Multiple Choice Questions with Only One Choice Correct 1. When a plane harmonic wave of wavelength A a travels in a medium, the particle speed will always @ lem then 3 (b) less then A. be less then the wave speed if the amplitude of the A wave is (c) greater then z (d) greater then A2. An open pipe and a closed pipe have the same length Z, The ratio of the frequencies of their » th overtones is dn n © Gap © Gan (n+!) 2(n+1) © Gr?) © @net) 3. The frequency ofthe first overtone of a closed pipe is equal to that of the first overtone of an open pipe. Itis also found that a vibrating source resonates with the ‘nth harmonic of the closed pipe and with the m th harmonic of the open pipe. The ratio n/m is @ (b) () @ 4, A standing wave is produced due toa superposition of the incident wave and the wave reflected from a boundary. It is observed that the amplitude at antinode is 9 times that at node. The percentage of the incident intensity reflected from the boundary (a) 36% (b) 64% (©) 72% (a) 81% 8. A source emitting a sound of wavelength 2. is in resonance with the first overtone of a closed pipe. Another source emitting a sound of wavelength 2s in resonance with the second overtone of the same pipe. The ratio 2/2 is 5 4 ay 5 wm 4 @ 5 os 3 5 3 @ 2 © 5 @ > 6. The displacements ofa particle located at x at time 1 due to two waves are given by y= asin(ar — kx) ‘And ya= asin (ar kx + 6) If the amplitude of the resultant wave formed by the superposition ofthese two waves is a the phase constant 9 is equal to z (a) zero oF 2n 3 © F oF 7. Starting from rest, an observer moves with a con- stant acceleration a towards a stationary source emitting a sound of frequency vp. Which of the graphs shown in Fig. 14.7 correctly represents the variation of the apparent frequency v of sound as heard by the observer with time 1? 1 t = » = { ' oo @ Fig. 147 8 A train is moving with a constant speed u along a circular track, A siren in its engine is emitting a sound of frequency v. If w= v/10, where v is the speed of sound, the apparent frequency of sound as heard by a passenger at the rear end of the train is ov lv @ % om © ~ @y "1 9. A progressive wave in a medium is represented by the equation out sin (10x1— where y and x are in em and ¢ in seconds. The maximum speed of a particle of the medium due to the waves is (a) tom st (b) 10cms* (©) xems* (@ 10 wom s* 10. A tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz is sounded above a cylindrical tube 1 m high. Water is slowly poured into the tube, If the speed of sound is 340 ms", at what levels of water in the tube will the sound of the fork be appreciably intensified? (a) 25 em, 75 om (b) 20 em, 80 em (©) 15 em, 85 em (@ 17 em, 83 em Il. A sonometer wire, 65 em long, is in resonance with a tuning fork of frequeney NV. If the length of the wire is decreased by 1 em and itis vibrated with the same tuning fork, 8 beats are heard per second, What is the value of N?(a) 256 Hz (b) 384 Hz (c) 480 Hz (d@) S12 Hz 12, Two organ pipes, each closed at one end, give 5 beats por Second when emitting their fundamental notes Ihsirlengthsarein the aio of 50 31 thei fundamental frequencies (in Hz) are (a) 250, 255 (b) 255, 260 (©) 260, 265 (a) 265, 270 13, Two sources 4 and B are sounding notes of frequency 680 Iz. A listener moves ftom 4 to B witha constant velocity mI the speed of sound is 340 ms“, what must be the value of w so that he hears 10 beats per second? (a) 2.0 ms" (b) 2.5 mst (©) 3.0 mst (d) 3.5 ms 14, Standing waves are produced by the superposition otto waves 1 = 0.05 sin (3xt — 2x) and y= 008 sin Gat +20) where x and y are expressed in metres and fis in Seconds, What isthe amplitude of parle atv = 0.5 m. Given cos (57.3°) = 0.54, (a) 2.7m (b) 5.4 cm (c) 8.1. cm (d) 10.8 cm 18. The transverse displacement of a sting fixed at both ends is given by y= 006 sin (224) cos (120 29 where x and y are in metres and 1 is in seconds. ‘The length ofthe string is 18 m and its mase 3.0 x 107 kg. What is the tension in the string? (a) 648.N (b) 724.N © 832 @ 980N 16. A pipe of length 20 em is closed at one end. Which harmonic mode of the pipe is resonantly excited by 425 Hz source? The speed of sound = 340 ms"! (a) First harmonic (b) Second harmonic (c) Third harmonic (d) Fourth harmonic Apipe of length 20 em is open at both ends. Which harmonic mode ofthe pie is resonantly excited by a 1700 Hz source? The speed of sound = 340 ms". (a) First harmonic (b) Second harmonic (c) Third harmonic (d) Fourth harmonic 18. Two sitar suings 4 and B ae slightly out of tune and produce beats of frequency 6 Hz. When the tension in string 4s slighly decreased, the beet frequency is found to be redvced to 3 Iz Ifthe oviginal Hequency of is 324 He, what isthe frequency of B? 17, 19. 20. 21, 2, 23. 24, (@) 318 He () 321 Hz (©) 327 Hz (@) 330 Hz ‘A metal wire of diameter 1 mm is held on two knife edges separated by a distance of 50 em. The tension in the wire is 100 N. The wire vibrating with its fundamental frequency and a vibrating tuning fork together produce 5 beats per second. The tension in the wire is then reduced to 81 N. When the two are excited, beats are heard at the same rate. What is the frequency of the fork? (2) 90 Hz (0) 95 He (©) 100 Hz (@) 105 Hz ‘A submarine is fitted with a SONAR (Sound Navi- gation and Ranging) system which operates at an ultrasonic frequency of 42 kHz. An enemy subma- rine is moving towards the SONAR with a speed of 200 ms". Ifthe speed of sound in seawater is 1400 ms“, what is the frequency of sound received back at the SONAR fitted submarine after reflec~ tion from the enemy submarine? (@) 36 kite (0) 42 kita (6) 48 Kile (@) 56 kitz ‘A machine gun is mounted on a tank moving at speed of 20 ms“ towards a target with the gun pointing in the direction of motion of the tank The muzzle speed of the bullet equals the speed of sound = 340 ms". If, at the time of firing, the target is 500 m away from the tank, then (a) the sound arrives at the target later than the bullet (b) the sound arrives at the target ear bullet (©) both sound and bullet arrive at the target at the same time (@) the bullet will never arrive at the target. than the Out of the four choices given in Q. 21 above, choose the correct choice, if the gun points in a direction opposite to the direction of motion of the tank, Three sound waves of equal amplitudes have frequencies (v— 1), (¥) and (V+ 1). They superpose to give beats. The number of beats produced per second will be v @y w ¥ (e) 2 @ The speed of sound in hydrogen at STP is v. The speed of sound in a mixture containing 3 parts of hydrogen and 2 parts of oxygen at STP will be28, 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 3 > OF © viv Co) F ‘The speed of sound in hydrogen at STP is v. What is the speed of sound in helium at STP? @s os © 20 @ 20 Nine tuning forks are arranged in order of inereas- ing frequency. Each tuning fork produces 4 beats per second when sounded with either of its neigh- bours. If the frequency of the 9th tuning fork is twice that of the first, what is the frequency of the first tuning fork? (a) 32 He, (b) 40 Hz (©) 48 He (@) 56 Hz A sonometer wire of length 120 em is divided into three segments of lengths in the ratio of 1: 2 : 3. ‘What is the ratio of their fundamental frequencies? @3:2:1 () 4:2:1 (©) 5:3:2 @ 6:3:2 ‘A tuning fork produces 4 beats per second when sounded with a sonometer wire of vibrating length 48 cm. It produces 4 beats per second also when the vibrating length is 50 cm, What is the frequency of the tuning fork? (a) 196 Hz (b) 284 Hz (©) 375 Hz (@) 460 Hz ‘Two identical strings of a stringed musical instru- ‘ment are in unison when stretched with the same tension. When the tension in one string is increased by 1%6, the musician hears 4 beats per second. What was the frequency of the note when the strings were in unison? (a) 796 He (b) 800 Hz (©) 804 Hz (@) 808 Hz ‘Two identical flutes produce fundamental notes of frequency 300 Hz at 27°C. If the temperature of the air in one flute is increased to 31°C, the number of beats heard per second will be @1 (b) 2 3 @4 The wavelength of light of a particular wavelength received from a galaxy is measured on earth and is found to be 5% more that its wavelength. It follows that the galaxy is 32, 33. 34, 38, 36. (@) approaching the earth with a speed 3 x 10" mst (©) going away from the earth with a speed 3x 10" ms" (©) approaching the carh with a spood 1.5 x 107 ms (@ going away from the earth with a speed 15 x 107 ms"! Radiowaves of frequency 600 MHz are sent by a radar towards an enemy aircraft. The frequency of the radiowaves reflected from the aircraft as measured at the radar station is found to increase by 6 kHz. It follows that the aircraft is (@) approaching the radar station with a speed 155 kms" (©) going away from the radar station with a speed 1.5 kms" (©) approaching the radar station with a speed 3 kms (@ going away from the radar station with a speed 3 kms“, ‘An observer moves towards a stationary source of sound with a velocity one-tenth the velocity of sound, The apparent increase in frequency is (@) zer0 () 5% (©) 10% @ 0.1% ‘A wave represented by the equation y = a cos (ke = co) is superposed with another wave to form a stationary wave such that the point x= 0 is a node. ‘The equation of the other wave is (a) »’ =a sin (kx + ax) () »” =~ a cos (kx ~ a) ~ a cos (kx + @®) = a sin (kx ~ a) Ir, 1983 ‘Two wires of the same material and radii r and 2r are welded together end to end. The combination is used as a sonometer wire and kept under tension T. The welded point is mid-way between the two bridges. When stationary waves are set up in the composite wire, the joint is a node. Then the ratio of the number of loops formed in the thinner to thicker wire is (a) 2:3 (b) 1:2 (2:1 @ 5:4 A uniform rope of length 12 m and mass 6 kg hangs vertically from a rigid support. A block of mass 2 kg is attached to the free end of the rope. A transverse pulse of wavelength 0.06 m is produced in the lower end of the rope. What is the wavelength of the pulse when it reaches the top of the rope?37. 38. 39. 40. oe a. (a) 0.06 m (b) 0.03 m (c) 0.12 m (d) 0.09 m Bir, 1985 A tube closed at one end containing air, produces, ‘when excited, the fundamental note of frequency 512 Hz. Ifthe tube is open at both ends, the funda- ‘mental frequency that can be excited is (in Hz) (a) 1024 (b) 512 (©) 256 © 128 HEitr, 1986 ‘Two sound waves of equa intensity / produce beats. ‘The maximum intensity of sound produced in beats will be (@ 1 (©) Two travelling waves A sin (k(x + of] sin [ke - ef] are superposed on a string. The distance between adjacent nodes is () 41 (@) 12 et et @s OF = 5 OX OF Wir, 1992 Three waves of equal frequency having amplitudes 10 um, 4 hm and 7 pm arrive at a given point with a successive phase difference of 7/2. The amplitude of the resulting wave in jim is given by @7 (b) 6 5 @4 A transverse wave is represented by ye rain FE (er—a)} For what value of 2 is the maximum particle veloc- ity equal to twice the wave velocity?” (a) A=2 ny (w a= 28 @ a- Se @ A= my A train blowing its whistle moves with a constant velocity w away from the observer on the ground. The ratio of the actual frequency of the whistle to that measured by the observer is found to be 1.2. If the trains atrest and the observer moves away from itat the same velocity, the ratio would be given by (@) 051 () 1.25 (© 132 (@ 205 HI, 1993 43. An organ pipe P,, closed at one end vibrating in its first harmonic and another pipe P;, open at both ends vibrating in its third harmonic, are in resonance with a given tuning fork. The ratio of the lengths of P, and P, is @ () © @ Hr, 1988 44, The extension in a string, obeying Hookes’ law, is x. The speed of the wave in the stretched string is v, If the extension in the string is increased to 1.5 sz the speed of the wave in the string will be (a) 1.220 (b) 0.61 0 (c) 1.500 (d) 0.75 0 Hr, 1996 48. A travelling wave in a stretched string is described by the equation y= Asin (ke ~ ot) ‘The maximum particle velocity is ® () Ao oF do, : © % @ = Wr, 1997 46. A transverse sinusoidal wave of amplitude a, wave- length Aand frequency fis travelling on a stretched string. The maximum speed at any point on the string is 0/10, where v is the speed of propagation of the wave. If a= 10" mand v = 10 ms‘, then A. and fare given by (@ A=anxto?m, f= te oF () A= 102 m, f= 103 Hz (@) A= 109 m, f= 10 He @ a= 1 m, f= 28x 10" He oF itr, 1998 47. The ratio of the speed of sound in nitrogen gas to that in helium gas at 300 K is 2 D @ 5 © 5 3 v6 © > Oy itr, 1999 48. Two vibrating strings of the same material but lengths Z and 21 have radii 2r and r, respectively. They are stretched under the same tension. Both the49. 50. si. 82. strings vibrate in their fundamental modes, the one of fength Z with frequency v, and the other with frequency vy. The ratio v/v is given by (a2 4 8 @1 [7, 2000 ‘Two sounds of wavelengths 5 m and 6 m, travel- ling in a medium produce 10 beats per second, The speed of sound in the medium is (a) 300 ms (©) 350 ms! The frequencies of tuning forks A and B are respectively 3% more and 2% less than the fre- quency of fork C. When 4 and B are simultane- ously excited 5 beats per second are produced. The frequency (in Hz) of fork 4 is (a) 98 (b) 100 © 103 @ 10s ‘A metallic wire with tension T and at temperature 30°C vibrates with its fundamental frequency of 1 kHz, The same wire with the same tension but at 10°C temperature vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 1.001 kHz. The coefficient of linear expansion of the wire is (@ 2* 104°%C# () LS x 1048C# (©) 1x 104%" (@) 05 « 1048"! A knife-edge divides a sonometer wire into two parts. The fundamental frequencies of the two parts are v; and vs. The fundamental frequency of the sonometer wire when the knife-cdge is removed will be @ w+ vs © Fmt a vive © Wm oe A sonometer wire is stretched by a hanging metal bob. Its fundamental frequency is vj. When the bob is completely immersed in water, the frequency becomes V;. The relative density of the metal is v5 winV My (b) % y-Va ‘Two pulses in a stretched string whose centers are initially 8 cm apart are moving towards each other as shown in Fig. 14.8. The speed of each pulse is 2 ems. After 2 seconds, the total energy of the ) @ W-Va 55, 56. 57. 58. pulses will be (a) zero (b) purely kinetic (©) purely potential (@) partly kinetic and partly potential irr, 2001 Bom Fig. 148 A siren placed at a railway platform is emitting sound of frequency 5 kHz. A passenger sitting in a moving train A records a frequency of 5.5 kHz while the train approaches the siren, During his return journey in a different train B he records a frequency of 6.0 kHz while approaching the same siren. The ratio of the velocity of train B to that of train Ais (a) 242/252 (©) 516 (b) 2 (@) 11/6 Hir1, 2002 A sonometer wire resonates with a given tuning fork forming standing waves with five antinodes between the two bridges when a mass of 9 kg is suspended from the wire. When this mass is re- placed by a mass M, the wire resonates with the same tuning fork forming three antinodes for the same positions of the bridges. The value of Mis (@) 25 kg () S kg (©) 125 kg (@) (125) ke, HIT, 2002 A police van, moving at 22 ms”', chases a motor- cyclist. The policeman sounds his horn at 176 Hz, while both of them move towards a stationary si- ren of frequency 165 Hz, as shown in the figure. Police van Motoreydle Stationary siren @—2m' Om we s76H2 165 He If the motorcyclist does not observe any beats, his speed must be (take the speed of sound = 330 ms) (@) 33 mst (©) zero itr, 2003 In the experiment for the determination of the speed of sound in air using the resonance column, it is observed that 0.1 m of air column resonates with a tuning fork in the fundamental mode. When the59. 60. ol. 2. 63 64. length of the air column is changed to 0.35 m, the same tuning fork resonates with the first overtone. ‘What is the end correction? (@#) 0.0125 m (6) 0.025 m (©) 0.05 m (d) 0.075 m Hirt, 2003 ‘Transverse waves are generated in two uniform steel wires A and B of diameters 10° m and 0.5 x. 10" m respectively, by attaching their free end to a vibrating source of frequency 500 Hz. The ratio of the wavelengths if they are stretched with the same tension is 1 1 @s mt D5 rt ©@2 @ v2 Awire is stretched between two rigid supports with a certain tension. Itis observed thatthe wire resonates in the nth harmonic ata frequency of 420 Hz. The next higher frequency at which the wire resonates is 490 Hz. The value of mis (2 4 © 6 @8 The fundamental frequency of a sonometer wire increases by 6 Hz its tension is increased by 44%, keeping the length constant. The frequency of the wire is (a) 2412 (b) 30 Hz (©) 36Hz (@) 42Hz Which of the following functons represents a trav~ elling wave? Here a, b and c are constants (2) y= a1c0s (bx) sin (ct) (b) y= asin (bx) c0s (ct) (©) y=asin (bx + cf) ~a sin (bx et) (@) y=asin (bx + ct) A sonometer wire is vibrating with a frequency of 30 Hz in the fundamental mode. If the length of the wire is increased by 20%, the change in the frequency of the fundamental mode is (a) Sz (b) 10Hz (© 1sHz (@) 20Hz ‘An organ pipe P), closed at one end and containing 1 gas of density py is vibrating in its first harmonic. Another organ pipe P:, open at both ends and containing a gas of density p, is vibrating harmonic. Both the pipes are in resonance with a given tuning fork. If the compressibility of gases is equal in both pipes, the ratio ofthe lengths of P, and P, is 6s. 66. 67. 68. @t 1 fa @ tf © Bp. © Wo Wir, 2004 AA source of sound of frequency 600 Fiz is placed inside water. The speed of sound in water is 1500 ms”! and in air it is 300 ms". The frequency and wavelength of sound recorded by an observer who is standing in ar respectively are (a) 600 Hz, 0.5 m (b) 600 Hz, 2.5 m (c) 3000 Hz, 0.4m (d) 120 Hz, 2m Hit, 2004 In the resonance tube experiment for determining the speed of sound in air using a tuning fork of frequency 480 Hz, the first resonance was observed at 17.7 cm of air column and the second at 53.1 m. ‘The maximum possible error in the speed of sound inairis (b) 3 (a) 192 em s* (b) 96 cm s* (c) 64m s! (d) 48 ems Hi, 2005 A rod AB of length L is hung from two identical wires 1 and 2. A block of mass m is hung at point of the rod as shown in Fig. 14.9. The value of x so that a tuning fork excites the fundamental mode in wire 1 and the second harmonic in wire 2 is L @ oF © win als 2b o> We 1+} [—wie2 Fig. 149 ‘Two tuning forks, each of frequency v, move rela- tive toa stationary observer. One fork moves away from the observer with a speed u while the other fork moves towards him at the same speed. The speed of sound is v. If u << v, the observer hears beats of frequency(@) 2010 o 20m vu () on @ wD 69. ‘The vibrations of a string of length 60 em fixed at both ends are represented by = a 06 y= 4an( So 6 x9 where x and y are in em and fin second, The particle velocity at x = 7.5 em and r= 0.25 sis (a) zero (b) 10 cm st (@) (4x 96) em s Hr, 1985 70. A uniform rope of mass M hangs vertically from a rigid support. A block of mass mis attached to the free end of the rope. A transverse pulse of wave- length 2 is produced at the lower end of the rope. ‘The wavelength of the pulse when it reaches the top of the rope is (©) 100 ems @ (4a ©) (met) ma (%) @2 seins 71. A band playing music at a frequency fis moving towards a wall at a speed w. A motorist is following the band with the same speed uw. If vis the speed of sound, the beat frequency heard by the motorist is 2fu @sr ® io flusv) 2 a) © ow 72. A vibrating string of certain length L under a ten- sion T resonates with a mode corresponding to the first overtone (third harmonic) of an air column of length 75 cm inside a tube closed at one end. The string also generates 4 beats per second when ex- cited along with a tuning fork of frequency n. Now when the tension of the string is slighty increased the number of beats reduces to 2 per second. As- suming the velocity of sound in air to be 340 mis, the frequency m of the tuning fork in Hz is 2B. 14. 75. (a) 344 (b) 336 (c) 117.3 (d) 109.3 Ht, 2008 A transverse sinusoidal wave moves along a string in the postive x-direction at a speed of 10 cm s™! The wavelength of the wave is 0.5 m and its ampli- tude is 10 cm, At a particular time ¢, the snap-shot of the wave is shown in Fig. 14.10. The velocity of point P when its displacement is 5 em is y . Fig. 440 mie we 0) YS ) 3 jms (a) 02 (b) 307 wie we ©) ims ) “ims (o) 30 @) 50 Hit, 2009 A point mass is subjected to two simultaneous sinu- ta) = Aino 22). ig hit soidal displacement x,(0) = B sin(ar + 9) brings the mass to a complete rest. The values of B and ¢ are 3n 4x Os © a> Sx © © Bae @ 45 Mur, 2011 A police car with a siren of frequency 8 kHz is moving with uniform velocity 36 km/hr towards a tall building which reflects the sound waves. The speed of sound in air is 320 m/s. The frequency of the siren heard by the car driver is (a) 8.50 kHz. (b) 8.25 kHz (c) 7.75 kHz (d) 7.50 kHz wur,2011ANSWERS 1B. 1. 25, 31. 37. 43. 49. 55, 6. 67. 2B. - (a) . (@) () () (@) @ @ (b) (@) () () (@) @) 8 14. 20. 26. 32. 38. 44. 50. 56. 2. 68. 4. . (A) @ (b) @ (a) (a) b) (a) © (a) @ © () 3. (b) . (e) 15. 21. 27. 33. 39. 45. si. 87. 63. 9. 8. (a) (a) @ © @) (a) @ (b) (a) (a) (@) 4. (b) 10. (a) 16. (a) 22. (b) 28. (@) 34. ©) 40. (©) 46. (a) 52. (d) 58. (b) 64. (d) 70. (b) u. 17. 23. 29, 35, ai. 41. 53. 59, n. @ @ ) @ ) ) @ © @ @ @ @ 6. (c) 12. (a) 18. (a) 24. 30. (b) 36. (b) 42.) 48. (d) ‘54. (b) 60. (c) 66. (a) ‘72. (a)