UGANDA CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION

SENIOR THREE MATHEMATICS

TERM II
TOPIC #12: CIRLES
Parts of a circle
1.
𝑀𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑆𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

 A segment is a part of a circle formed by a chord and its arc.

2.
𝑀𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

 A sector: Is a part of a circle formed by two radii and the arc

between them.
3.

𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒

450
𝐴 𝐵

 The word subtends means to make up something like an angle by

extending lines from parts of the circle.

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 From the above diagram the arc AB subtends an angle of 450 at the
Centre of the circle.

Lengths

 We can find various lengths from the circle using

Pythagoras theorem or trigonometry.
22
 For ordinary calculations we should use 𝜋 = 3.14 𝑜𝑟 𝜋 = .
7
Examples:
1. The diagram below shows a circle Centre O with a
̅̅̅̅. ̅̅̅̅
chord𝑋𝑌 𝑂𝑋=5cm and ∠𝑂𝑋𝑌 = 280 .
Calculate:
(a) The lengths of the chord XY
(b) The distance between the chord XY and the Centre
of the circle.

𝑂
5𝑐𝑚
𝑋 280
𝑌

Solution

𝑂
5𝑐𝑚
𝑋 280
𝑀 𝑌

Let M be the mid-point of ̅̅̅̅

𝑋𝑌.
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 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑂𝑌
𝑂𝑋 ̅̅̅̅̅(both radii)

⟹ ∆𝑂𝑋𝑌 is isosceles
̅̅̅̅̅ = 𝑀𝑌
⟹ 𝑋𝑀 ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ = 2𝑋𝑀
⟹ 𝑋𝑌 ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ = 5 cos 280
⟹ 𝑋𝑀
= 5 × 0.883
= 4.415
∴ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 = 2 × 4.415
= 8.83𝑐𝑚

𝑋𝑌 and O is ̅̅̅̅̅
(b) The distance between ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑀
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑀 = 5 sin 280
= 5 × 0.469
= 2.345𝑐𝑚
2. The following figure shows a circle Centre O and
radius 5cm.Chord AB subtends an angle of 1000 at the
Centre. Calculate the length of chord AB. (7.66cm)

𝑂
5𝑐𝑚 5𝑐𝑚
1000
𝐴
𝐵

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 3. A chord of a circle is 3.2cm from the Centre of the
circle. Given that the radius of the circle is 5cm.
Calculate the length of the chord. (7.68cm)
Note:
(i)A perpendicular from the Centre of the circle bisects a
chord.
(ii)The perpendicular bisectors of a chord passes through
the Centre of the circle. This fact is used to locate the
Centre of a circle given any two chords of the circle.
Area of sectors and segments:

 Consider an arc AB subtending an angle 𝜃 too the Centre

of a circle with radius r.

𝑂
𝑟 𝜃 𝑟

𝐴 𝐵

𝜃
 Area of the minor sector AB = 𝜋𝑟 2 cm2
360
 If the line AB is drawn to form minor segment AB, its area is
obtained as follows;

𝑂
𝑟 𝜃 𝑟

𝐴 𝐵

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 Area of minor segment AB = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵.
𝜃 1
=( 𝜋𝑟 2 − 𝑟 2 sin 𝜃) 𝑐𝑚2
360 2

𝜃
 The length of the minor arc AB is given by: 𝐿 = (2𝜋𝑟)
360
Examples:
1. Find;
(a) the radius of a circle of radius 4.2cm (55cm2)
(b) the radius of a circle of area 690𝑐𝑚2 (15cm)
2. In the diagram, O is the Centre of the circle with radius 7𝑐𝑚.
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 300 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 800 .
(a) Calculate the area of the shaded sector.
(b) Calculate the area of the shaded segment.
𝐷

7𝑐𝑚 𝑂 800
𝐴
300
𝐶

𝐵
Solution
𝜃
(a) Area of the sector = 𝜋𝑟 2
360
300 22
= × × 72
360 7
= 12.83𝑐𝑚2
80
(b) Area of sector ODC = × 72
360
= 34.2𝑐𝑚2
1
Area of triangle ADC = × 72 × sin 800
2
= 24.1𝑐𝑚2
Area of the segment = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑂𝐷𝐶 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑂𝐷𝐶
= 34.2 − 24.1

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 = 10.1𝑐𝑚2
3. The figure below shows a circle Centre O, Chord AB subtends an
angle 700 at the Centre of the circle. Given that the area of sector
AOB is 22cm2, calculate;
(a) The radius of the circle.
(b) The area of the shaded region correct to 2 decimal places.
22
(𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 7
)

𝑂
𝑟 𝑟
700
𝐴 𝐵

Solution
𝜃
(a) Area of sector = 𝜋𝑟 2
360
70 22 2
⟹ 22 = × ×𝑟
360 7
⟹ 𝑟 = 6𝑐𝑚
1
(b) Area of ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵 = × 62 sin 700
2
= 16.71𝑐𝑚2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑂𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵
= 22 − 16.91
= 5.09𝑐𝑚2

Area of a common region between two circles:

Examples
1. The figure below shows two circles centres P and Q
and radii 8cm and 10cm respectively. The circles
intersect at R and S. The common chord RS is 6cm

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 long and lines PQ and SR are perpendicular to each
other. Calculate the area of the shaded part.
(Take 𝜋 = 3.142)
𝑅
8𝑐𝑚 10𝑐𝑚
𝜃
𝑃 𝑀 𝛽
𝑄
8𝑐𝑚
10𝑐𝑚
𝑆

Solution
PQ is the perpendicular bisector of RS.
∴ 𝑅𝑀 = 𝑀𝑆 = 3𝑐𝑚
Extracting triangle PRS as shown
𝑅
8𝑐𝑚
3𝑐𝑚
𝜃
𝑃 𝑀

3𝑐𝑚

𝑆
3
In ∆𝑃𝑅𝑀, sin 𝜃 = , 𝜃 = 22.020
8

Now ∠𝑅𝑃𝑆 = 2 × 𝜃

= 2 × 22.02

= 44.040

For sector PRS:

𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑅𝑆 − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑃𝑅𝑆

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 44.04 1
= × 3.142 × 82 − × 82 × sin 44.040
360 2

= 24.60 − 22.25

= 2.35𝑐𝑚2
3
Similarly; In ∆𝑄𝑅𝑀; sin 𝛽 = ; 𝛽 = 17.460
10

But ∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 = 2𝛽 = 2 × 17.46 = 34.920

For sector QRS:

𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑄𝑅𝑆 − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑄𝑅𝑆

34.92 1
= × 3.142 × 102 − × 102 × sin 34.920
360 2

= 30.48 − 28.62

= 1.86𝑐𝑚2

Total shaded area = 2.35 + 1.86

= 𝟒. 𝟐𝟏𝒄𝒎𝟐

2. The diagram below shows two circles Centres A and B and radii
10cm and 12cm respectively. The two circles intersect at C and
D. The common chord CD is 8cm long and lines CD and AB are
perpendicular to each other.

10𝑐𝑚 12𝑐𝑚

𝐴 𝜃 𝑀 𝛽
𝐵

10𝑐𝑚 12𝑐𝑚

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 (a) Determine the size of;
(i) angle CAD (47.160)
(ii) angle CBD (38.940)
(b) Calculate to 2 decimal places the area of the shaded region.
(8.19)
3. The diagram below shows two circles Centres A and B and radii
6cm and 8cm respectively. The two circles intersect at C and D.
The common chord CD is 7cm long and lines CD and AB are
perpendicular to each other.

6𝑐𝑚 8𝑐𝑚

𝐴 𝜃 𝑀 𝛽
𝐵

6𝑐𝑚 8𝑐𝑚

(c) Determine the size of;

(iii) angle CAD (71.360)
(iv) angle CBD (51.880)
(d) Calculate to 2 decimal places the area of the shaded
region.(9.16cm2)

Sample questions #01

1. Find the circumference of a circle of;
(a)radius 11.7cm (b) diameter 2.5cm
2. Find the diameter of a circle of circumference
(a) 32cm (b) 45mm
3. Find the length of the minor arc in each of the diagrams given
below; O is the Centre of the circle.

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 (a) (b) (c)

10𝑚𝑚
𝑂
4𝑐𝑚 1200 𝑂 𝑂 90
300 1.6𝑚

4. Find the radius of a circle of area;

(a) 49𝑐𝑚2 (b) 120𝑐𝑚2 (c) 8.3 × 104𝑐𝑚2
22
5. The wheels of a bicycle have a diameter of 70cm. Taking 𝜋 = .
7
Find the distance travelled by the bicycle when the wheels turn
through 3000
6. Find the area of the shaded sector in each of the following
diagrams given below; Centre O of the circle.
(a) (b)

𝑂
𝑂 1080
200
5𝑚 7𝑐𝑚

7. A circular well of radius 1m has a circular pavement of radius

3m around it (see diagram)

3𝑚
1𝑚

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 (a) Calculate the area of the pavement
(b) If the cost of construction was sh.800 per square metre.
Find to the nearest sh.100 how much it cost to construct
the pavement.
8. The figure below shows a circle Centre O, Chord AB subtends an
angle 700 at the Centre of the circle. Given that the area of sector
AOB is 88cm2, calculate;
(c) The radius of the circle.
(d) The area of the shaded region correct to 2 decimal places.
22
(𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 7
)

𝑂
𝑟 𝑟
700
𝐴 𝐵

9. The figure below shows a circle Centre O and radius 5cm. The
area of sector ORS is15.71cm2. Calculate;
(a) The size of angle ROS
(b) The area of the shaded part correct to 2 decimal places.
(Take 𝜋 = 3.142)

𝑅
5𝑐𝑚

𝜃 𝑂

5𝑐𝑚
𝑆

10. The diagram shows a square inside a circle of diameter 14cm.

22
Find the area of the shaded region. Take 𝜋 = .
7

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 14𝑐𝑚

11. The diagram below shows a rectangle of 8units long and 6

units wide and two equal arcs. The radius of each arc is 4units.

4 4
(a) Calculate the shaded area.
(b) What is the probability that a point chosen at random inside the
rectangle lies in the shaded area.
12. Find the area of the shaded segment in diagram below.

9𝑐𝑚 1200

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Angle properties of a circle:

1. 𝑃

∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 900
𝐴 𝐵
𝑂

 The angle in a semicircle is a right angle.

2.
𝑎 𝑏 ∠𝑎 = ∠𝑏

𝐶 𝐷

 All angles at the circumference in the same segment are equal.

3. 𝑃

2𝑎

𝐴 𝐵

 The angle at the Centre is twice the angle at the circumference

(where both angles are subtended by the same arc)
4. Cyclic Quadrilateral: This is a four sided polygon inside a circle
with all four vertices on the circumference.

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 In this case the quadrilateral is also said to be inscribed in the
circle.

𝑐
𝑎

𝑑 𝑒

 Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral add up to 1800 .

From the diagram above;
e is an external angle.
𝑏 + 𝑑 = 1800 (Opp ∠𝑠 in a quadrilateral)
𝑎 + 𝑐 = 1800 (Opp ∠𝑠 in a quadrilateral)
𝑒 + 𝑑 = 1800 (∠𝑠 on a straight line)
 The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the opposite
interior angle. ∠𝑒 = ∠𝑏
5.

𝑐
𝑎

𝑏 𝑑 𝑓

 The angle between a tangent and a chord is equal to any angle

made by that chord in the alternate segment of the circle. Thus for
the above diagrams 𝑎 = 𝑏, 𝑐 = 𝑑, 𝑒 = 𝑓

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6.
𝐴

2𝑦
2𝑥

𝐵 𝐷
𝑦

𝐶
 Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary,
∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 + ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 1800 and
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 1800
7. Equal chords subtend equal angles at the circumference of the
circle. They also subtend equal angles at the Centre of the circle.

(i) (ii)
𝐹 𝐴

𝑂
𝐸 𝐵
𝐷

𝐵 𝐷
𝐶
𝐶

From the diagram (i) ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 = ∠𝐶𝐹𝐷

From the diagram (ii) ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷

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8.

𝐴 𝐵

 The angle between the tangent to a circle and the radius through
the point of contact is a right angle.

Examples:

1. Find the size of the marked angle. O is the Centre of the circle.
(i) (ii) (iii)
𝑎
500 𝑂
𝑏
𝑐
600 380

Solution
(i) 𝑎 = 500 (angles in the same segment)
(ii) 𝑏 + 600 = 1800 (Opp ∠𝑠 of a cyclic quadrilateral)
𝑏 = 1200
(iii) 𝑐 = 2 × 380 (c is the angle at the Centre)

𝑐 = 760

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2. In the diagram, TPQ and TS are tangents to the circle Centre O,
∠𝑄𝑃𝑅 = 200 . Find;
(a) Angle x
𝑆
(b) Angle y
(c) Angle z 𝑥
𝑂

𝑧 𝑇
𝑦
𝑅
200 𝑃
𝑄

Solution
(a) TPQ is a tangent and RP is a chord
Hence ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅 = ∠𝑃𝑆𝑅 (angles in alt segment)
But ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅 = 200 ; ∠𝑃𝑆𝑅 = 𝑥
∴ 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎
(b) ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 is a diameter.
Hence ∠𝑅𝑃𝑆 = 900 (angle in a semicircle)
But 𝑥 = 200
𝑦 + 200 + 900 = 1800
∴ 𝒚 = 𝟕𝟎𝟎
(c) ∠𝑇𝑃𝑆 = 𝑦 = 700 (angle in alt segment)
But 𝑇𝑃 = 𝑇𝑆 (tangents from external point)
Hence triangle TPS is isosceles
∠𝑇𝑆𝑃 = 700
𝑧 = 1800 − (700 + 700 )
= 400

3. In the figure below ABC is a tangent to the circle at B. Given that

𝐸𝐵 = 𝐵𝐷 and ∠𝐸𝐵𝐷 = 660 . Find ∠𝐴𝐵𝐸.

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 𝐸 𝐷

660
𝐴 𝐶
𝐵
Solution
∠𝐴𝐵𝐸 = ∠𝐵𝐷𝐸 (angles in alt segment)
∠𝐵𝐸𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝐷𝐸 (base angles of an isosceles triangle)
∠𝐵𝐷𝐸 + ∠𝐵𝐸𝐷 + 660 = 1800 (angle sum of a triangle)
2∠𝐵𝐷𝐸 + 660 = 1800
2∠𝐵𝐷𝐸 = 1140
∴ ∠𝐵𝐷𝐸 = 570
∴ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐸 = 570
4. Find the values of m and n in the figure below

4𝑛

3𝑚

5𝑛 600

Solution
4𝑛 + 5𝑛 = 1800 (Opp ∠𝑠 of a cyclic quadrilateral)
𝑛 = 200
3𝑚 + 1200 = 1800 (Opp ∠𝑠 of a cyclic quadrilateral)
𝑚 = 200
5. In the figure below DAE is a tangent to the circle Centre O. If
∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 500 . Find ∠𝑂𝐶𝐴.

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 𝐶

𝐵
𝑂

500
𝐷 𝐴 𝐸
Solution

∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 500 (angles in alt segment)

∠𝐶𝑂𝐴 = 2 × ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 (angle at Centre is twice angle at the

circumference)

= 1000
1800 −1000
∠𝑂𝐶𝐴 =
2

= ∠𝑶𝑪𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎

Sample questions #02

Throughout this exercise, state briefly between brackets the

properties that you use to find the solution.
1. Find the marked angles in the diagrams below. O is the Centre of
the circle.
(a) (b) (c)

𝑎 950

𝑂 𝑂 𝑏
590
0 𝑐
104

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 (d) (e)
𝑔

𝑒
𝑂
𝑑 1000 𝑓
300
630

2. Find the marked angles. TP is a tangent touching the circle at P

and O is the Centre of the circle.
(a) (b) 𝑇
𝑃
𝑑 𝑓

𝑎 300 𝑒
𝑐
𝑂
560
𝑏

3. In the diagram, O is the Centre of the circle. ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵 = 250 . Find

∠𝐴𝐶𝐵
𝐵

250 𝐶
𝐴

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4. Find the angle marked x and y.

1200 𝑦

800 𝑥

5. In the diagram. O is the Centre to a circle. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 350 . Find

∠𝑂𝐴𝐵. 𝐶

350

𝐴
𝐵

̅̅̅̅ are tangents to a circle, Centre O. ∠𝑃𝑇𝑄 = 500 . Find

̅̅̅̅ and 𝑇𝑄
6. 𝑇𝑃
∠𝑃𝑂𝑄.
𝑃 𝑇
500

7. If, in question 6 ̅̅̅̅ 𝑇𝑃 = 12𝑐𝑚, calculate

̅̅̅̅
(a) 𝑂𝑃 (b) ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑇 (c) 𝑃𝑄̅̅̅̅
8. In the diagram, JKLM is a cyclic quadrilateral JMN is a straight
line. 𝐿𝑀̅̅̅̅ = 𝑀𝑁
̅̅̅̅̅ and ∠𝑀𝑁𝐿 = 410 . Find the angle JKL.

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 𝐾

410
𝐽 𝑀 𝑁

9. The diagram shows two intersecting circles. AB is a tangent to

the circle through the points B, C and D. ADC is a straight line.
∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 600 and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 450 . Find angle CBD.

600
𝐴 450
𝐵

10. In the diagram, the sides of the triangle ABC touch the circle at
X, Y and Z. Find the angles of triangle ABC.

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 𝐴

𝑋 𝑍
600 700

500

𝐵 𝑌 𝐶

Symmetry properties of a circle

(i) The perpendicular bisector of any chord passes through the Centre
of the circle.

(ii) Two equal chords AB and CD are equidistant from the Centre of
the circle.

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 𝐴

𝑂
𝐵
𝑑

(iii) If two tangents are drawn from an external point to a circle (see
diagram);
(a) The tangents are equal in length.
(b) The tangents subtend equal angles at the Centre.
(c) The angle between the tangents is bisected by the line joining
the Centre to the external point.
𝑇

𝑃
𝑄
𝑂

Intersecting chords:

 In the following figures two chords of a circle which intersect at X

(in figure (b) the chords intersect outside the circle). In both cases
𝐴𝑋. 𝑋𝐵 = 𝐶𝑋. 𝑋𝐷

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 (𝑎) 𝐴 (𝑏)

𝐷
𝑋 𝐴 𝐵
𝑋

𝐵
𝐷
𝐶
𝐶

Examples

1. The chords AC and BD of a circle intersect at a point P inside the

circle. If AP=4cm, PC=3cm and BP=2cm. Find PD.
𝐴 𝐷

Solution
Let 𝑃𝐷 = 𝑟𝑐𝑚
⟹ 𝐵𝑃 × 𝑃𝐷 = 𝐴𝑃 × 𝑃𝐶
⟹2×𝑟 =4×3
∴ 𝒓 = 𝟔𝒄𝒎

2. In the figure below the chords XY and PQ produced meet at point

N outside the circle. Given that NX=7cm, NP=3cm and
NQ=2.1cm.Find NY.

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 𝑋
𝑌
𝑁

𝑄
𝑃

Solution

⟹ 𝑋𝑁 × 𝑁𝑌 = 𝑃𝑁 × 𝑁𝑄

⟹ 7 × 𝑁𝑌 = 3 × 2.1

∴ 𝑵𝒀 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝒄𝒎

3. The following figure shows a circle and two chords PQ and RS

which intersect inside the circle. Given that PQ=10cm, PT=6cm
and RT=3cm, calculate the length of TS.

𝑃 𝑆

𝑅
Solution 𝑄

⟹ 𝑃𝑄 = 10𝑐𝑚, 𝑃𝑇 = 6𝑐𝑚, 𝑅𝑇 = 3𝑐𝑚; 𝑇𝑄 = (10 − 6) = 4𝑐𝑚

⟹ 𝑃𝑇 × 𝑇𝑄 = 𝑅𝑇 × 𝑇𝑆

⟹ 6 × 4 = 3 × 𝑇𝑆

∴ 𝑻𝑺 = 𝟖𝒄𝒎

4. The figure shows chords PQ and RS produced to meet at T. Given

that PQ=8cm and ST=5cm. Find the length of RS.

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 𝑇
𝑄

𝑃
𝑆

Solution

⟹ 𝑃𝑄 = 8𝑐𝑚, 𝑄𝑇 = 6𝑐𝑚

⟹ 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝑄 + 𝑄𝑇

=8+6

= 14𝑐𝑚

Let RS be xcm

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑇 × 𝑄𝑇 = 𝑅𝑇 × 𝑇𝑆

⟹ 14 × 6 = (𝑥 + 5) × 5

∴ 𝑥 = 11.8𝑐𝑚

∴ 𝑅𝑆 = 11.8𝑐𝑚

Tangent and a chord

 In the figure below AC is a chord and BP is a tangent to the

circle at B. AC produced meet the tangent at P.
𝑃
𝐶
𝐴

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 In this case 𝐴𝑃 × 𝑃𝐶 = 𝐵𝑃2
Example:
1. In the figure below, PT is a tangent of the circle at T and AB
is a chord produced to meet PT at P.

𝑃
𝐵
𝐴

𝑇
Given that PB=10cm and PT=13cm. Calculate the length of
AB.
Solution
Using 𝐴𝑃 × 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑃𝑇 2
⟹ 𝐴𝑃 × 10 = 132
⟹ 𝐴𝑃 = 16.9𝑐𝑚

But 𝐴𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝑃

⟹ 16.9 = 𝐴𝐵 + 10

∴ 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟔. 𝟗𝒄𝒎

Sample Questions #03:

1. The figure below shows two chords PQ and RS of a circle.

The chords intersect at a point T inside the circle. Given
that PQ=10cm, PT=7cm and TS=6cm. Calculate the length
of RT. (3.5cm)
𝑃 𝑆

𝑅
𝑄

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 2. The figure below shows two chords AB and CD of a circle.
The chords when produced meet at a point E outside the
circle. Given that AB=8cm, BE=6cm and DE=7cm. Calculate
the length of CD. (5cm)

𝐸
𝐵
𝐴

3. In the figure below CD is a tangent to the circle at D. AB is

a chord of the circle which is produced to meet CD at C.

𝐵 𝐶
𝐴

Given that AB=4.5cm and CD=10cm. Calculate the length of

BC. (8cm)
4. In the figure below AT is a tangent to the circle at A.
BX=2cm, XD=3cm, DT=4cm and CX=1.5cm. Find AX and
AT.
𝐴

𝐵 2 3 4 𝑇
𝐷
1.5

𝐶
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 5. In the figure below OC is a tangent to the circle. If OE=9cm,
OB=5cm and OC=6cm. Find BD and OA.
𝑂
𝐴
𝐸
𝐵

𝐶
6. In the diagram, AP is a tangent to the circle Centre O.
OP=5cm and ∠𝐴𝑂𝑃 = 600 .
(a) Calculate the length of AO.
(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

600 5𝑐𝑚

𝐴
𝑃

7. The minor arc subtends an angle of 700 at the Centre of the

circle. The radius of the circle is 7.2cm. Calculate the length
of the minor arc.
8. A chord of a circle subtends an angle of 1080 at the Centre of
the circle. Calculate to 2 decimal places the length of the
chord given that the radius of the circle is 5cm.
9. A chord of a circle is 2.8cm from the Centre of the circle. If
the radius of the circle is 4cm. Calculate the length of the
chord correct to 2 decimal places.

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 10. Find the value of x in the figure below given that AD=AB
𝐴
and ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 1000

𝑥
𝐷
𝐵

1000

Construction of circles

Circumscribed circles

 A circumscribed circle is one which passes through the vertices

of a triangle.
 To Circumscribe a triangle ABC we proceed as follows;
(i) Construct the perpendicular bisectors of any two sides of a
triangle and let them meet at O.
(ii) With O as the Centre and radius OA or OB or OC construct
a circle which passes through the points A, B and C.
(iii) This circle is called the circum-circle and its Centre is
called a circum-Centre.

Example:

1. (a) Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct

triangle PQR in which QR=1.5cm, PR=2.2cm and angle
PRQ=1200 .
(b) Measure PQ and angle PQR.
(c) Construct the perpendicular bisectors of QR and PR.
(d) Hence draw the circumcircle of the triangle PQR.
(e) What is the radius of this circle?

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 Inscribed circles

 An inscribed circle is one which touches all the three sides of a

triangle internally.
 To inscribe a triangle PQR we proceed as follows;
(i) Construct angle bisectors of any two angles e.g ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅
and ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄.
(ii) Let the angle bisectors meet at a point O.
(iii) From O drop a perpendicular to meet QR at T.
(iv) With O as Centre and radius OT draw a circle.
(v) The circle touches all the three sides of the triangle
internally and is called the inscribed circle or in-circle of
triangle PQR. The Centre is called in-Centre.
Example:
1. (a) Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only construct
triangle ABC in which AB=6cm, BC=7cm and angle
ABC=450 .
(b) Measure AC and angle BAC.
(c) Construct the circle inscribed in triangle ABC.
(d) Measure the radius of this circle.

Sample questions #04

1. Using a pair of compasses and ruler only.

a) i) Construct triangle ABC, such that AB=10.0cm, 𝐵𝐶=9.2cm.

angle ABC=1050 .

(ii) Measure the lengths AC

b (i). Construct an inscribed circle of triangle ABC with Centre O.

(ii) Measure the radius of the circle.

2. Using a ruler, pencil and pair of compasses only.

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(i) Construct a triangle ABC such that 𝐴𝐵=8.7cm 𝐴𝐶=10.6cm and
angle BAC = 60o,

(ii) Inscribe a circle on the triangle ABC.

(iii) Construct a perpendicular from B onto𝐴𝐶 to meet it at point D.

(iv)Measure length 𝐵𝐶 and the radius of the circle.

(v) Measure 𝐵𝐷 and calculate the area of triangle ABC.

3. Using a pair of compasses and ruler only.

(a) Construct triangle ABC such that 𝐵𝐶=10.6cm and angles

ACB = 75o and ABC=60o,
(b) Construct a circum-circle of triangle ABC with O as its Centre.
(c) Measure lengths 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 and the radius of the circle.

4. Using a pair of compasses and a ruler.

i. Construct triangle PQR, such that angle PQR=60o,

QR=9.0cm,PR=8.5cm, measure the length 𝑄𝑃,
ii. Bisect the sides 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑃𝑅. Produce the line bisector to
intersect at point M.
iii. Using M as the Centre, draw a circle to circumscribe triangle
PQR. Measure the radius of the circle. Hence calculate the
area of the circle, correct to 2 significant figures
5. Using a ruler, pencil and pair of compasses only.
a. Construct a triangle ABC, where ABC=105o and AC=12.0cm.
Measure and state length AB and angle BAC.
b. Draw a circle circumscribing triangle ABC. State the radius of
the circle.

6. Using a ruler, pencil and pair of compasses only.

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 a. Construct triangle ABC such that 𝐵𝐶=10.6cm and angles
ACB=75o and ABC=60o.
b. Construct a circum-circle of triangle ABC with O as its Centre.
c. Measure lengths 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵 and the radius of the circle.

7. Using a ruler, pencil and pair of compasses only;

i. Construct triangle ABC such that AB=8cm, angle ABC=60o and
angle BAC=45o.
ii. Construct the perpendicular from C onto AB to meet it at D.
Measure the length CD.
iii. Draw a circle circumscribing triangle ABC measure its radius.
iv. Find the area of triangle ABC.
8. Using a ruler, pencil and pair of compasses only.
a. Construct a triangle PQR, where angle QPR=135o, PQ=8.4cm
and QR=12.5cm. State the length of 𝑃𝑅.
b. S and T are points such that 𝑇𝑆 bisects 𝑄𝑅, where T is on 𝑄𝑅
and S on the same side as PQ. Draw a circle to circumscribe
the points P,Q,R and S. measure and state the
i. Length ST.
ii. Radius of the circle.

Sample questions #05

1. The diagram below shows two intersecting circles of radii 5cm

and 8cm with a common chord of 4cm.

8𝑐𝑚 5𝑐𝑚
4𝑐𝑚

5𝑐𝑚
8𝑐𝑚

Find the area of the shaded part.

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2. In the diagram below, O is the Centre of the circle. R is the mid-
point of MN and the angle MNO=1500

1500
𝑅 𝑁
𝑀

𝑄
Find the length of RQ.
3. In the figure below O is the Centre of the circle. Angle ABO=430
and angle 𝑂𝐴𝐶 = 620 .
𝐴
𝐶
620

430 𝑂
𝐵
𝑥

Find the value of x.

4. In the figure below, O is the Centre of the circle, angle JKL =400
and KOQ is a straight line.

𝐽
𝑄

𝑝
𝑛
𝑂
0
40
𝐾

Find the angles n and p.

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5. The diagram below shows a circle with Centre O and radius
10.5cm.Two tangents PR and PS are drawn from a point P
outside the circle. Angle POR = 600 and PO intersects the circle at
Q.
𝑅

10.5𝑐𝑚
600 𝑄
𝑂
𝑃

𝑆
Calculate the;
(a) Length of the tangents.
22
(b) Area bounded by the tangents and the arc SQR. (Use 𝜋 = )
7
6. In the diagram below, O is the Centre of the circle and angle
BOD=1640 .
𝐴

1640
𝐷
𝐵

𝐶
Find;
(a) Angle BAD.
(b) Angle BCD.

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7. The diagram A, B, C and D are on the circumference of a circle of
Centre O and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 300 . Find the values of the marked angles a
𝐷
and b.

300

𝑏
𝐶

𝐵
8. The diagram below shows road AO intersecting road OB at 900 at
point O. The two roads are also connected to A and B by an arc-
like shaped road measuring a quarter of a circle 70m in radius.
𝐴

70𝑚

𝑂 𝐵
Find the distance saved by a motorist who goes through the arc-
shaped road instead of going through AO and OB.
9. In the diagram below, O is the Centre of the circle. AB and CB
are tangents to the circle. Angle ABC = 540
𝐶
𝐵
540
𝑂
𝐷

Find angle ADC.

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10. In the diagram, BC is a tangent to the circle with Centre O and
angle BAO = 300 .
𝐵
𝑥

300 𝑦
𝐴
𝑂

Find the size of the angles x and y.

END

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