Mechanics

Prepared by: Submitted to:

Name: Arun Baral Name: Mohan Basyal
Class: XII Department of Mathematics
Roll no: 2 Orient College
Date: 2079/11/16
 MECHANICS
Statics is actually the application of mathematics and basic
physics (Newton’s laws) to study forces in materials,
machines and structures.
The study of systems in which momentum does not change
is called statics, whereas dynamics involves the study of
changes in momentum.
Force is an external agent capable of changing a body's
state of rest or motion.
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion:
First Law: A particle originally at rest, or moving in a
straight line with constant velocity, will remain in this state
provided the particle is not subjected to unbalanced forces.
Second Law: A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F
experiences an acceleration that has the same direction as the
force and a magnitude that is directly proportional to the force.
If F is applied to a particle of mass m then: F = m. a

Third Law: To every action there is always opposed an equal

reaction, or the mutual forces of action and reaction between
two particles are equal, opposite and collinear.
Gravity equation
According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation,
gravitation is the force that attracts objects toward each other.
For objects relatively close to the Earth, this force is called
gravity, and its equation is:
F = mg
The major feature of this force is that all objects fall at the same
rate, regardless of their mass.

For falling body: a = g

For rising body: a = -g
In Inclined plane: a = gsinθ

Motion in straight line:

V= ds/dt & a = dv/dt
i. v = u + at
ii. s = ut + ½ at2
iii. v2 = u2 + 2as

Distance travelled in tth second

= Distance travel in t sec – distance travelled in (t-1) sec
2𝑡−1
=u+ .𝑎
2
Conservation of Linear Momentum
The principle of conservation of momentum states that if two
objects collide, then the total momentum before and after the
collision will be the same if there is no external force acting on
the colliding objects.
Initial momentum = m1u1 + m2u2
Final momentum = m1v1 + m2v2
So, according to the conservation of momentum,
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

Elastic collision:
Collision in which 2 bodies stick together and continue to move
as a unit after collision with a common velocity.
V= (m1v1 + m2v2) / (m1 + m2)