Chapter 6(12 Marks)

2 Marks
1.List four file modes in python
Ans:
•r
• rb
• r+
• rb+
•w
• wb
• w+
• wb+
•a
• ab
• a+
• ab+
2. Explain open() and close() methods for opening and closing a file.
Ans:
 open():The open() function is used to open a file and returns a file object.
 close():The close() method of a file object flushes any unwritten information and closes the file
object.
3.Write use of try:finally block with Syntax.
Ans:
Use: The finally block, if specified, will be executed regardless if the try block raises an error or not.
Syntax:
try:
# Some Code....
except:
# optional block
# Handling of exception (if required)
else:
# execute if no exception
finally:
# Some code .....(always executed)
4. Describe print() functions with example.
Ans:
Use:
The print() function is used to display output to the console or standard output device.
Example:
print("Hello, World!")
print("apple", "banana", "orange", sep=", ")
5. Give the syntax and significance of input() method.
Ans:
Use: The input() method in Python is used to read input from the user through the console or
command line.
Syntax:
variable_name = input(prompt)
6.State the use of read() and readline() function in python file handling mechanism.
Ans:
 read(): The read() function is used to read the entire content of a file as a string.
 readline():The readline() function reads a single line from the file.
7. State the use of write() and writeline() function in python file handling mechanism.
Ans.
 write():The write() function is used to write a string to a file.
 writeline():The writelines() function is used to write a sequence of strings to a file.
4 Marks
1. Explain with an example, how to rename or delete File or Directory.
Ans:
 Renaming File:
For renaming file in Python, the rename() method is used. For that purpose, it is required to import the
module
Example:
import os
os.rename(r'd:\test1.txt',1'D:\test2.txt')
print("File is renamed")
 Deleting File
For removing the file, we use remove method belonging
to the os module.
Example:
import os
os.rename('d:\test1.txt')
print("File is removed")
2. Explain exception handling with example using try, except, raise keywords.
Ans:
 An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of program that disrupts the normal
flow of the program.
 In general, when python script encounters situation that it cannot cope with, it raises an exception.
Example:
try:
x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if x == 0:
raise ValueError("Zero is not allowed")
result = 10 / x
print("Result:", result)
except ValueError as ve:
print("ValueError occurred:", ve)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
except Exception as e:
print("An error occurred:", e)
else:
print("No exceptions occurred")
finally:
print("Finally block executed")
3. Explain how to create a user defined exception with an example.
Ans:
 Although standard exceptions in Python provide adequate functionality, It is advantageous to
create user defined exception.
 With user defined exception, one can add the desired information to the exception handlers.
Example:
class NegativeNumberError(Exception):
def __init__(self, message="Number cannot be negative"):
self.message = message
super().__init__(self.message)
def process_number(num):
if num < 0:
raise NegativeNumberError("Negative numbers are not allowed")
else:
print("Number processed successfully")
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
process_number(num)
except NegativeNumberError as e:
print("Error:", e)
4. Write a python program which will throw exception if the value entered by user is less than
zero.
Ans.
class NegativeNumberError(Exception):
def __init__(self, message="Number cannot be negative"):
self.message = message
super().__init__(self.message)
def process_number(num):
if num < 0:
raise NegativeNumberError("Negative numbers are not allowed")
else:
print("Number processed successfully")
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
process_number(num)
except NegativeNumberError as e:
print("Error:", e)
5. Write a python program to read contents of first.txt file and write same content in second.txt
file.
Ans:
try:
with open("first.txt", "r") as first_file:
content = first_file.read()
with open("second.txt", "w") as second_file:
 second_file.write(content)
print("Content copied from 'first.txt' to 'second.txt' successfully.")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: One or both files not found.")
except IOError:
print("Error: Unable to read from or write to the file.")
except Exception as e:
print("An error occurred:", e)
6. Explain seek() and tell() functions for file pointer manipulation.
Ans
i. seek():
 The seek() function is used to move the file pointer to a specific position within the file.
 It takes two arguments: the offset and the optional whence parameter.
Syntax:
file_object.seek(offset, whence)
ii. tell():
 The tell() function returns the current position of the file pointer within the file.
 It returns an integer representing the byte offset from the beginning of the file.
Syntax:
file_object.tell()
7. Explain following python functions:
Ans.
i. getcwd():This function returns a string representing the current working directory of the Python
process.
ii. mkdir():It is used to create a new directory (folder) with the specified name.
iii. chdir():It is used to change the current working directory to the one specified.
iv. listdir():It is used to list all the files and directories in the specified directory.
8. Write a program to open a file in write mode and append some contents at the end of file.
Ans.

with open("example.txt", "a+") as file:

file.write("\nThis content is appended at the end of the file.")
print("Content has been appended to the file.")