino = wsingt-1grs0 = THzusin® 2 9 Horizontal range : Rout = Reucos 0, 28800 Maximum height : ‘At the highest point of its trajectory, particle moves horizontally, and hence vertical component of velocity is zero Using 3equation of motion ie, v?=u? + 2as we have for vertical direction (O= uF sin? 0 - 2gH > Resultant velocity : ¥ ucos 01 +(usino—g)j J(u? cos? 0+ (usin — gt)? and tan a= w/ vs. _ucosd cosa ey) where, | Also, veosa=ucoso => Note : @ Results of article 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 are valid only if projectile lands at same horizontal level from which it was projected. ‘© Vertical component of velocity is positive when particle is moving up and vertical component of velocity is negative when particle is coming down if vertical upwards direction is taken as positive. General result : © For maximum range 0 = 45° Rrrax= W2Ig => Hnac= Rral2 ‘© We get the same range for two angle of projections « and (90 — a) but in both cases, maximum heights attained by the particles are diferent This is because, R= “8920. ang sin 2 (90 — a) = sin 180-2a=sin 24 eof Rew ¢ uisin20 _ u' sin? ss tanoe4 2g Range can also be expressed as R 2usinducosd . g OE scared win en comer‘Solved Example Example 1. Solution : Example 2. Solution: Example 3. Solution : Example 4. Solution : Example 5. Solution: A body is projected with @ speed of 30 ms~! at an angle of 30° with the vertical maximum height, time of fight and the horizontal range of the motion. [Take g = 10 mis*] Here u= 30 ms~', Angle of projection, 0 = 90 ~ 30 = 60° Maximum height, H= U°Sin®O _ 30%sin*60° _ 900 2g 2x10 20.4 4 Time of fight, T= 2¥8i00 2xs0ssin6t ay3sec. Horizontal range = sem : 090+ 2sin6Oreos60 245y3m A projectile is thrown with a speed of 100 m/s making an angle of 60° with the horizontal. Find the minimum time after which its inclination with the horizontal is 45° 7 uc= 100 * cos60* y= 100 * sin60° = 50.3 w= uy + ayt = 50/8 — gt and ve= ‘When angle is 45°, 50 tan 4g0= “ = wey % > s0-g3=50 = s0W3-=gt = (Ans A large number of bullets are fired in all directions with the same speed v, What is the ‘maximum area on the ground on which these bullets will spread ? ‘Maximum distance up to which a bullet can be fired is its maximum range, therefore Maximum area = x(Ronas)? > ‘The velocity of projection of a projectile is given by : G (a) Time of fight (b) Maximum height, (c) Range We have u:= 5 u,= 10 a (a) Time of fight = 24800 . 2 wisinto _ uf 1010 oe =5m 2g 2g) (2x10 Zusinoucesd _ 2u,u, _ 2x10x5 _ a g 10 Aparticle is projected at an angle of 30° w.rt. horizontal with speed 20 mis : (). Find the position vector of the particle after 1s. Find the angle between velocity vector and position vector at t= 1s, {b) Maximum height = (c) Range = 0 x =uo0s01220% 8 xt =10¥3m yeusinot- 3 x 10x =20% 5 «(507 =5m (ov) +8 Position vector, F = 10V3 1+5], |? GF seamed win oe comer(i) ve= 1043 7 weuy tate 10-gt=0 = 108 1, |¥|= 10/8 W-F = (10,81). (10/31 + 8}) = 300 ¥ VIF | cos 6 ~ — 300 so cosa) Wilf] 10/3/3225 13 = cos 0= a 3. EQUATION OF TRAJECTORY The path followed by a particle (here projectile) during its motion is called its Trajectory. Equation of trajectory is the relation between instantaneous coordinates (Here x & y coordinate) of the particle. Ifwe consider the horizontal direction, x= Ut x=Ucos0.t (4) For vertical direction Y= uy 11/2 gt? sin 0.t— 1/2 gt? 2) 1g 't’ from equation (1) & (2) 2 : yeusino. —* ~ tof xy yextana— 9 ut 2u* cos” 0 This is an equation of parabola called as trajectory equation of projectile motion. Other forms of trajectory equation : x°(14+ tan? 0) © yextang- (t+ tao) @ y=xtano- — y ‘cos? = xtano [1% _ 2 xine sata Solved Example Example 1. Find the value of 0 in the diagram given below so that the projectile can hit the target, y= z0ms het0m @ : x= 2m i *(1+ tan? 0) 5x (20)? Solution. =xtang— SCs), 19 = 20 tano- 1 + tanto) y oF zor ) = 2=4tan0~(1 + tan’0) = tan) -4tan0+3=0 = (tan0-3)(tan0-1)=0 >tan0=3,1 > 045", tan") © seamen oxen scannerExample 2. A ball is thrown from ground level so as to just clear a wall 4 m high at a distance of 4 m and falls at a distance of 74 m from the wall. Find the magnitude and direction of initial velocity of the ball igure is given below. Solution. Pp ————— The ball passes through the point P(4, 4). Also range = 4 + 14 = 18 m. The trajectory ofthe balls, y= x tan 0 (1 ~ Now x= 4m, y= 4m and R = 18m aeatanolt-a] = 4tano, i or tano=2 > Om tat = 24? sindcosa . ~ 2,7 . ange Sor 18 WS Tae u= Jie2 a. 4. PROJECTILE THROWN PARALLEL TO THE HORIZONTAL FROM 44 42 SOME HEIGHT Consider a projectile thrown from point © at some height h from the ground with a velocity u. Now we shall study the characteristics of projectile motion by resolving the motion along horizontal and vertical directions, Horizontal direction Vertical direction (i) Initial velocity ux. = u Initial velocity uy (ii) Acceleration ax = 0 Acceleration a, Time of flight : “This is equal othe time taken by the projectile fo return to ground. From equation of motion s=ul+ fae. ‘along vertical direction, we get 1 -heuts bce 4 n= Age > h=t9 ats Q Horizontal range : Distance covered by the projectile along the horizontal direction between the point of projection to the point on the ground. Reuct > © seamen oxen scanner43 44 45 Velocity at a general point P(x, y) : v=o Here horizontal velocity of the projectile after time t wru velocity of projectile in vertical direction after time t w= 0+ g)t=—gt = gt (downward) veyuhrg'® andtan d= wh Velocity with which the projectile hits the ground : Vaeu = V= Ju? +2gh Trajectory equatior The path traced by projectile is called the trajectory. After time t, x=ut (1) a From equation (1) teu Put the value of tin equation (2) x a This 's trajectory equation ofthe particle projected horizontally from some height. (2) ei y=>9 Solved Example Example 4. A projectile is fired horizontally with a speed of 98 ms~ from the top of a hill 480 m high. Find (). the time taken to reach the ground (i) the distance of the target from the hill and (ii) the velocity with which the projectile hits the ground. (take g = 9.8 mis?) Solution : x (The projectile is fired from the top O of a hill with t= 98 ms* along the horizontal as shown as OX. Itreaches the target P at vertical depth in the coordinate system as shown, ‘490m 2 gh 1 490= 5 xoer or t= Yi00 = 10s. (9. Distance of the target from the hilis given by, AP = x = Horizontal velocity = time = 98 » 10 = 980m. (i) The horizontal and vertical components of velocity v of the projectile at point P are 3B ms! w=Uy+gt= 049.8 x 10=98 mst V= five = Jo" 198" = 082 ms Now if the resultant velocity v makes an angle B with the horizontal, then 7 pase © seamen oxen scannerExample 2. A motorcycle stunt rider rides off the edge of a cliff, Just at the edge his velocity Is horizontal, with magnitude 9.0 mis. Find the motorcycle’s position, distance from the edge of the cliff and velocity after 0.5 s, Solution: Att = 0.505 the x and y-coordinates are x= vit = (9.0 mis) (0.50 s) = 4.5m ye Zge=~ 2 roms (508) =- Sm ‘The negative value ofy shows that this ime the motorcycle is below ils stating point " west Ne ‘The motorcycle's distance from the origin at this time r= x? +y* = ( en ‘The components of velocity at this time are vs = vo = 9.0 m/s w=—gt = (-10 m/s?) (0.50 s) = -8 mis, ‘The speed (magnitude of the velocity) at this time is vs vi+v) = y(9.0m/s) +(-5m/s)* = 106 mis Example 3. An object Is thrown between two tall buildings 180 m from each other. The object is thrown horizentaly from 2 window 55 m above ground from one building through a window 10.9 m above ground in the other bulging, Find out the speed of projection. (Use g = 9.8 mis") ‘on: fon [Pxaa.t Solution : fe 08 sec. 2 =u; u=6oms 70m 5. PROJECTION FROM A TOWER Case (i): Horizontal projection Q This is same as previous section (section 4) Case (il): Projection at an angle 0 above horizontal, Ux = ucosO ; uy = usin ; ay =- © seamen oxen scannerEquation of mation between A & B (in Y direction) Sy=-h, wy = usind, ay =—g, t= T cuts Late -h= 4 og Sule Za? = h=usino t-5 gt Solving this equation we will get time of fight, And range, R=u:T = ucos0T ; Also, w= uj +2a/S, =u? sin?0+ 2gh ; vs ve= x = ves yuF+2gh Case (ii) : Projection at an angle 0 below horizontal Us = UC050 : Uy = — USiNO ; ay =~ g Saute Lat Sy =—h, uy = —usind, t= T, ay= 9 > == —usino T2972 =heusino T+ ore ‘Solving this equation we will get time of flight, T ‘And range, R= us T = ucos0 T ve Ucos 0 W? = Uf + 2ayS, = uPsin?0 + 2-9) (Ch) vw? = u’sin’g + 2gh vee (vieyy = fi +2gh ‘Note : objects thrown from same height in different directions with same initial speed will strike the ground with the same final speed. But the time of flight will be different. Solved Example Example 1. From the top of a 11 mhigh tower a stone is tomy projected with speed 10 mis, at an angle of 37° as shown in figure. Find (a) Speed after 2s (0) Time of fight (c) Horizontal range. (@) The maximum height attained by the tim particle (e) Speed just before striking the ground. Solution : (@) Initial velocity in horizontal direction = 10 cos 37 = 8 mis Initial velocity in vertical direction = 10 sin 37° = 6 mis Speed after 2 seconds vevel ty] =8i+ (uy +ayt)j = 81+ (6-10 2)j = 1 1 Sy=ut+ tae o-11-6xt+txciote () Sy=ut+ Daye M=6xt+ > x (410) F SEG 1120 > 41)G1-1)20 > t= Tse, wgx tt 88 (© Range = 8x ot = & (@) Maximum height above the level of projection, h= a a = 1.8m {e) Maximum height above ground = 11 +1.8= 128m for -2gh = \FOOr2xAOxTT V5 mis OF scanned wit one ScannerExample 2. From the top of a 11 m high tower a stone is projected with speed 10 m/s, at an angle of 37° as shown in figure. Find a) Time of fight. (b) Horizontal range. (C) Speed just before striking the ground, 10s Solution: —_ue= 10 cos 37° = 8 m/s , uy= ~ 10 sin 37°= ~ 6 mis (2) 8) ut+ Loy > -1 4 sextet xeine t+ 7 x10) = St+6t-11=0 = t-1(tF11)20 > t= t806 (b) Range = 8x 1=8m (0) v= ur e2gh = SOOT aI1Ox1 = v= ¥820 mis =8Y5 mis Note: that in Ex11 and Ex.12, objects thrown from same height in different directions with same initial speed strike the ground with the same final speed, but after different time intervals. 6. PROJECTION FROM A MOVING PLATFORM ] a dav Case (i): When a ball is thrown upward from a truck moving with uniform speed, then observer A standing in the truck, will ee the ball moving in straight vertical line (upward & downward) The observer B sitting on road, will see the ball moving in a parabolic path, The horizontal speed of the ball is equal to the speed of the truck. When a ball is thrown at some angle ‘0’ in the vino direction of motion of the truck, horizontal & vertical component of balls velocity w.rt. observer A 2080 standing on the truck, is ucos0, and usin Ay respectively. 8 Horizontal & vertical component of bal's velocity Ly ‘wet. observer B sitting on the ground, is dur wie ux= ucos0 + v and u/=usind respectively. Case (ili): When a ball is thrown at some angle ‘0' in the opposite direction of motion of the truck, horizontal & vertical component of ball's velocity w.rt, observer A standing on the truck, is uucos®, and usind respectively. Horizontal & vertical component of ball's velocity wrt. observer B sitting on the ground, is Uc = ucos0 — v and uy=usind respectively. u 3, rob rebar OE scared win en comerplatform moving with speed v upwards, horizontal When a ball is thrown at some angle ‘0' from a we & vertical component of balls velocity wt conn ‘observer A standing on the moving platform, is g cos and usin0 respectively. Horizontal & vertical component of ball's velocity wr. observer B siting on the ground, is $ Uc = ucosd and uy = usind + v respectively. Case (v): When a ball is thrown at some angle ‘0' from a platform moving with speed v downwards, horizontal & vertical component of ball's velocity w.rt. observer A standing on the moving platform, is ucos® and usin0 respectively. Horizontal & vertical component of ball's velocity w.r.t. observer B sitting on the ground, is Ue ueos0 and uy=usind —v respectively, io Ber Solved Examplo Example 1. Solution Example 2. Solution : A boy standing on a long railroad car throws a ball straight upwards. The car is moving on the horizontal road with an acceleration of 1 m/s? and the projection speed in the vertical direction is 9.8 m/s. How far behind the boy will the ball fall on the car ? Let the initial velocity of car be ‘u’ time of fight, t = 2uy/g = 2 where u, = component of velocity in vertical direction Distance travelled by car xe= ux 2+ 1/21*2?= 2u+2 distance travelled by ball x» =u * 2 Xe Xe = 2u+2-2u=2m Ans. ‘A fighter plane moving with a speed of 50V2 mis upward at an angle of 45° with the vertical, releases a bomb. Find (a) Time of fight (©) Maximum height of the bomb above ground dog @) yeuyts ae #000 = Sot-2 0x0? ; B+ 10t-200=0 (20) + 10)=0 : t= 20sec (hy H= Me 50" 50%50 «105m 23° 2g (20 Hence maximum height above ground H = 1000 + 125 = 1125 m OE scared win en comerN 741 72 13 74 PROJECTION ON AN INCLINED PLANE Caso (|) : Particle is projected up the incline Here a is angle of projection wrt. the inclined plane. x andy * axis are taken along and perpendicular to the incline as shown in the diagram. In this case:ax = — gsin§ Time of flight (T) : When the particle strikes the inclined plane y becomes zero = ut + Lay? ye ut +5 art . 1 2usina _ 2u, = 0=usinaT— —gcospT? BP—_—.=4. ina — > gcosh = geosp gy Where u. and g: are component of u and g perpendicular to the incline. Maximum height (H) : ‘When half of the time is elapsed y coor the projectile Heusing fusing a cos fi sine P (geosp ) ~29°°S?| gcosp Range along the inclined plane (R): ‘When the particle strikes the inclined plane x coordinate is equal to range of the particle iate is equal to maximum distance from the inclined plane of visio? uth 2gcosp 2g, 4 xeud+ tat 2 R= ucosa { 2usine . > Reece ( nests Case (ii) : Particl Inthis case : a= gsing ; Ue ucosa =gcoshi uy = using Time of flight (T) : When the particle strikes the inclined plane y coordinate becomes zero 1 a 1 2usir 2u, yaul+> af => O=usineT—FgcospT? > Ts rg a OF scanned wit one Scanner7.5 Maximum height (H) : When half of the time is elapsed y coordinate is equal to maximum height of the projectile it 1 eiag( using) _ usin? Sut - osin( wate) = * Zacosp ~ 2a, 7.6 Range along the inclined plane (R): ‘When the particle strikes the inclined plane x coordinate is equal to range of the particle xeut+ tates R=uoosa (USM), Voeing (Busing) _, p= Zu’ sinacos(a.—B) 2 \goosp "2 \ geosp gcos"p 7.7 Standard results for projectile motion on an inclined plane Up the Incline Down the Incline Range 2u? sinacos(a +f) 2u? sineccos(ce ~ fp) gcos? gcos*p 2usina 2usina Ti ey ime of fight sch pea ‘Angle of projection for ™ B 7B ‘maximum range a2 4°2 a 7 Maxir —— — jaxiniam Range asin) a sinp) Here ais the angle of projection with the incline and ft is the angle of incline Note : For a given speed, the direction which gives the maximum range of the projectile on an incline, bisects the angle between the incline and the vertical, for upward or downward projection. Solved Example Example 1. A bullet is fired from the bottom of the inclined plane at angle 0 = 37° with the inclined plane. ‘The angle of line is 30° with the horizontal. Find (The position of the maximum height of the bullet from the inclined plane. (i) Time of fight (iil) Horizontal range along the incline. (iv) For what value of 0 will range be maximum. () Maximum range. Solution : x (Taking axis system as shown in figure YX sons, Athighest point Vy = 0 Vie U+ 2ay = (30)? - 2gc0s30°y y= 30J3 (maximum height) (O) ° (i) Again for x coordinate Vy = Uy + ayt 0 = 30—geos30" xt > = 23 x 2/3sec Time of flight (i) x= Ust fae x= 40x 43 — osinaor (43)? = x= 40 (4/3 — 3) m Range w 45°15°= 30° 50x50 _ 2500 _ 500 4,2) 10/143 2) © Qiesin py OE scared win en comerExample 2. Solution : Example 3. Solution : A particle is projected horizontally with a speed u from the top of a plane inclined at an angle sth the horizontal. How far from the point of projection wil the particle strike the plane? Take X, Y-axes as shown in figure. Suppose that the a, x particle strikes the plane at a point P with coordinates, (x, y). Consider the motion between A and P. Suppose distance between A and P is S y Then position of P is, Scos 0 y=-Ssino Using equation of trajectory (For ordinary projectile motion) = ot Ye x tan oo oso here y=- Sino Scos0 (= angle of projection with horizontal = * ~Sssin 0 = S cos 0 (0) — seges ri iF sinacos(a~B) goos* Inciine plane 2u? sino ‘gcos*O Aliter : A projectile is thrown at an angle 0 with an inclined plane of inclination jas shown in figure. Find the relation between fi and 0 if (@) Projectie strikes the inclined plane perpendicularly, to the inclined plane (b) Projectile strikes the inclined plane horizontally to the ground (@) If projectite strikes perpendicularly, Ve= O when projectile strikes Ver ue tad ucos0 O=ucos0-gsinpT + T= Usd gen gsing we also know that T = 2usino jcos ucosd _ 2usind dada 01= 2y,sin0, = ote Suen atest an Time taken to reach the maximum height by 1 projectile = => 1 t Time taken to reach the maximum height by 2° projectile = 3 Ty beak ooh PtP a2F or2g :. sum of time taken by each to reach highest point = Ts (ort) Total time taken by either of the projectile Apparticle is projected with speed 10 m/s at an angle 60° with horizontal. Find (@) Time of fight (©) Range (@) Maximum height (@) Velocity of particle after one second (©) Velocity when height of the particle is 11m (@ VBsec (b) 5¥3m 45 @ Pm (@) 10/2-V3 mis fe) ¥=512 V5) _ 2usind _ 2x5/3 _ (@ T= = sec. u'sin20 _ 10x10x2xsin60°cos60° sfamis toms 10 vim. 60" S mis uisin?o _ 10x10%3 _ 18 29. «& 10x44 (©) maximum height H= OE scared win en comerProblem 3 Answer: Solution : Problem 4 Answer: Solution : Problem 5 Answer: (@) velocity at any time ‘tT vel tw > Wei we wea + at => we5y3-10%1 Si+GV3-1)]) = v= 10( 2-5] mis (©) v= u2 + 2gh velocity at any height ‘his T= vsi + Wj: vez uc= 5 vw =u -2ah= (5V3) 2 104 wei = 0 =5i 2v55j stone is thrown with a velocity v at angle 0 with horizontal. Find its speed when it makes an angle f with the horizontal vcos B 605 0 vcos 0 =v’ cos vsin gp vi vsing V cos B 0 vcos 0 cos ‘Two paper screens A and B are separated by a distance of 100 m. A bullet pierces A and then B. The hole in B is 10 cm below the hole in A. If the bullet is travelling horizontally at the time of hilting the screen A, calculate the velocity of the bullet when it hits the screen A. Neglect the resistance of paper and air 700 mis Equation of motion in x direction 100 = vt 100 7G won) y iny direction 2 x9.8xt 2) 0.6m 0.1 = 1/2 9.8 x (100)? a From equation (1) & (2) on solving we get_ u= 700 m/s 109m ‘Two stones A and 8 are projected simultaneously from the top of a 100 m high tower. Stone B is projected horizontally with speed 10 nvs, and stone A is dropped from the tower. Find out the following (g = 10 mis?) (@) Time of fight of the two stone (b) Distance between two stones after 3 sec. (6) Angle of strike with ground (d) Horizontal range of particle B (2) 2¥8 sec. (b) xs = 30m, ya=45m () tant2y5 (8) 20y6 m OF scanned wit one ScannerSolution : Problem 6 Answer: Solution : Problem 7 Answer: (2) To calculate time of fight (for both stone) apply equation of motion in y direction stone B sora | (u), #0, (u,)=10mIs (u)=0 100m! 100 = 1/2 gt? t= 2 sec. (b) Xe= 10 *3=30mt Yo=U2xgxt=1/2%10%3%3 Yo= 45m. distance between two stones after 3 sec. Xa = 30, Ye=45 ve So, distance = (30) +(45)" (©) angle of striking with ground w? = uy? + 2gh = 0+ 2x 10x 100 w= 205 mis => sto mis st=ul + wi => tano= tan (2V5) (@) Horizontal range of particle Xe= 10x (2J5)= 20/5 m ‘Two patticles are projected simultaneously with the same speed V in the same vertical plane with angles of elevation 6 and 20, where @ < 45° At what time will their velocities be parallel. Ycos(2cosec( 2) a2 2 Velocity of particle projected at angle '0' after time t = (vcosoi +vsinoj)—(tj) ‘Velocity of particle projected at angle '20' after time t Ye = (veos 201 + v sin 20]) —(gt]) veoso __vsind-gt voos20 ~ vsin20—gf ‘Solving above equation we can get result Yos()cosee{ 2) Since velocities are parallel so 2 ‘A ball Is projected horizontally from top of a 80 m deep well with velocity 10 mls. Then particle will fall on the bottom at 2 distance of (all the colisions with the wall are etastic and wall is smooth). | 10mis. 80m] | lA 3] an. (A) 5 mfrom A (8) 5m from 8 (©) 2mfrom A (0)2m from B ©) miromB (C)2m from A OF scanned wit one ScannerSolution : Problom 8 Solution : Problem 8 Solution : Total ime taken by the ball o reach at bottom = es = FER Ase Let time taken in ane collision is t Thentx 10= t= 7 sec, No. of collisions = 4 #52 {th collisions from wall B) Horizontal distance travelled in between 2 successive collisions = 7 m Horizontal distance traveled in 817 pat of colisions = 2x7 = Sm Distance from Ais 2m Ans. A projectile is launched from point ‘A’ with the initial conditions shown in the figure. BC part is circular with radius 150 m, Determine the x’ and 'y' co-ordinates of the point of impact. Let the projectile strikes the circular path at (x, y) and ‘A’ to be taken as origin. From the figure co-ordinates of the centre of the circular path is (800, 150). Then the equation of the circular path is (&~ 300)? + (y ~ 150)? = (150)? %t ) oy) and the equation of the trajectory is, A y=xtan go _ 9 300m —" 2 (68)* cos? 30° x _ 2x79 eX 2) Y* Gas @ From Eqs. (1) and (2) we get x=973m; y= 18.75m Ball bearings leave the horizontal through with a velocity of magnitude ‘u' and fall through the 70 mm diameter hole as shown. Calculate the permissible range of ‘u' which will enable the balls to enter the hole, Take the dotted positions to represent the limiting conditions, 20mm 420mm OE scared win en comerProblem 10 Particle A is released from a point P on a smooth inclined plane inclined at an angle a with the horizontal. At the same instant another particle B Is projected with initial velocity u making an angle i with the horizontal. Both the particles meet again on the inclined plane. Find the relation between a and fi Solution: Consider motion of B along the plane initial velocity = u cos (a + B) acceleration = g sina OP = ucos (a+ p)t+ Lg.sin (oye 0 For motion of particle A along the plane, initial velocity = 0 acceleration = g sin a. oP. ja sinat® 0) From Equation. (i) and (ji) ucos (a + B) So, either t= Oora+ p= = ‘Thus, the condition for the particles to collide again is a + f = 72. Problem 11 The direction of motion of a projectile al a certain instant is inclined at an angle a to the horizontal After t seconds itis incined an angle f. Find the horizontal component of velocity of projection in terms of g,t, « and p. (and Bare positive in anticlockwise direction) Answer: ——St__ jana tan Solution tucos yy Ab LZ Nowax=0 . ucosa = v cosf. A) Now for motion along y-axis, arg usina- gt = vsinf oy Putting the value of v y= BOOS g(a) cosp, cosa, we have, u sine — gt= sinp. or using ~ ucosa tan = gt {sina - cosa. tan} = gl gt ina — cos tanp ) Horizontal component. of velocity =u cosa. = gt cosa, - gt * Gina= cosa fan)” (tana tanp) OF scanned wit one ScannerProblem 12 Answer: Solution : Problem 13, Answer: Solution : From the ground level, a ball is to be shot with a certain speed. Graph shows the range R it will hhave versus the launch angle 0. The least speed the ball will have during ils fight if is chosen. such that the flight time is haif of its maximum possible value, is equal to (take g = 10 mis*) Rim) @ in degree) (A) 260 mis (8) 50/3 mis (©) 50 mis (0) 253 mis (D) From the R wis 0 curve (for u = const.) Rea = = 260 => —u=50mlsec. T= 1/2 Tmax. possible 2usino _ 4/2u" 2\g > sino=12 > 0 =30° Least speed during flight = u cos 0 = 50 cos 30 = 25/3 The coordinates of a particle moving in a plane are given by x(t) = a cos (pt) and y(t) = b sin (pt), where a, b (< a) and p are positive constants of appropriate dimensions then - (A) the path of the partite is an ellipse (©) the velocity and acceleration of the particle are normal to each other at t= x/2p (C) the acceleration of the particle is always directed towards a focus (0) the distance travelled by the particle in time interval t= 0 to = r/2pisa, [JEE 1988, (AB) x=acospt = — cos(pt)=xa (1) y=bsinpt = — sin(p)=yb ....@) ‘Squaring and adding (1) and (2), we get xy ab Therefore, path of the particle is in ellipse. Hence option (A) is correct, From the given equations we can find Y a OF scanned wit one Scannerapsinpt — ap? cos pt iy = Bp 0S pt addi? = ay = - bp? sin pt Attime t= x/2p or pte a2 ‘as and vy become zero ( become cos a/2= 0) only Vs and ay are left, ‘or we can say that velocity is along negative x-axis and acceleration along ~y-axis. Hence at t= n/2p, velocity and acceleration of the particle are normal to each other. So option (8)is also correct Att= 1, position of the particle F(t) = xi+yj =a cos pti+ b sin ptj and acceleration of the particle is &(t) = a,i+a,] =-prlacos pti +b sin ptj] =—p? [xi + yj] =- p? 7) ‘Therefore acceleration of the particle is always directed towards crigin Hence option (C) is also correct. ‘Att= O, particle is at (a, 0) and at t= n/2p, particle is at (0, b). Therefore, the distance covered is one-fourth of the elliptical path not a Hence option (0) is wrong, OF scanned wit one Scanner