Mobile Computing Unit=-15 indeoduction : Invoduction 40 mobile computing Applications of mobile COmpucing enexations of mobtle Communication technologies . Mu Hiplexing SPread Spectrum “4c Protecois Soma Toma Fome come Introduction 4o Mobile Compucin Hans formation o¢ OF aay Othew vstve rt mobile Compudia wefers 40 a 4échnology. that ANors.s data, voice and video Via a less enabled device, i 1S Sree from - hi Physica \ The COmPude® ach 7 ey aving a Connection With a fixe4 Hine. . ole Concep! of mobile Computing “Can be clivided into 3 paris oun DEAD le: Mobile COmmuni cation 2! Mobile Haxdwowe 3+ Mob le software: * :8 -- a onsible for -the i Fromewore thal ts vese Specifies a 4x WOvk of mobile Computing technolog y- folk 4 : isteney and , ~celiabrly, The framework ensures the. consis devines ' ev ice OF Communication between fee nica ame {sls OF COmmunicatlon devices Such ag = : lhe ae bandwidth and Porlais NECESsoxcy 1, Protocois, sesvices a faciltole and Support the Stoded Mobile Communication Con be diviced re Obile ; i ‘obite : Mobtle Mol Fixed Fixed ot wes ob Wired Witeless | wired MOWeless, Us Fixed< edived: Desktop’ computes | e \ 2 5 wexs 2 Fined - witless: HIN Youder, Communication 40 plop : st HiftOongte, bluekooth waxes : 3+ Mobite_ Loived + ¥ MObile— voivetes 2 Mobile Haxd 7 consists thed con Og Of mobile devic. be used 49 Weceve (Oey a acess the sesvices Obi lity Ext- Sma Phones, es cor) device- Components laptops, Porfabie Pes, tablet pas, Personen Agta ASSisfantPr . ae 3° MObile Software > thed uns On mobile howd wore Tt isa prograr~ é th fh, i designed 40 deal Capacity sith the his is ‘ OVACIESISLCS “an Quicaments OF, mobile applications cs and wequir nhs bile ap Chayvact ti Wis ts the Operating Syslem Soe the appliance o¢ Mobile devices. This ts the heat o¢ Mobile systems Exe- ios, anawoid, Windords, blackbewey, Applications Of mobile co; Vehicles 2: Emergencies m™p tating 3: Travelling Satgnen ne RePlacement o¢ +e. > Enlevtatnme, CBusinessy 2 networks | at education” 6: Locadiog dependent Sttvices 1 Moblte ang Wieless devices = - Ih Vehiclegs pes ATransmiseion © news, 600d Condition Via Daw Persona, Communication SING ESO CG0b0. Sy Shem i fosth : Moblic Communications Fos; fon, Via FPS Ceobet Posit font ng System y : —1N0cay ad= hog Meteors worth Vehicles Giese een Preverd accidenls Guidance S¥ Stem, Fedandancy Veblcle dala AR be bansintileds: Mn. advance for ™MOin lenance, © Emme Cfess : 4o the hosprta, > ca : ieee OF Patient data ve i" } " ee | Current Stolus, Stest diagosis ‘ tag Card Of j eM Placement FO fixed jrproshructes Coxthquakes > i Osists - Wor. ,ne Peete, Sale smen Slomey files stored in ig —rdivéct access 40 a Cente, l0codion —rcbasistent databases fos an ages —+ MObile OF ce 4 Replacement OF fixed aetworks —71emole Sensors eg., Weather, earth AN e 5 —r flexibilly for dyade Shoos ; 7 CANS fa historic bu ildings " Entertoiament education — Outdoor Internet access — intet ‘gent travel gui che “ith, vps doxdadte location dependent Information, (+ ad-hoc network for muldeo user James: “6 (Ocodion hocats dependent Sesvice s SOre AWOKE Seavices "> FoMlor> Gr eee = (nfoemodion. Sewvices ee SoPport Sexvices an rand Privacy. 1% mobile and Wyyelessi — Pages —~ Poa Lees co 9 MOplop sy sis tnaikag emerge) —?'Moble Phones eo * bs ‘ 4 * 7 faimtop é seh ps ai TT Sensors devicesneodton technorog-., OF MObE COmmuNicedto °F Genexations i been made 5 Vesy huge impwoverients have ne Lotyeless Communication and have CxPanded the capabi\tHes o¢ LO Wwe (ess COmmunicgtion To Generation 2 Genevodion oe 2nd Generation ae aie Genexation ot Generation 6. 5” Generedfor roth Qereotion s Pre - mobs le oe n Such 4elephony tech Ology, Os wadio £ 4 y 20 e1gPhones- before the _ Sesiuva cetL Phones 30m Municodion Was POssibie though. Voice onty “These mobile | telephones cere Usuatty Mounted. in Cars by 2OOB. 24st Generation 3. = First time cautter was introduced - in. Moblte Sten a4 Used Anatog System that 6 PAs SmaiieTt hag MObile>—3No woamin VOKious _ OPerOto«s 1G + 24 Kbps (k 8+ aad Generation : 3 aN Shitted hom mnaiog” £0, < darter e241 Supported both vo AN Y Sectors antenne di ‘SUP Por ‘beteseen 10 SOund Qualtty, WO bYte Pex Second) ice and SMS Svpeorte, Of Wiretess arene ~“mobtie: dote: Mamety. cliottat. ean ios mobtie+ @, 4 Moderate : betley thar 4> Jenerotion 24 = 64 kbps. 26 Provided hgh data wate and loxge axe Coverage GPRs+eoq 7 2-5 : : , When. aeks.. Kehnoiogy i206 introduced tf énabie web brows! eMail Sexwices UPl0ad and down load - Speed 4 ard Generations The betles System Of internet imPsoved Version beter system ana Cay Seed — falernet» \ Speech =2mbps fast pacity . Vo-tte CVOtee Ovex LTEY ts for both Voice \ ‘and the interned,’ £ ey lexibility. to Setec | br do and Flext desired Sesvice “bth, weasonable Qos, _— High Usability 7 Suppods mutlimediac sexvce Ot O& 1On9 : LAN SmiSSiOn cost ee HO Quoltty Stream a Speed - l0Ombps sit access sMob: le telephony, “ th iS used fox mobile web ty 7E NOUS ‘computing Sn ee 65 Genexation TTT is Yel 40 Come RW Many ° countries bet notable . POimts about 5G. cere Highes dale Votes : whexe Ase Some — Conmec KVity Low be moxe ion aNd mowe 1 Secare — Data Latency pon ‘be © way to &Freat level : 7 Massive Network Capacity hoe is 0 Hines fastee> than 4 rs There “routs be Move, Plexi Kelty ire the “Mle tioovn Tits high Suppostive tye, Mel ess world Loid Web mex 0 cleclron;,. “MUM plex? , Ae area op © es wm OA gare bile COMPU, ang sq \ Processing. In Obi 4 oN no } NEL Oxk g tete com *cadions and COmpidey: ‘ : ele mun oe ae KP le xt q isa Methoa that Can ed to Muik xta. : ce Combine mattiple ANAOG Ow. de egita ‘Gnats in ig al Over & Shoxed Me dein into one ‘Qn Otis 308 wasting this method isto The matin. at " Shore a Scarce ¥€ Source Exes You. can see aisea! Nhe exampie og maltiplex; feo the fle Communicadlty fon ples where Several deiephané catis may be Cossied sig One. cones Multiple xing 2s caso: C2 eel Mi A The? thes. Motive behind PUM Plextag a z to POV de Simpie ang easy Communi cats, - Pro : Pex Se souxce Shasing Od Ah ged fom This Ls the Uti Recand wmite gy SOurce equally, aimpuel — Multipte devices & hts(pyequency division multiplexing y °> FOM 2 , Tom. ‘(time divistoa. Multiple xtag) 1eTOM. : 3-com. ( code RVi ston Muti Plextng ) %e SPM Cspace diviston MHIEEP Le xing) b EDM (frequency divistoe multiplexing . : hnotogy . —FDmM 4s Mnhexently oon anatog techn Oy AS the name Specifies fa Eom, the brequiney dimension Spectsim is Sples into Smatien frequency bands 7 Combines Severo. SMatier . Sistincs : brequeney Sanges Signas i and Sends ther oO It FOM, the Stats. 4 = AP Plicatioa's: fo Bee 2 = Hosttiona! ¥Ad79 — dteieviston into Oe MesiE vere a Singte Meds ional Sinai vey, Slecdrica, =) broad Sieg eo TmaLmobile eth ses : 7 Th Choe)” ‘ : ; : Be ‘ ‘ WY dees oe beta :Advontages uistoe ment Plexing vist — The concep OF frequency ; ne 0 \ 4o ‘both Analog STFNAIS | ; APP lives 2 SiGrais ee S Facitpotes you 40 Sénd Multiple Feats = mt We Simuttaneousty Wit Tra ao Singie San vat, disadvantages “Tttis less plextbte — the ban d width wastage. may be biog OSagp « —Tused' in Od0 and tele viston eas CASEY SHotiong Calle TW, eto \ = Tome (time Viton. mustiptextagy: in Tom As ‘On Agi tal Ow ANDO technoiog, (thet wees Heme instead Of Speice ow brequeney 40 SCrasate the die Cexend ode. Streams, Vs wsed tps Bt Sfecific a Of time ta, phi ch. the T+ hele Settee The time byames ©} ithe Same mlexvaigs ewe se Nide d SO thant YOu Com a entire beQueng,Bavant ages ; Tt facil tates a Single Osex od A dime — lk ts less complicated and has ce: more flexible Oxchitecluve disadvantage s Tk isn't easy to implement Usoge, —alt is meinty Used. cite telephonic Sed vice 5 Be CDM Ceode disor mull{Plexing J TMaAuols @ unique code to every Channel So thot e SLY. .. ~ each Of these -chandets dad use the Sa me Spe ctricoy »Simuttaneousty At the Same dimes : Advantages a highty € feccten4 TH faces pewee inferences o disadvan Se ae datod tran Smit ssion. — SOmple x Sie, USOGe 2 T used fr cen (26@ SGetc) . : te SPM CSPace division MUP le xing : Tt is a Combination of brequency ANistow: | Muutiplexing and TDM , tL Passes .messages/ dota. paratles, Lott the Use Of SPecthic vote 1S low Phone SPectrune technoiog y oe ei F ict b8equency ata Specific + ri meansa Paxticuay Channey boi be used against a oe Bie irBbeenccy bind for Some? amount % Ling| Aavontoges, : ~ythe dada transmission _vede ts high c MNAaXKt ied Tre and freauency bands at Us ai Ue, | Polentict | digad Vontages: —) tnperence May OC eer : TT. T+ paces hign ‘Terence losses Usage z oF : = used warsry : aS Spread “Spectra : : gi ‘ - ss | SPread Sree ats teehooingy t ‘prober- ° fo _ Exansmi.sst on | brequeacy “aeeendily bang Sigoas ber Sheet on: Of the interference | Studion: : SPréad the band Stgaar USing & SPecta code Psotecton Against Narrow band interference fading | Can. wipe Oud naxtony Nossxon> bangs Signals | ay oO. brOad Side efpects : CORK: stence Of Severe Signals. ese dari COOrdinaton i ° = tap. Proog Pipher Sig i Alternatives: E i jh rhage be yt vect Sequence, 'prequeney hopping0 ding and intertherenc eftects b Spreading ey perverts \) : () peepee 2 Sendec fi User Signa KE broadband interpaces Noxrowbang interpace Spreading and brequency Sctective pading Channel Quality 5) ; VAxrowkand “Juord brequency: SiG na) Space i ieee Quality ¢ : Spread: brequency » SpectrDixect Sequence Spread SPectrum es \ | | | *0R OL the Signo! phos PseubXandom paper Cohip ping Sequence) : ° ‘ic eles ii Tt many chips Pex bit sesutd Ww higher wae lth. 4 the Sig nos Advantage $? jae ie, duces prequency Seiective hacking Sr ire COUUIOS netLWoorkis :s base stodions Can use the.Same frequency Yange Severo} 7 cia sgt Stations con detect and SecOVe, ? sot i handover Disadvontage S —> Precise POwex COntrol neessasy ze th ——— ae uSer dado OR, : i te chip ping OB yj toll (oy. Sequence eSANg SH9na\ d OW\0 10 N0o0loVvedrug frequency hopping Spread SPec Oi Savete chonge s O, Caxties frequency a vi, ~Y S€huence Of fuequency changes delesmined Via PseuclO sandom umber Sequence Too Version: * —Tpast hopping: Several frequencies User bi ee NOP ing. Severai Pavantage ge fiequenc Setective fading in Celluiar Nedworg, a SoH hand ONex disaa vantages: = Usex bils Per preduency — Pwecise’ Cowes Control Necessosy Rass methnas SDMalEDMa/ To hal coma Dspmea me Segment Space inlo Sectors fe : » USe Sivecte . sen Shp : he ected Ankone Mattipte acess techniques Tt atinds many mobrte uses “40 Shase fintte amount a Ch Od SPeclnm: ia eppretend Monnes, — dependin upor = Aether there CxS Any Conp lick et 2 fous us. o¢ ‘ot among thee, Jose es z dechwique We can Classipy Matlipte access intd 2 Was.< congliett \ Contention based oO ao 2 Qntention less 0 ¥ conglicd pe Spme —7 used bor ta Wireless netWoorks auocating o Seporoted Space 10 users tn Channetzadion We have 4o Provide .. intexfar@ince ‘Wmtled envionment or intesference pree enNivonmend bor the Users AJho WAnt fo. fransmile in common medium for” veshiett ‘ng the “inter medium -3 COndtlipas: we have 40 pono Re have 4o limit thad node 40, US Should have vansmite d i oe “hese: Soars, Mite e Shouid lint any 2 users Shouldnt Use | ee Prep reney bandac : by We Shourd mit “thot no oe users Should transmit tthe Same’ ee pack he Severs ' USe¢ ‘Sie by using sot bear. | Anlénnas a tyPical application | invowes 285 gery on Optimal base Sled on: doo mobrie Phone user ama bad pudtoxe adaptive energy in the dvectow ee eniiiens. Oh mabe yenisas Spe antennas Simuoneousy steerSO\utions With: Soma : ould Ysea it Posstbie Sdiuttone 13 tht the Bs a Spatial. Hles jor each usec bor the, each User fo, itigod that adaplive antennas promise 10 mitigate Sevexse lene Probiéms + ‘ 7 iw the Vientting case oF inginifesimal bear — noiddh and infiniay fost dracte billy, adapt ive Antenna Can implement Optima SoMa, there by Provide usiaue — Chaaner the ts free fOr interference. : : Y poith the heip oF Aderlive antenna System ou USer communi cote at Same time usin tthe Same - Chaane; ad can trace OPED eo? “indtviduer Mulls Poth: _Componc al Of au Uses Gisadvantage eae Perbeed adap dive conteana. is nol Jeasigis because ‘ —> infinttety lotge antenna needed — "Com Prise Needed Cgatn, SNze and avec ty (ty) Tome ee Ss Time dwiston Mauitfpie Xcces: 7 €ach Usey cam ACdese to Chonnel wa “-eouads”reach use gels Hxed length Slot Clength 8equive Heing synekro nization A pp Koodo. + =) 2 = ication = Gsm (globat System for ee communication } Sr NSE NSE: : : — Persona —7 iDeN FOMA:; Channet Spectrum civideot into WUMbex of Overtapr% Digitar “Cétulox non = "9 frequincy bands “th Some Guard bard Gach Station assigned... fixed prsicierie y Ean Each channes OCcupies the: Sone pagienc ORE SZ, , the time. : Recetver ‘Shoal tune 40 the Same prequeney bana” 40 eceive the Signal -’ 1] q by | soe a ~AW the Users can tronsmit aed information au the time without waiting foc there ten CO-ordinotion ts XeQuvred —T No dynamic 4 Bis Advantages (78 Hexibie ang tmeppictend 4 Chornel (ad 1S dynam And” “Une td Pon lnlecference 2S Pre Sent + 77 Adjacend Channe\ © Applications , Each Channey Gets o- band % be Quenctes Sed ie tyaditionas Fodia, TW ete ik 7 FDMA fs aso Present in Voriong Wireless Commu SHardawas such as Amps, CT2, DE etc. -coma . cy but each user hess AU Uses the Same breauency US Orn Chipping Sequence ve code 40 encode he dato Encoding, Encoded Signa\ = Chip ping Sequence )x (original data) Pecoding, lanee Product OF encoded Signai and Chip ein oy Sequence. on co exists ana ore Allows Multiple User to b transmits Simuttancou ery ttth muttipie ine ference -F 7 ‘fand o my if the Codes ave oxthogonar dy cack othe Coch Stodion dronsmntts Ovex the entire Speckum 1) the time but ave not Josbled. : Mulliple Stmuitareous dransmissiOn oct S€powcded “ GSing coding thea @ AISGE odvordoge 2 Phandiidth Eliictert- Code SPace tg hope, = Amo POSE IbIe 45 3 Ge longer CoPoecity ang d sodvor-tager \ 7 more Complex Si4nol *egenccaion T*mpiementey Using Spread Spectrum FOLD POEL COnsumadton,APP cakt on ‘tasty > : S54 8S Wsed jolreless (brood ast omerets eh as Céllutes, Satelitte ete ‘ cdma ‘has Méged with Gsm lechndogy 10 Be a hy Speed +G ox ITE internet .gesuice "Sh Coma is used In 45 weoma; Gdra 2000 ee | | | |