tcef; (1)

Introduction to Computer
What is a Computer?
1/ uGefysLwmqkdonfrSm tcsuftvuf (data)ukd information [kac:aom owif;
(okdUr[kwf) tajztjzpfokdU wdusrSefuef jrefqefpGmwGufcsufvkyfaqmifay;aom
Electronic Device wpfckjzpfygonf/ uGefysLwmwpfvkH;onf vkdtyfaom data rsm;ukd
vufcHjcif;?odrf;qnf;jcif;?vkyfaqmifjcif; ESifY jyefvnfxkwf,ljcif;
paomvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;ukd vkyfaqmifEkdifygonf/ uGefysLwmwpfvkH;\ t"du
vu©©Pmrsm;rSm jrefqefjcif;? wdusjcif;?
tcsuftvufrsm;pGmokdavSmifEkdifjcif;ESifU pG,fpkHtokH;jyKEkdifjcif;wkdU
jzpfonf/
History of Computer Science
2/ Computer Science ajymif;vJrIorkdif;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfygonf-

pO Generatio toHk;jyKaom
ckESpf n tjrefEIef;
f ypöönf;
1/ 1200 - Decimal
pepfukdtajccHaom
ayoD;
(abacus)wGufcsufrI
2/ 1800 - Automatic Mechnanical
Calculator
3/ 1896 - Punch Card Machine
4/ 1940-1956 1st Gen: Vaccum Tubes 1000cal/sec
5/ 1956-1963 2nd Gen: Transistors 10x1st Gen
6/ 19634-1971 3th Gen: Integrated Circuit (IC) 100x2nd Gen
7/ 1972-,aeY 4th Gen: Microprocessor 50x3rd Gen
9/ ,aeY rS 5th Gen: Artificial Intelligence Megahertz
aemiftem*gwfu (AI) (MHz)
mv

Types of Computer
3/ Computers rsm;ukd t&G,ftpm;? pGrf;aqmifEkdifonfUyrmP? tjrefEIef;ESifU
csdwfquftokH;jyKEkdifaom Terminal ta&twGufay:rlwnfNyD;
tMurf;tm;jzifYatmufygtwkdif;trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;xm;ygonf-

1
(u) Super Computer/Super Computer
rsm;onftvGefjrifYrm;aompGrf;aqmifEkdifrI&SdNyD;
a':vmoef;aygif;rsm;pGmwefzkd;&Sdygonf/ Super Computerrsm;tm;
odyHÜqkdif&mvkyfief;rsm; jzpfaom &moDOwkcefYrSef;jcif;?
aq;okawoejyKvkyfjcif; ponfh vkyfief;wGif tokH;jyKMuonf/
(c) Mainframe Computer / t&G,ftpm;BuD;rm;aom uGefysLwmrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ Main- frame Computer rsm;onf Super Computerrsm;uJYokdY
pGrf;&nfrjrifYrm;aomfvnf; BuD;rm;aom
pGrf;aqmifEkdifrIESifUokdavSmifEkdifrI &Sdygonf/ Mainframe
Computer rsm;tm; tzGJUtpnf;BuD;rsm;wGif Data rsm;tm;
A[kdwGufcsufrIjyKvkyfay;&ef twGuf tokH;jyKonf/bPfrsm;?
avaMumif;vkdif;rsm;? tmrcHvkyfief;rsm;? pmykdUvkyfief;rsm;?
wuúúokdvfrsm;ESifUtaumufcGefXmersm; ponfwkdUwGif
tokH;jyKMuonf/
(*) Mini Computer / Mainframe ComputerxufcsdwfqufEkdifaom Terminal ta&
twGufESifUpGrf;aqmifEkdifrIenf;onf/
uGefysLwmESifUwGufcsufvkyfaqmifjcif; vkyfief;e,fy,f
toD;oD;wGif tokH;jyKEkdifygonf/
(C) Micro Computer ( Personal Computer-PC) / t&G,ftpm;ao;i,fí tvG,fwul
o,faqmifEkdifNyD; pm;yGJay:wGif wifaqmiftokH;jyKEkdifygonf/
Micro Computertm; Network wpfckokdU csdwfqufíTerminal tjzpf
tokH;jyKjcif;jzifY Personanl Computer ESifY Workstation tjzpf (2)rsdK;
tokH;jyKEkdifygonf/ Micro Computer rsm;ukd tdrfrsm;? ausmif;rsm;?
½kH;rsm;ESifU pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif us,fjyefYpGm
tokH;jyKMuonf/ trsm;tm;jzifY wpfOD;csif;tokH;jyK&aom pepfjzpfygonf/
Personanl Computer rsm;tm; t&G,fyrmPay:rlwnfí
atmufygtwkdif;cGJjcm;xm;ygonf-
(1) Desktops
(2) Laptops (8 - 20 Pounds)
(3) Notebooks (4 - 7.5 Pounds)
(4) Pocket PC or Hand Held PC ( 1 Pound or Less )

2
ykH (1-1) uGefysLwmtrsdK;tpm;rsm;

Parts of Computer
4/ uGefysLwmwpfvkH;wGif t"duyg0ifaom tpdwfykdif;rsm;rSm
atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf-
(u) Hardware/ uGefysLwm&Sd xdawGUukdifwG,fí&aom
ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ukd ac:qkdygonf/ Oyrm - Harddisk, Monitor, Keboardy,
Mouse
(c) Software/ uGefysLwm&Sd xdawGUukdifwG,fí
r&aomtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd ac:qkdygonf/ Oyrm - System Softwae,
Application Software
(*) Firmware/ Hardware ESifU Software aygif;pyfxm;aom ypönf;ukd
ac:qkdygonf/ Oyrm - ROMBIOS

3
ykH (1-2) uGefysLwm\t"dutpdwftykdif;rsm:
Program
5/ Program qkdonfrSm nTefMum;csufrsm; tpDtpOfwus pkpnf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
4if;nTefMum;csufrsm;ukd Programming Language rsm;jzifUa&;om;xm;onf/
yxrqkH;aom Programming Language rSm Machine Language jzpfNyD; 4if;aemuf
Assemble Language, High-level Language, Very high-level Language, Natural Language
ponfjzifU ajymif;vJwkd;wufum tokH;jyKvmMuygonf/
Components of a Computer
6/ Computer wpfvkH;wGif t"duusaom tajccHtpdwftykdif;rsm;rSm
atmufygtwkdif;jzpfygonf-
(u) System Unit (Central Processing Unit)
(c) Monitor
(*) Keyboard and Mouse
(C) Speaker ESifU Printer ponfwkdUjzpfonf/

ykH (1-3) uGefysLwmwpfvkH;\t"du tajccHtpdwftykdif;rsm:

System Unit (CPU)
7/ Computer wpfvkH;\ t"duvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifaom tpdwftykdif;rsm;onf
System UnitwGifyg0ifonf / CPU CasingtwGif;&Sd tpdwftykdif;rsm;rS process

4
vkyfjcif;?access vkyfjcif;?data rsm;ukd store vkyfjcif;ESifY
wGufcsuftajzxkwfjcif;wkdUukd vkyfaqmifay;ygonf/ CPU Casing twGif;yg0ifaom
t"dutpdwftykdif;rsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfygonf-
(u) Motherboard / Personal uGefysLwmwpfvkH;\
ta&;tBuD;qkH;tpdwftykdif;rSm Main Board (okdUr[kwf) Mother Board
jzpfonf/ Mother Board wGif CPU (processor), Chip Set ESifU
tjcm;vQyfpD;ygwfvrf;rsm;vnf;yg0ifonf/xkdtjyif tjcm;Expension Cad
rsm;wyfqif&efSlots rsm;vnf;yg0ifygonf/Mother Board
wpfcka&G;cs,f&mwGif Processor trsdK;tpm; Processor Socket/Slot
trsdK;tpm;? Mother Board Speed, Chase Memory yg0ifrI? Main Memory
yrmP ESifU tjcm;aomtcsufrsm;vnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&onf/ ,aeUacwf
Motherboard rsm;wGif Video Card, Sound Card ESifU Network Card rsm;
wpfygwnf; xnfhoGif;(builtin) wyfqifxm;ygonf/
(c) Microprocessor / uGefysLwmwpfvkH;\OD;aESmuf[k
wifpm;ac:a0:okH;EIef;aom Microprocesssor (okdU)CPU onfTransistor
oef;aygif;rsm;pGmjzifUjyKvkyfxm;NyD;Motherboard ay:wGif
wkduf&kdufwyfqif tokH;jyK&aomChip wpfckjzpfonf/
uGefysLwmwpfvkH;\ Model ukdqkH;jzwf&efProcessor
ukdMunfhíqkH;jzwfMuonf/ 1971 ckESpfwGif Intel rS 4001 processor
ukd yxrqkH; pD;yGm;jzpfxkwfvkyfa&mif;cscJYonf/ 4if;onf Transistor
aygif; 2300 cefUjzifUwnfaqmufxm;NyD; 60 KHz
jzifUvkyfaqmifygonf/ 60 KHz onf wpfpuúefUvQif wGufcsufrIaygif;
ajcmufaomif;cefUukd vkyfaqmifEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ ,aeUacwf Processor
rsm;onfTransistor oef;aygif;rsm;pGmjzifU wnfaqmufxm;NyD;
wGufcsufrIaygif; oef;axmifcsDvkyfaqmufEkdifygonf/,aeUacwf
tokH;rsm;aom Processor tcsdKUrSmPenium,Core2Duo,Corei3,Corei5
ESifUCorei7 wkdUjzpfonf/
(*) Memory / vltrsm;ac:a0:okH;pGJaeMuonfh Memory onfRAM(Random
Access Memory) ukd &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfygonf/ uGefysLwmwpfvkH;\
vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGifInstruction ESifU Data rsm;ukd
Memory ay:wGif ,m,DokdavSmifvkyfaqmifygonf/ RAM
rsm;ukdMotherboard ay:&Sd Memory Slot
okdUxnfhoGif;wyfqif&onf/,cifuRAM ukd128 MB,512MB,256MB
ponfjzifUMegabyte rQom tokH;jyKMu&m ,aeUacwfRAM
rsm;rSmGigabyte(GB) txd
wkd;wufokH;pGJvQuf&Sdygonf/uGefysLwmwpfvkH;rSm
tenf;qkH;Memory rnfrQvkdtyfonfukd tokH;jyKaomOpreating System
ESifUApplication Software ay:wGifrlwnfonf/
(C) Hard Disk / Hard Disk ukd uGefysLwmtm;vkH;wGif
awGUYEkdifNyD; OS rsm;? Program rsm;?Data file rsm;ukd
raysmufysufatmif

5
 tjrJwrf;xnfhoGif;okdavSmifodrf;qnf;xm;EkdifonfhDevice
wpfckjzpfonf/ Hard Disk ESifU Disks tm;vkH;ukd drive
awGvkdUac:Muygonf/ uGefysLwm\ tajccH drives rsm;rSm-–
(1) Floppy Disk / ,aeUacwfwGif tokH;rjyKawmUyg/ Floppy (A)
[ktjrJwrf;jyonf/ 4if;\xnfhoGif;Ekdifonfh yrmPrSm 1.44MB/1.38
om&Sdonf/
(2) Local Disk / Local Disk qkdonfrSm Hard Disk yifjzpfonf/ Local Disk
C, D, E ponfjzifYazmfjyonf/ tokH;jyKol User rS cGJxm;aom
Partition ay:rlwnfonf/ trsm;qkH; C, D cGJwmrsm;onf/ Local Disc (C:)
wGif OS (Window) install vkyfxm;&m tykdif;jzpfonf/
(3) CD/DVD-Drive / Local Disk aemufwGifazmfjyonf/ Oyrm- Local
Disk C, D qkdvQif CD/DVD drive ukd (E:) [kazmfjyonf/
(4) Removable Disk/ CD/DVD Drive aemufrSazmfjyonf/ tjcm;aom USB,
SD Card ESifU External storage device rsm;wyfrSom azmfjyygonf/
Hard Disk \Capacity ay:rlwnfum aps;EIef;ESifYxnfhoGif;EkdifonfhData
yrmP uGmjcm;oGm;onf/ ,aeUacwf uGefysLwmrsm;wGif
tenf;qkH;rSm 250GB, 300GB, 500GB ponfjzifY okH;pGJvQuf&Sdonf/
Computer &Sd Hard Disk yrmPukd Storage [k ac:a0:okH;EIef;MuNyD;
tajccHtwkdif;twm ,lepfrSmBit jzpfonf/Computer Storage yrmPudk
atmufygtwkdif; wkdif;wmMuygonf-
(1) 1 Bit = 1 (or) 0
(2) 1 Byte = 8 Bits
(3) 1 KB (Kilobyte) = 1024 Bytes
(4) 1 MB (Megabyte) = 1024 Kilobytes
(5) 1 GB (Gigabyte) = 1024 Megabytes
(6) 1 TB (Terabyte) = 1024 Gigabytes
(i) CD/DVD Drive / uGefysLwmwpfvkH;wGif CD/DVD Driveonfvnf;
r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfygonf/ OS acGrsm;? tjcm;rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaom
Application software CD/DVD rsm; Installing vkyfjcif;ESif acGrsm; Burn
&mwGif tokH;jyKonf/ ,aeYacwf Drive rsm;onf CD aum DVD yg
ESpfrsdK;vkH; tokH;jyKEkdifygonf/ Drive wpfvkH;0,f,l&mwGif 4if;
Drive \ vkyfaqmifEkdifonfh speed ay:rlwnfum 0,f,lMuonf/ Drive rating
ukd wkdif;wmazmfjy&m wGif x jzifUwkdif;wmazmfjyMuonf/
4x,8x,16x ponfh Drive rating ukdMunfhum a&G;cs,fEkdifonf/ CD wGif
1x=150 KBps jzpfNyD; DVD wGif 1x=1350 KBps ponfjzifUtajccH speed
rwlMuay/ CD wpfcsyfonf 700 MB ESifU DVD wpfcsyfonf 4.7 GB
yrmP&SdMuonf/
(i) VGA Card / VGA Card (okdU) Video Card onf Monitor ay:wGif
ykH&dyftm;vkH;ukd ykHazmfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk CPU
(Processor)ESifUMonitor wkdU\ tv,frSvkyfaqmifay;aom Card
wpfckjzpfonf/,aeUacwf uGefysLwmrsm;&Sd Motherboard rsm;wGif
Built-in yg0ifNyD;om;jzpfonf/ Video Card wpfck\ memory

6
 jrifUrm;rIay:rlwnfum monitor ay:wGif ykH&dyfumvmta&mifrsm;rsm;
ESifU Resolution jrifUjrifUazmfjyEkdifrnfjzpfonf/
(q) Sound Card / Sound Card onf uGefysLwmwpfvkH;wGif Speaker rS
toHrsm;xGufay:&efESifU Microphone uJUokdUaom sound input device
rsm;rS toHzrf;,l&ef ponfh Audio vkyfief;rsm;twGuf vkdtyfaom
expension card jzpfonf/
(Z) Power Supply / Power Supply onf
uGefysLwmtpdwftykdif;toD;oD;wkdUukd yg0gay;&ef jzpfonf/
trsm;tm;jzifU Power Supply ukd Casing twGif;
wpfygwnf;wyfqifa&mif;avU &Sdygonf/ Power Supply wpfck\
tajccHusqkH;tvkyfrSm rdrdwkdUtdrfrsm;wGif tokH;jyKaeaom
alternating current (AC) ac: tdrfokH;vQyfppfrS direct current (DC)
vkdUac:aom uGefysLwmrsm;rS vufcHtokH;jyKEkdifonfh
vQyfppfAkdUtm;trsdK;rsdK;okdU ajymif;vJay;&aom tvkyfjzpfonf/

ykH (1-4) CPU casing twGif;&Sd tpdwftykdif;rsm;

Monitor
8/ Monitor onf video card rS visual out (okdU) electronic signal
tjzpfxkwfay;vkdufaom pmom;rsm; ½kyfykHrsm;ukd ykHazmfjyoay;&aom
uGefysLwmtpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/ Monitor wGif CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
okH;aom Monitor ESifU LCD ( Lique Crystal Display)
[líESpfrsdK;&Sdygonf/,aeUacwfwGif tokH;jyKaeom Desktop Monitor trsm;pkrSm
LCD Monitor rsm;jzpfonf/ Monitor wGif Power On/Off Switch,
ykH&dyftvif;tarSmifESifU rsufESmjyif tay:atmuf? ab;b,fnm
tusOf;tus,fwkdUukdjyKvkyfay;Ekdifaom Button/Adjustment rsm;yg&SdNyD;
aemufbufwGif Data Cable (9 Pins, 15 Pins) Male Type ESifU Power Cord
wkdUyg&Sdonf/

7
CRT Monitor LCD Monitor
ykH(1-5) armfeDwmrsm;
Keyboard
9/ Keyboard onf uGefysLwmwpfvkH;\ tajccHtusqkH;ESifU t"dutusqkH; Input
Device wpfckjzpfNyD; uGefysLwmokdU data rsm;?command rsm;
xnfhoGif;ay;&eftwGuf tokH;jyK&onf/,aeUtcsdefxd tokH;rsm;aom Keyboard
ESpfrsdK;rSm 101-key Enhanced Keyboad ESifU 104-keys Windows Keyboard jzpfonf/
xkdtrsdK;tpm;ESpfckvkH;wGif Keys rsm;? Layout rsm; ae&mcsxm;ykHrSm
twlwlyifjzpfonf/ 104-keys Windows Keyboard wGif Window Key ESpfckESifU
Application Key wpfck aygif;okH;cktykdygjcif;om uGmjcm;oGm;onf/ Keyboard
wpfckwGif yg0ifaom key rsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;
tykdif;av;ykdif;cGJjcm;xm;ygonf-
(u) Typing (Alphanumeric) Keys / Q, W, E, R, T pojzifU letter rsm;? number
rsm;? punctuationrsm; ESifU symbol keys yg0ifaom tykdif;jzpfonf/
(c) Control Keys / Ctrl? Alt ESifU Window logo wkdUonf Control keys
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ Ctrl? Alt wkdUonf 4if;wpfrsdK;wnf; okH;ouJYokdU
tjcm;aom keys rsm;ESifYvnf;wGJzuf tokH;jyKMuonf/
(*) Function Keys / Keyboard \ tay:ykdif;wGif uefUvefUjzwfvQuf
twef;vkduf&Sdaeom Esc, F1 to F12, Print Screen pojzifU key rsm;onf
Function Keys jzpfonf/
(C) Navigation Keys/ Home, Insert, Delete, End, Page Up, Page Down ponfh keys
rsm;jzpfonf/ 4if; keys ukd Documents rsm;? Web pages rsm;ESifU Text
rsm; edit vkyf&mwGif tokH;jyKygonf/
(i) Numeric Keypad / Key 17 ckygaom keypad ukd *Pef;aygif;puf&Sd key
rsm; ae&mcsxm;onfUtwkdif; keyboard \nmbufjcrf;wGifwwfqifxm;onf/
10/ Keyboard &Sd Keys rsm;\ tokH;jyKykHrsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf-
(u) Control and Alt Keys / tjcm;aom key rsm;ESifU aygif;pyfokH;um
shortcuts command key rsm;tjzpftokH;jyKonf/ Oyrm- Ctrl+C onf Copy \
shortcut command jzpfNyD; Alt+ Numeric Keys rsm;onf jrefrmpm
ygwfqifUrsm;&kduf&mwGif tokH;jyKygonf/
(c) Arrow Keys / Cursor ukd tay:atmuf ab;b,fnm a&TU&eftokH;jyKonf/
(*) Backspace Key / Cursor \ b,fbuf&Sd Character rsm;ukd
zsuf&eftokH;jyKonf/

8
 (C) Delete Key / Cursor \ nmbuf&Sd Character rsm;ESifU
tjcm;rdrdzsufvkdaomfiles rsm;ukd zsuf&eftokH;jyKonf/
(i) Caps Lock Key / Character tm;vkH;ukduppercase jzifU &kdufvkdaomtcg
Caps Lock ukd zGifUokH;&onf/
(p) Enter Key / pmaMumif;tm; aemufwpfaMumif;qif;vkdaomtcgrsm;ESif
rdrdtokH;jyKaeaom Function (or) Command rsm;ukd twnfjyK&mwGif
tokH;jyKygonf/
(q) ESC Key / Escape \ twkdaumufjzpfNyD; Files rsm;zGifUxm;&mrS Exist
vkyf&mwGif tokH;jyKonf/
(Z) Functions Keys / Functions Keys rsm;jzpfaom F1, F2, F3 ponfU key
rsm;ukd program rsm;twGuf shortcut key rsm;tjzpftokH;jyKMuonf/
Oyrm- F2 onf file rsm;rename ay;&mwGif vnf;aumif;? F1onf Activate
Help twGuftokH;jyKonf/
(ps) Shift Key / Shift key onf Character ESifU Symbol
rsm;ajymif;vJtokH;jyK&mwGif vnf;aumif;? tjcm;aom key
rsm;ESifUwGJzufíCommand key tjzpfvnf;aumif; tokH;jyKonf/
(n) Space Bar / Character rsm;Mum; ae&mjcm;&mwGif tokH;jyKonf/

ykH(1-6) Keyboard ay:&Sd keys rsm;

Mouse
11/ Mouse onfvnf; uGefysLwmwpfvkH;twGuf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaom Input Device
jzpfonf/ Mouse \ t"duvkyfaqmifcsufrSm rdrd\a&GUvsm;rIukd uGefysLwmrS
em;vnftokH;jyKEkdifaom binary data rsm;tjzpfokdU
ajymif;vJay;ykdU&jcif;jzpfonf/ Technology ay:rlwnfum Mechanical ESifhOptical [lí
(2)rsdK;&Sdonf/ ,aeUacwfwGif tokH;jyKaeaom Mouse rsm;rSm Optical Mouse

9
rsm;jzpfonf/ Mechanical jzpfap Optical jzpfap Mouse wdkU\ t"duvkyfaqmifrIrSm
rdrd\a&GUvsm;rI tuGmta0;ukd uGefysLwmxHokdU ay;ykdU&jcif;jzpfonf/ Mouse
ukdokH;jyKí rdrda&G;vkdaom file rsm;? data rsm;ukd select vkyfjcif;? zGifUjcif;?
a&TUjcif; ponhfvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk vkyfaqmifEkdifygonf/
12/ Mouse onf ykHrSeftm;jzifU b,f/nm button ESpfckyg&SdNyD; tv,fwGif wheel
wpfckyg&Sdonf/ b,f/nm button ESpfckukdtokH;jyK&mwGif Left Click/ Right Click
[kokH;EIef;ygonf/ ykH (1-7) wGifjyoxm;ygonf/ Mouse ukd ukdifwG,f&mwGif
ykH(1-8) twkdif; b,fbuf button ay:wGif vufndI;? nmbuf button ay:wGif
vufcv,fwifum tay:rStkyfí tokH;jyK&onf/ ykH (1-9)wGif jyxm;aom Arrow (Pointer),
Cursor, Hand, Hourglass ponfwkdUukd Monitor ay:wGif rdrdtokH;jyKvkdonfhtwkdif;
Mouse ukd tokH;jyKí vkyfaqmif&onf/ Mouse ukd ESdyf&mwGif tokH;jyKykHrSm
atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf-
(u) Click (Left Click) / wpfckckukd select vkyfaomtcg okH;ygonf/
(c) Double Click / Click (2) csuf
jrefjrefESdyfjcif;udkqkdvkdygonf/wpfckckudkzGifUvkdaomtcg
okH;ygonf/
(*) Right Click / nmbuf button ukd Click vkyfygonf/ ykdrkdjrefqefaom
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; &&eftwGuf Pop-Menu ukd
ac:vkdaomtcgokH;ygonf/
(C) Click&Drag / wpfpkHwpfck (icon/file/picture) udk
ae&ma&TUvkdaomtcg tokH;jyKygonf/

ykH (1-7) ykH (1-8) ykH (1-9)

13/ IT acwf[k wifpm;ac:a0:aeaom ,aeUurÇmBuD;wGif enf;ynmtopftqef;rsm;
aepOfESifUtrQ wkd;wufxGef;umvQuf&SdouJYokdU tokH;jyKMuaom Hardware
Design rsm;? Software Versions rsm;rSmvnf; ykdrkdqef;opfjrefqefvmygonf/
wdk;wufajymif;vJaeaom IT enf;ynmrsm;udk avUvm&efvkdtyfouJUokdU
uGefysKwm\tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ESifU yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;aom
tajccHtpdwftykdif;rsm;udkvnf; em;vnf od&Sdxm;&efvkdtyfayonf/

10
 tcef; (1)
Microsoft Word 2010
Introduction to Miscrosoft Word 2010
1/ Micrsoft Wordonf Miscrosoft company rS xkwfvkyfaom Microsoft Office Suite rS
Word process rsm;twGuf tokH;jyK&efxkwfvkyfxm;aom word processor wpfckjzpfonf/
yxrqkH;aomMicrosoft Word Version ukd 1983 wGif a competitor to Word Star
tjzpfxkwfvkyfjzefYcsdcJYygonf/ xkdtcsdefu 4if;Word Star onf
tausmftMum;qkH;jzpfcJYygonf/Microsoft rS Microsoft Office ukd version
rsm;ajymif;vJ jzefYcsdcJY&m aemufqkH; version rSm Microsoft Office 2016
jzpfonf/Vesion topfrsm; ajymif;vJxkwfvkyfjcif;jzifY Old version rsm;xuf
ykdrkdjynfhpkHNyD; tokH;jyK&vG,fulaom user interface ESifU feature
rsm;yg0ifvmygonf/ Version rsm;ajymif;vmaomfvnf; tajccHtokH;jyKykHrSm
rsm;pGmuGJjym;jcif;r&Sdyg/Miscrosoft Office Application software onf
½kH;vkyfief;rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;? pmpDpm½kdufvkyfief;rsm;ESifh
Educational field rsm;wGif wGifus,fpGm tokH;jyKvQuf&Sdygonf/Word
Processingvkyfief;rsm;twGuf Microsoft Word onf rjzpfrae odxm;wwfxm;&rnfh
uGefysLwmtajccHwpfckjzpfonf/
Starting Microsoft Word
2/ Microsoft Wordtm; pwiftokH;jyK&efzGifYrnfqkdygu Start > All programs >
Microsoft Office > Microsoft Word 2010ukd Click vkyfyg/xkdtcg Microsoft Word
ay:vmvdrfUrnf/ xkdokdU tqifhqifh roGm;bJ vG,fvifhwul zGifUvkdygu Microsoft
Word tm; Desktop ay:wGif shortcut xkwfNyD; double click ESdyfjcif;jzifhvnf;
zGifUEkdifygonf/

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 Click Microsoft Word 2010

ykH (1-1) Miscrosoft WordpwifzGifhjcif;

Microsoft Word Screen View
3/ Miscrosoft WordzGifUvkdufaomtcg pwifjrifawGU&aomjrifuGif;ukd Microsoft
Word Screen View[kac:onf/ 4if;wGifFile Tab, Quick Access Toolbar, Title Bar, Tabs,
Ribbons, Rulers, Text Area, Status Bar, Scroll Bar ponfwkdYukd awGU&rnf/ykH(1-2)
wGifjyxm;ygonf/

ykH(1-2) Microsoft Word Screen View

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(u) File Tab/File Tab onf ,cif Microsoft Word 2007 versionrS Office Button
ae&mwGif tjzpf tokH;jyKvmjcif;jzpfonf/Document tm; zGifU&ef?
ydwf&ef? odrf;qnf;&ef ESifU print xkwf&ef tp&Sdaom
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf button rsm;yg0ifonf/
(c) Quick Access Toolbar / Quick Access Toolbar onf Title bar \
b,fbuftpGefwGif wpfwef;wnf;&Sdonf/ Document file tm; Save, Undo,
Redo ponfwkdYukd Quick Access Toolbar &Sd icons rsm;ukd
ESdyfjcif;jzifU vG,fulvQifjrefpGm vkyfaqmifEkdifygonf/ tjcm;aom
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; xyfxnfhvkdygu Customize Quick Access Toolbar \down
arrow ukd ESdyfí rdrdESpfouf&mukd select vkyfNyD;xnfhEkdifygonf/
(*) Title Bar/ Title baronf Microsoft Word pwifzGifhcsdefwGif Document1
trnfjzifh default azmfjyaernf/ Document tm; emrnfajymif; save
NyD;rSom ajymif;vJ save vkdufaom emrnf Title Bar
wGifay:vmrnfjzpfonf/
(C) Window Control and Help / Window Control and Helprsm;onf Title Bar \
nmbuftpGefwGif&Sdonf/ Minimize Button? Maximize / Restore Button?
Close ButtonESifh Help button rsm;yg0ifonf/MinimizeButton onf Document
Windowtm; minimizevkyf&ef? Maximize Button onf Document Windowtm;
maximize(okdYr[kwf) Restore vkyf&ef? Close Button onf Document
Windowtm; Closevkyf&ef jzpfonf/Help buttononf Microsoft Word
tokH;jyKykHrsm;ukd avYvmzwf&SLU&eftwGufjzpfonf/
(i) Tabs/ Tabs rsm;onf Title Bar \atmufwGif&Sdonf/ 4if;wkdUrSm Home?
Insert? Page Layout? References? Mailings? Review? View ESifh Acrobat
ponfwkdUjzpfonf/ Microsoft Word pwifzGifhcsdefwGif Home om Active
jzpfaeNyD; 4if;ESifhoufqkdifaom Group Ribbons rsm;om awGU&rnf/
rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaom Tab ukd select vkyfrSom 4if; Tab
ESifhoufqkdifaom Group Ribbons rsm;ukdawGU&rnf/
(p) Rulers/ Rulersrsm;onf Document \left vertical ESifh top horizonal
wGiff&Sdonf/ Rulers rsm;onf View Tab rS show group rS Ruler ukd select
vkyfrSom word screen view wGifjrif&rnf/ Rulers rsm;ay:&Sd Indents Tab
ESifU Set Tab rsm;ukd rdrdvkdtyfovkd ajymif;vJtokH;jyKEkdifygonf/
(q) Scroll Bar / Scroll Bar onfHorizontal (bottom of window) and Vertical (right
side of window) Scroll Bars [lí&Sdonf/ Scroll bar rsm;onf document tm; b,f?
nm? txuf? atmuf a&TU&mwGiftokH;jyKonf/
(Z) Status Bar / Status Bar onfWord Screen View \ atmufajc
b,ftpGefwGif&Sdonf/ Status bar onf vuf&SdtokH;jyKaeaom current page
? pmrsufESm pkpkaygif; total page ESifU pum;vkH;ta&twGuf Number
of words rsm;tm; azmfjyygonf/
(ps) View Options and Zoom Control / View Options wGif Print Layout View, Full
Screen Reading View, Web layout View, Outline View ESifh Draft ViewwkdY
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 yg0ifonf/ Microsoft Word pwifzGifhcsdefwGif default taejzifU Print
Layout View jzifhomjrif&rnf/ rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaom view ukd
a&G;NyD;tokH;jyKEkdifonf/ View Options \ nmbufwGif Zoom % ,Minus
(Zoom Out), Plus (Zoom In)ukd twkd; tavQmYjyKvkyfí rdrdvkdtyfovkd
jrifuGif;(Zoom)ukd tokH;jyKEkdifonf/ vuf&SdtokH;jyKaeaom current
page ? pmrsufESm pkpkaygif; total page ESifU pum;vkH;ta&twGuf
Number of words rsm;tm; azmfjyygonf/
4/ txufwGifazmfjycJhaom features rsm;onf Microsoft Word pwifzGifhcsdefwGif
jrifawGU&rnfh t&mrsm;omjzpfNyD; Tabs rsm;\ tokH;jyKykHESifU
vkyfaqmufcsufrsm;ukd qufvufavUvm&ef vkdtyfygonf/

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 tcef; (2)
Using Tabs of Microsoft Word 2010
File Tab
5/ File Tab onfQuick Access Toolbar atmufwGif&Sdonf/ File TabwGif Save, Save as,
Open, Close, Info, Recent, New, Print paom button rsm;yg0ifonf/ ykH(2-1)
wGifjyxm;ygonf/

ykH (2-1) File Tab

(u) Save -zkdifodrf;jcif;/ 4if;ukd a&G;cs,fvQif New File jzpfygu Save As
Dialog Box ay:vmNyD; Save inwGif
odrf;qnf;rnfh
Folderudka&G;cs,fyg? File namewGif ay;vdkonfh trnfudk
½kdufxnfhNyD; SaveudkClickvkyfyg/ Old File jzpfygu Dialog Boxray:bJ
odrf;qnf;rnfjzpfonf/
(c) Save As - zkdiftrnfajymif;odrf;jcif;/ 4if;udk Click vkyfygu SaveAs
Dialog Box ay:vmNyD; Save inwGif odrf;qnf;rnfh Folder/Location
a&G;cs,fyg/ File namewGif toihf &SdNyD;om;trnf twkdif;xm;í
Saveudk Clickvkyfum odrf;qnf;Edkifygonf/File
Nametopf&kdufxnhfívnf; odrf;qnf;Ekdifygonf/

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 ykH (2-2) SaveAs Dialog Box
(*) Open - odrf;xm;aomzkdiftm;zGihfjcif;/ 4if;ukda&G;cs,fvQif
OpenDialog Box ay:vmNyD; Look in wGif odrf;qnf;cJhonfh
Foldertvdkuf&SmazGí Documentrsm;tm; zGifhMunfhEdkifygonf/
(C) Close -zkdifydwfjcif;/ 4if;ukda&G;cs,fygu DocumentydfwfoGm;rnf/
(i) Info –tokH;jyKaeaomDocument Information/ /Info buttononf
tokH;jyKaeaom Document \ tcsuftvufrsm;ukd azmfjyrnf/ xkdtjyif
Convert (Compability Mode), Protect Document (Permissions) , Check for Issue
(Prepare for Sharing) , Manage Version (Versions) ponf button
rsm;tokH;jyKívnf; Document ukd Edit vkyfEkdifonf/
(p) Recent/ 4if;ukda&G;cs,fygu rMumrDuzGifhcJYaomRecent
Documentrsm; ESifh Recent Place ukdazmfjyaernf/
(q) New -zkdiftopfzGihfjcif;/Documenttopfwpfck jyKvkyf&efokH;onf/
Newudk Clickvkyfygu New Documentay:vmvQif Blank
Documentudka&G;NyD; Createudk Click vkyfyg/
(Z) Print - Print xkwfjcif;/4if;udka&G;cs,fjcif;jzifh Documentrsm;udk
PrintOutEdkifygonf/ 4if;\ nmbufwGifPrint
xkwf&eftwGufvkdtyfonfrsm;ukdjyifqifEkdifonf/Copies wGif
rdrdxkwfrnfhDocument \Copy vkyfrnfhta&twGufukd a&G;&rnf/Printer

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 wGif rdrdtokH;jyKrnfh Printer trsdK;tpm;ukd a&G;ay;&rnf/Settings
wGif Print Format twGuf vkdtyfonfrsm; jyifEkdifonf/ Oyrm-
xkwfrnfhpm&GuftrsdK;tpm; A4, Legal ? pm&Guftm;vkH;
(okdUr[kwf) rdrdESpfouf&mpmrsufESm? pm&Guftaetxm; Portrait or
Landscape ponfjzifh Edit vkyfNyD;xkwfEkdifonf/

ykH (2-3) Print View

(ps) Exit xGufjcif;/ Exit Buttonukd Click vkyfygu Microsoft Word 2007
rSxGufjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;ukd Click vkyfvQif Microsoft Word
ydwfoGm;rnf/ DocumentwGif pm&kdufjcif;? jyifjcif; ponfjzihf
wpfckck jyKvkyfxm;ygu yHk(2-4)ygtwkdif; Save Dialog
Boxay:vmNyD;? Documentudkodrf;qnf;vdkyguSaveudka&G;yg/
rodrf;vkdygu Don’t Saveukd a&G;&rnf/
xkdtcgDocumentydwfoGm;rnf/odrf;qnf;NyD;om; Documentjzpfygu
Dialog Boxray:bJ ydwfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/

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 ykH (2-4) Confirm Save Dialog Box
Home Tab
5/ Home Tab onf Microsoft Word pwifzGifhcsdefwGif Active jzpfaeaom Tab
jzpfonf/ tmufwGif&Sdonf/ Home Tab wGif Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, Styles and Edit
paom Group Ribbons rsm;yg0ifonf/ ykH(2-5) wGifjyxm;ygonf/

ykH (2-5) Home Tab

(u) Clipboard/ Clipboard Group wGif Document twGif;&Sd Text rsm;ukdCut
(Ctrl+x), Copy (Ctrl+c), Paste (Ctrl+v) jyKvkyf&mwGiftokH;jyKonf/
wlnDaomFormat jyKvkyf&eftwGuf Format Painter ukd tokH;jyK&onf/
(c) Font / Font GrouponfDocument twGif;&Sd Text rsm;ukdformat
jyKvkyf&mwGiftokH;jyKonf/

ykH (2-6) Font Group

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(1) Font Face / Font Face (Ctrl+Shift+F) onf Font trsdK;tpm;ukd
a&G;cs,f&efae&mjzpfonf/ Font trsdK;tpm;ukd type íjzpfap down
arrow rS Font trsdK;tpm;ukda&G;jzpfap xnfhEkdifonf/
(2) Font Size/ Font Size (Ctrl+Shift+P) onfFontt&G,ftpm;ukd
a&G;cs,f&efae&mjzpfonf/ Font Sizeukd type íjzpfap down arrow rS
Font t&G,ftpm;ukda&G;íjzpfap xnfhEkdifonf/
(3) Bold/ Bold (Ctrl+B) onf Textrsm;ukd boldpmvkH;rsm;xl&eftwGuf
tokH;jyKonf/ Bold onfacgif;pOfrsm;twGuf t"dutokH;jyKonf/
(4) Italic/ Italic (Ctrl+I) onf Textrsm;ukd Italic -pmvkH;rsm;apmif;&ef
twGuf tokH;jyKonf/ Oyrm- Italic
(5) Underline/ Underline (Ctrl+U) onf Textrsm;ukd Underline -
pmvkH;rsm;ukd rsOf;om;&ef twGuf tokH;jyKonf/ Oyrm-
Computer
(6) Strikethroug/ Textrsm;\ tv,frS rsOf;om;&ef twGuf tokH;jyKonf/
Oyrm- Basic Computer Course
(7) Subscript/ Subscript (Ctrl+=) onf Text\ atmufajc baselinewGif
a&;om;aom pmvkH;rsm;twGuf tokH;jyKonf/ Oyrm- H2O, log10
(8) Superscript/ Superscript (Ctrl+Shift++) onf Text\ tay:wGif
a&;om;aom pmvkH;rsm;twGuf tokH;jyKonf/ Oyrm- 22, 1st, 2nd, 3rd
(9) Grow Font/ Grow Font (Ctrl+>)onf Font Sizeukd xyfrHBuD;vkdvQif
tokH;jyKonf/
(10) Shrink Font/ Shrink Font (Ctrl+<)onf Font Sizeukd avQmhcsvkdvQif
tokH;jyKonf/
(11) Change Case/ Select Textrsm;ukd UPPERCASE, lowercaseponfwkdU
ajymif;vkdvQif tokH;jyKonf/
(12) Clear Formatting/ Textrsm;ukd format jyKxm;jcif;rS clear
vkyfjcif;jzpfonf/
(13) Text Effects/ Textrsm; ukd effectsrsm;xnfh&mwGif tokH;jyKonf/
(14) Text Highlight Color/ pmykd'frsm;twGif;&Sd textrsm;ukd Highlight
vkyfvkdaom tcgwGif tokH;jyKonf/
(15) Font Color/Text rsm;ukd Font Color rS rdrdESpfouf&m
ta&mifa&G; tokH;jyKEkdifonf/
(16) Font Dialog Box/Font Group \ nmbufa'gifhrS arrow ukd
ESdyfvkdufyguFont Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ 4if; Dialog Box rSvnf;
Font Type, Font Style, Font Size, Font Color rsm;ukd a&G;Ekdifonf/

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 ykH (2-7) Font Dialog Box
(*) Paragraph / Paragraph Grouponf Document twGif;&Sd Paragraph
rsm;ukdformat jyKvkyf&mwGiftokH;jyKonf/

ykH (2-8) Paragraph Group

(1) Align Text Left/ Align Text Left (Ctrl+ L) onf Text rsm;ukd Left Margin
ESifhtnD a&;om;&mwGifokH;onf/
(2) Center Text/ Center Text (Ctrl+E) onf Text rsm;ukd pm&Guf\
tv,fCenter wGif a&;om;&mwGifokH;onf/
(3) Align Text Right/ Align Text Right (Ctrl+R) onf Text rsm;ukd Right
Margin ESifhtnD a&;om;&mwGifokH;onf/
(4) Justify/ Justify (Ctrl+J) onf Text rsm;ukd Left and Right Margin
rsm;ESifhtnD a&;om;&mwGifokH;onf/
(5) Bullets/ Textrsm;ukd list rsm;tjzpfa&;om;&mwGifukd Bullets
StyleukdokH;onf/Bullets Button \down arrow rS ESpfopf&mBullets
pwkdifukdtokH;jyKEkdifonf/ Bullets ukd jyefjzKwfvkdygu None
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 ukda&G;&onf/Define New Bullets rS rdrdESpfouf&m
stylersm;ukdvnf; a&G;cs,fowfrSwfEkdifonf/
(6) Numbering/ Text Listrsm;ukd Bullets Style rokH;bJ Number
rsm;jzifha&;vkdaomtcgNumbering ukdokH;onf/ Numbering Library
rS rdrdESpfouf&m Number Sytle ukda&G;Ekdifonf/
(7) Line and Paragraph Spacing / Line Spacing onf Text Linersm;\
tuGmta0; owfrSwf&mwGif okH;onf/Down Arrow rS ay;xm;aom
Line Spacing tuGmta0;rS a&G;cs,fjcif;jzifhowfrSwfEkdifonf/
Paragraph Spacing onf pmykd'f wpfykd'fESifU wpfykd'f
tuGmta0;owfrSwf&mwGifokH;onf/Down Arrow rS ay;xm;aom
Add Space Before/After Paragraph ukd ESdyfjcif;jzifh
owfrSwfEkdifonf/Line Sapce Options rS wqifh Paragraph Dialog Box
wGifvnf; Line/Paragraph Spacing rsm;ukd owfrSwfEkdifonf/
(8) Shading/ Text (or) Paragraph rsm;\ aemufcHbackground wGifColor
rsm;xnfh&mwGifokH;onf/
(9) Bottom Bolder/ Select vkyfxm;aomText (or) Cells rsm;ukdbolder rsm;
xnfh&mwGifokH;onf/ Down Arrow rS ESpfouf&mbolder
ykHpHukd a&G;cs,fowfrSwfEkdifonf/
(10) Decrease and Increase Indent/ Decrease Indent onf Text (or) Paragraph
ukd Left Margin bufokdY tnDa&TUay;jcif;jzpfonf/Increase Indent
onf Text (or) Paragraph ukd Right Margin bufokdY
tnDa&TUay;jcif;jzpfonf/
(11) Sort/ Soft onf Select vkyfxm;aom Text (or) Number rsm;ukd
BuD;pOfi,fvkduf (okdUr[kwf) i,fpOfBuD;vkduf
pOfay;jcif;jzpfonf/
(12) Show/Hide / Show/Hide button onf pmykd'ftwGif; hide xm;aom
space, tab, enter ponff symbols rsm;udk jyvkdvQifokH;onf/
(13) Paragraph Dialog Box / Paragraph Group \ nmbufatmufajcrSarrow ukd
ESdyfvkdufygParagraph Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ Alignment, Indentation,
Spacing rsm;udk 4if;dialog box xJwGifvnf; Edit vkyfEkdifonf/

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 ykH (2-9) Paragraph Dialog Box

(C) Styles / Styles Grouponf Document twGif;&Sd Text or Paragraph

rsm;ukdStyle (Normal, No Spacing, Heading 1, Heading 2, etc.)
trsdK;rsdK;ajymif;vJay;Ekdifonf/Scroll arrow udkClick jyKvkyf
a&TUjcif;jzifh Style ukd ajymif;vJEkdifygonf/ vkdtyfaomStyle
rsm;twGufChange Syles wGif Style Set, Colors, Fonts, Paragraph Spacing
wGif ajymif;vJEkdifygonf/

ykH (2-10) Styles Group

(i) Editing / Editing Grouponf DocumenttwGif;&SdText
rsm;udk&SmazG&efESifU ajymif;vJtpm;xkd;vkdvQif tokH;jyKonf/
Find button ukdESdyfyguNavigation Dialog Box ay:vmNyD;
22
 rdrd&Smvkdaom pmvkH;ukd&kdufxnfh&SmEkdifNyD;
pmvkH;ta&twGufygjyoonf/ Replace ukd ESdyfygu Find and Replace
Dialog Box ay:vmNyD; rdrdvkdtyfovkdEdit vkyfEkdifonf/
Insert Tab
6/ Insert Tab wGif Pages, Tables, Illustrations, Links, Header & Footer , Text, Symbols
paom Group Ribbons rsm;yg0ifonf/ ykH (2-11) wGifjyxm;ygonf/

ykH (2-11) Insert Tab

(u) Pages/ Page GroupwGifCover Page, Blank PageESifh Page
BreakwkdYyg0ifonf/ Cover PageukdClick
vkdufygu Built-InCover
Pagesrsm;rS rdrdESpfouf&mukd a&G;cs,fEkdifonf/ jyefzsufvkdygu
Remove Current Cover PageudkESdyfNyD; zsufEkdifonf/ Blank Pageonf
pm&Guftopf,l&efjzpfonf/ Page Break ESdyfygu vuf&Sdae&mrS
aemufpmrsufESmtopfukd pwifvdrfUrnf
(c) Tables/ Tables onfDocument twGif;Tables (Z,m;uGufrsm;)
xnfhoGif;&eftwGufjzpfonf/Tables ukdClick vkyfvkdufyguTable Box
ay:vmrnf/ ykH (1-12) wGifjyoxm;ygonf/Table Box ay:wGif Pointer jzpf
Row & Column tuGufrsm;ukd vkdovkda&G;xnfhjcif;jzifh Table
xnfhEkdifonf/ Insert Table ukd ESdyfygu Insert Table Dialog Box
usvmNyD; Table Size \ Row ESifh Column Box wGif Up/Down Arrow jzifh
Row&Column ta&twGufukdxnfhNyD;vnf; Table ukd xnfhEkdifonf/Draw
Table ukd Click jyKvkyfygu cJwHykHpHjzpfoGm;NyD; Mouse jzifh
Table qGJEkdifygonf/ Miscrosoft Excel rS Z,m;ukdvnf; Document
twGif;okdY xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/ Quick Table ukd ESdyfygu Built-In
Tables rsm;ukdxnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/ Table jyKvkyfNyD;tokH;jyKaepOf
Table Tools ay:aernfjzpfNyD; 4if;wGif Design Tab ESifh Layout Tab
rsm;yg0ifonf/ ykH (2-13) wGifjyoxm;ygonf/ Design Tab rS Table Sytle
rsm;ESifh Bolder rsm;ukd Edit vkyfEkdifygonf/ Layout Tab rSm Table
&Sd Row&Column rsm;? Z,m;uGuf Cells rsm;ESifh Text Alignment
rsm;udk EditingjyKvkyfEkdifygonf/

23
 ykH (2-12) Table Box

ykH (2-13) Table Tools

(c) Illustrations/ Illustrations wGif Picture, Clip Art, Shapes, SmartArt, Chart
ESifh Screenshot wkdY yg0ifonf/

ykH (1-14) Illustrations Group

(1) Picture/ Pictureukd Click vkyfygu Insert Picture Dialog Box
ay:vmrnfjzpfonf/ ykH (2-15) wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif;jrif&rnf/
4if;rS rdrdxnfhvkdaom ykH&Sd&mae&mokdYoGm;NyD;
ykHukda&G;um Insert Button ukdClick vkyfyguPicture onfDocument
twGif; a&muf&SdoGm;rnf/Picture a&muf&SdoGm;yguPicture
Tools onfFormat Tab ESifUtwlay:vmygrnf/ ykH (2-16) wGif
jyoxm;onfhtwkdif;jrif&rnf/xkdokdY xyfrHay:vmaom Tab ukd
Contextual Tab[kac:onf/Contextual Tabonf

24
 xnfhoGif;vkdufaomObjectESifhoufqkdifaom Editing Tools
rsm;yg0ifNyD;Object ukd Editing vkyfEkdifonf/ Format Tab
rSAdjust, Picture Styles, Arrange, Size ponfhGroup rsm;rS Tools
rsm;ukdokH;jyKíPicture ukd Editing jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/

ykH (2-16) Insert Picture Dialog Box

ykH (2-16) Picture Tools

(2) Clip Art/ Clip Artukd Click vkyfygu Window \ nmbufjcrf;wGif Clip
Art Pane wpfckay:vmrnfjzpfonf/ ,cif Microsoft Word 2007 wGif
Organizae cliprS wqifhxyfrHa&G;&onf/ Microsoft Word
2010wGifClip Art Pane \ Result should be: box wGif All media file types
ukd a&G;um Search for: rS Go ukdESdyfygu Media file types
tm;vkH;ay:vmrnfjzpfonf/ ykH (1-17) wGif jyxm;onf/ All media file
types rS Illustration, Photographs, Videos, AudioponfwkdYrS
rdrdxnfhvkdaom Media file types ukd a&G;ívnf;xnfhEkdifonf/
rdrdxnfhvkdaomae&mukd Insertion Point xm;NyD;
ay:vmaomykHrsm;rS xnfhvkdaom ykHukdkda&G;um
Dragvkyfjcif;jzifh Document twGif;okdY xnfhEdkifygonf/

25
 ykH (2-17) Clip Art Pane
(3) Shapes/ Shapes ukdClickvkyfyguf Recently Used Shapes, Lines, Basic
Shapes, Block Arrows, Flowchart, Callouts, Stars and BannersponfhShape
Group rsm; ay:vmrnf/ ykH (2-18) wGifjyoxm;onf/
tokH;jyKvkdaom Shape wpfckudka&G;cs,fíDocument ay:wGif Plus
Pointer av;ukd Drag vkyfNyD;qGJEkdifonf/ Shape ykHay:aepOf
4if;ykHtm; jyKjyif&eftwGuf DrawingTools ay:aernf/ 4if;&Sd Insert
Shapes, Shape Styles, Shadow Effects,3-D Effects, Arragne, Size
ponfwkdUrS vkdtyfaom ToolsukdtokH;jyKíEditing
jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/ ykH (2-19) wGifjyoxm;ygonf/

26
 ykH (2-18)Shapes

ykH (2-19) Drawing Tools

(4) SmartArt / SmartArt ukd Click vkyfygu Choose a SmartArt Graphic
Dialog Box ay:vmrnfjzpfonf/ ykH (2-20)
wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif;jrif&rnf/ 4if;wGif List, Process, Cycle,
Hierarchy, Relationship, Matrix, Pyramid ponfhDiagrams
rsm;yg&Sdonf/ rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaom Diagram Group ukd Select
NyD; ay:vmaom Diagram rsm;rS
a&G;cs,ftokH;jyKEkdifonf/Document twGif; Diagram
a&muf&SdoGm;ygu SmartArt Tools ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Design Tab
ESifhFormat Tab wGif vkdtyfaom Diesign rsm;a&G;cs,fjcif;?Text
rsm;ESifU Data rsm; xnfhoGif;jcif;? Format
rsm;jyKjyifjcif;jzifhEditing jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/

27
 ykH (2-20) Choose a SmartArt Graphic Dialog Box

ykH (2-21) SmartArt Tools

(5) Chart/ Chartukd Click vkyfygu Insert Chart Dialog Box
ay:vmrnfjzpfonf/ ykH (2-22) wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif;jrif&rnf/
4if;wGif Column, Line, Pie, Bar, Area, XY(Scatter), Stock, Surface,
Doughnut, Bubble, Radar ponfhChart Type
DesignykHpHtrsdK;rsdK;yg&Sdonf/ rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaom Chart
Type ukd Select vkyfNyD; ay:vmaom Chartrsm;rS
rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaom ykHpHukd
a&G;cs,ftokH;jyKEkdifonf/Chart onf Document
twGif;a&muf&SdonfESifh wpfNydKif;wnf; 4if; Chart
ESifhoufqkdifaom Data rsm;jznfh&eftwGuf Excel Window
ay:vmrnf/ Chart onf Document twGif;a&muf&SdoGm;ygu Chart
Tools ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Design Tab, Layout Tab ESifhFormat Tab
wkdYwGif vkdtyfaom Design rsm;a&G;cs,fjcif;?Text rsm;ESifU
Data rsm; Edit vkyfjcif;? Layout ESifh Format
rsm;jyKjyifjcif;jzifhEditing jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/

28
 ykH (2-22) Insert Chart Dialog Box

ykH (2-23) Chart Tools

(6) Screenshot/ Screenshot onfMicrosoft Word 2007
Versionaemufykdif;xGufaom versionrsm;wGif yg0ifvmonf/
zGifhxm;aom File rsm;ukdScreenshot ukd ESdyfjcif;jzifhDocument
twGif;xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/
(*) Links/ Links wGif Hyperlink, Bookmark ESifh Cross-reference wkdY
yg0ifonf/ Hyperlink omtokH;rsm;onf/Document wGifHyperlink
ay;xm;jcif;jzifhay;xm;aom Address twkdif;Location ae&m&Sd file
ukdzGifhEkdifonf/
(C) Header & Footer/ Header & Footer wGif Header, Footer ESifh Page Number
wkdY yg0ifonf/

ykH ( 2-24) Header & Footer Group

(1) Header/Footer/ Header (or) Footer ukdClick vkyfygu Built-In Dialog
Box ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS ay;xm;aomBlank, Blank(Three Columns),
Alphabat, Annual ponfhykHpHwkdYrS ESpfouf&ma&G;NyD;
29
 rdrdxnfhvkdaom pmom;udkfa&;xnfhEkdifonf/a&;NyD;om;
Header/Footer ukd jyifvkdygu Edit Header/Footer wGif
jyifEkdifNyD; zsufvkdyg Remove Header/Footer ukd ESdyfygu
ysufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/

ykH ( 2- 25) Header Built-In Dialog Box

(2) Page Number/ Page Number onf pmrsufESm
eHygwfrsm;wyf&mwGif tokH;jyKonf/Page NumberwGifTop Page,
Bottom Page, Page Margins, Current Position, Format Page Numbers ESifh
Remove Page NumberswkdUyg0ifrnf/ rdrdxnfhvkdaom
ykHpHa&G;NyD;xnfhEkdifonf/Format Page Numbersonf
pmrsufESmeHygwfykHpH jyifvkdaomtcgwGif
tokH;jyKonf/Remove Page Numbersonfxnfhxm;aom
pmrsufESmeHygwfrsm;udk jyefzsufvkdaomtcg tokH;jyKonf/

30
 ykH ( 2- 26) Page Number
(i) Text / Text Group wGif Text Box, Quick Parts, WordArt, Drop Cap ESifh
Signature Line, Date&Time, ObjectwkdY yg0ifonf/ ykH (2-27)
wGifjyoxm;onf/

ykH ( 2- 27) Text Group

(1) Text Box / Document twGif; Text Box xnfhoGif;&efokH;onf/ Text
Box ukd Shape Group rS vnf;xnfhoGif;Ekdifygonf/Text Boxukd
Click vkyfygu Built-In Dialog Boxay:vmrnf/ 4if;&dS Sample rsm;rS
tvkd&Sd&mukd xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/

31
 ykH ( 2- 28) Built-In Text Dialog Box
(2) Quick Parts/ Quick Parts wGifAuto Text, Document Property, Field,
Building Blocks OrganizerponfwkdY yg0ifonf/Document Property
rSAbstract, Author ponfwkdUrS wpfckckukd Click vkyfjcif;jzifh
Document twGif;xnfhoGif;NyD; vkdtyfaom
pmrsm;&kdufxnfhEkdifonf/
(3) WordArt / WordArtonf pmvkH; Design rsm;
jyKvkyfxnfhoGif;vkdonfhtcgwGif tokH;jyKonf/ WordArt ukd
Click vkyfygu WordArt Design rsm;ay:vmrnf/ ykH (2-29)
wGifjyoxm;onf/ 4if;rS rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaomWordArt Design ukd
a&G;Ekdifygonf/ ay:vmaomWordArt Text Dialog Box &Sd Your text
hereukd rdrd ajymif;vkdaom Font, Size, StylewkdUukda&G;NyD;
pm&kdufum OK ukd Clickvkyfyg/ WordArt Design ukd
jyKjyifvkdygu ay:vmaomDrawing Tools rSWordArt Styles Tools
rsm;udk tokH;jyKíDesign ukd Editing jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/ ykH
( 2-30) wGifjyxm;onf/

32
 ykH (2-29) WordArt Design

ykH (2-30) WordArt Styles

(4) Drop Cap / Drop Caponf pmykd'f\ tppmvkH;rsm;ukd ”Capital Letter
jyKvkyfvkdaomtcg tokH;jyKonf/ pmykd'f\ tpwGif Cursor csíDrop
Cap rS Dropped (or) In margin ukdESdyfygu tppmvkH;onf Capital
Letter jzpfoGm;rnf/jyefjzKwfvkdygu Nome ukd a&G;yg/

ykH (2-31) Drop Cap

(5) Signature Line/ Signature Line onf”Document twGif;Signature Line,
Digital Signature rsm;xnfhoGif;vkdaomtcgokH;onf/

33
(6) Date & Time/ Date & Timeonf”Document twGif;
vkdtyfaomae&mwGif xnfhoGif;vkdaomtcgokH;onf/Date & Time
ukd Click ygu Date & Time Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS
vkdtyfaomFormat ukd a&G;íxnfhEkdifonf/

ykH (2-32) Date & Time Dialog Box

(7) Object/ Object onf”Document twGif; tjcm;
ObjectxnfhoGif;vkdaomtcgokH;onf/ Objectukd Click ygu Object
Dialog Box ay:vmNrnf/ 4if;rS vkdtyfaom Objectukd
a&G;íxnfhEkdifonf/Text from File ukdClick yguInsert File Dialog Box
vmrnf/ 4if;rS vkdtyfaomObject ukd xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/

34
 ykH (2-33) Object Dialog Box

ykH (2-34) Insert File Dialog Box

(p) Symbols/ Symbols Group wGif EquationESifh SymbolwkdY yg0ifonf/

35
ykH (2-35) Symbols Group
(1) Equation/ EquationukdClick vkyfygu Built-In Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/
4if;rS ay;xm;aomEquations rsm;ukd ESpfouf&m
a&G;xnfhEkdifygonf/Insert New EquationrSvnf;
Equationtopfrsm;xyfxnfhEkdifonf/

ykH (2-36) Built-In Equation Dialog Box

(2) Symbol/ Symbol ukdClick vkyfygu Symbol Box ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS
ay;xm;aomSymbol rsm;ukd ESpfouf&m a&G;xnfhEkdifygonf/
More Symbolsukd Clickvkyfygu Symbol Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS
Symbol topfrsm;xyfxnfhEkdifonf/

36
 (ykH 2-36) Symbol Dialog Box

Page Layout Tab

7/ Page Layout Tab wGif Temes, Page Setup, Page Background, Paragraph ESifh Arrange
aom Group Ribbons rsm;yg0ifonf/ ykH (2-37) wGifjyxm;ygonf/

ykH (2-37) Page Layout Tab

(u) Themes / Themes GroupwGifyg&SdaomBuilt-In Themes Style rsm;rS
tokH;jyKvkdaom Themes ukda&G;cs,f tokH;jyKEkdifonf/Document
themes wGifTheme Colors, Theme Fonts ESifhThemes Effects
ponfwkdYyg0ifonf/

ykH (2-38) Themes

(c) Page Setup / Page Setup wGif Margins, Orientation, Size, Colums, Breaks, Line
Numbers, HyphenationponfwkdY yg0ifonf/

37
ykH (2-39) Page Setup Group
(1) Margins/ Marginsukd Click vkyfygu Margin
Typersm;ay:vmrnfjzpfonf/ ykH (2-40)
wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif;jrif&rnf/ 4if;wkdUrS default
ay;xm;aomNormal, Narrow, Moderate, Wide, Mirroredrsm;rS
wpfckukdClick vkyfygu 4if;\default ay;xm;onfh twkdif;twmtwkdif;
Margintwkdif;twmjzpfoGm;rnf/ Default Margin Typersm;rokH;bJ
rdrdtwkdif;twmtwkdif; tokH;jyKvkdygu Custom Margins rS
ESdyfNyD;ajymif;vJ tokH;jyKEkdifonf/Custom
MarginsukdESdyfygu Page Setup Dialog Boxay:vmygrnf/ ykH (2-41)
wGif jyoxm;onfhtwkdif;jrif&rnf/ Page Setup Tab rSdown
arrowukdESdyfjcif;jzifhvnf; Page Setup ukdtokH;jyKonf/Page Setup
Dialog BoxwGif Margin, Paper, LayoutponfwkdUyg0ifonf/
Margins&Sd Left, Right, Top, Bottom wkdUwGif
rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaom twkdif;twmrsm;xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/
Orientation&Sd Portrait (or) Landscape
a&G;ay;&onf/PaperukdESdyfNyD;A4, Legal, Letter
ponfhwkdYPaper sizeukda&G;ay;onf/ LayoutwGifSection, Headers
and Footers Page, Previewponfhyg0ifonf/

38
 ykH (2-40) Margins

ykH (2-41) Page Setup Dialog Box

(2) Orientation / Orientation onf pm&Guftaetxm; a&G;ay;&efjzpfonf/
Portrait (a'gifvkduftaetxm;)(or) Landscape(tvsm;vkduftaetxm;)rS
wpfcka&G;ay;&onf/ Default taejzifh Portrait jzpfaernf/

39
(3) Size/ pm&Guft&G,ftpm; a&G;ay;&efjzpfonf/ ay;xm;aomPaper
Sizersm;rS wpfckukda&G;ay;&onf/ Oyrm-A4 (or) Legal

ykH (2-42) Paper Sizes

(4) Columns / Document twGif; Column
cGJNyD;tokH;jyKvkdaomtcga&G;ay;&onf/ One onf Default
jzpfonf/ Tow, Three, Left, Right ponfwkdUrS rdrdtokH;jyKvkdonfh
ColumntrsdK;tpm;a&G;ay;&onf/ More Columns ukdESdyfygu
Column Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ 4if;wGif rdrdxm;vkdaom
ColumntuGmta0;ukd Edit vkyfEkdifonf/

(ykH 2-43) Columns

40
 ykH (2-44) Columns Dialog Box
(5) Breaks/ Page BreaksESifYSection Breaks ESpfrsdK;yg0ifonf/ ykH(2-
45) wGifjyxm;onf/ Page Breaks ESifY Section Breaks wkdYwGif
yg0ifaom ykHpHrsdK;pkHukdawGU&rnf/ rdrdjyKvkyfvkdaom
ykHpHukda&G;ay;&onf/ rdrdjyKvkyfxm;aomPage Break, Section
BreakponfwkdUukdBreakjyefjzKwfvkdygu jyKvkyfxm;aom
ae&mwGif Cursor csNyD; Delete Key ukdESdyfjcif;jzifU
jyefjzKwfEkdifonf/

41
 ykH(2-45) Breaks
(6) Line Numbers / Lines numbersonfDocument twGif;&Sd Linersm;tm;
eHygwfpOFjzifU azmfjyay;Ekdif&eftokH;jyKonf/
tokH;jyKvkdygu Continuous ukd a&G;&NyD; jyefjzKwfvkdygu
None ukd jyefa&G;ay;&onf/

ykH(2-46) Line Numbers

(7) Hyphenation / HyphenationonfDocumenttwGif;&SdpmaMumif;\
tqHk;wGif&SdToo Long words rsm;onf pmaMumif;twGif;wGif
0ifqefYrI r&Sdygu toHk;jyKonf/toHk;jyK&ef
udka&G;yg/ jyefjzKwfvdkygu udka&G;yg/

ykH(2-47) Hyphenation
(*) Page Background / Page Background wGif Watermark, Page Color ESifhPage
Bolders ponfwkdY yg0ifonf/

ykH(2-48) Page Background

(1) Watermark/ Watermark (okdUr[kwf) a&pm onf pm (okdUr[kwf)
ykHukdDocument &Sd pmom;rsm;aemufwGif Copy Right Protection
twGuf aemufcHtjzpf xnfhvkdaomtcgwGif tokH;jyKonf/Watermark
button ukd Select vkyfygu ykH (2-49) wGif jyxm;onfhtwkdif;
42
 Confidential Dilog Box ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Custom Watermark ukd Select
vkyfNyD; rdrdxnfhvkdaom pm (okdUr[kwf) ykHukd Edit
vkyfNyD;xnfhEkdifonf/ jyefzsufvkdygu Remove Watermark ukd
ESdyfNyD;zsufEkdifonf/

ykH(2-49) Wartermark Confidential Dialog Box

(2) Page Color/ Page Coloronf Document \ Background ukd color rsm;
xnfhoGif;&eftokH;jyKonf/Page Color &SdTheme Color, Standard
Color wkdUrS rdrd ESpfouf&m color ukd a&G;Ekdifonf/
xkdUtjyifMore Color, Fill Effects wdkUrSvnf;color rsm;ukd
pdwfBudKufedit vkyfNyD;xnfhEkdifonf/

43
 ykH(2-50) Page Color Dialog Box

(3) Page Borders/ Page BorderonfPage rsm;ukdBorder xnfhay;&ef

tokH;jyKonf/ 4if;tjyifBorders and Shading Dialog Box rS Borders, Page
Border, Shading &SdBorder Style, Bolder Color, Background Color
rsm;ukd vkdtyfovkd xnfhoGif;jyKjyifEkdifonf/

ykH(2-51) Page Borders Dialog Box

(4) Paragraph/ Paragraph &SdIndent onf pmykd'f\Left Margin ESifh Right
Margin wkdYrS tuGmta0;owfrSwfay;vkdvQiftokH;jyKonf/
tuGmta0;twkdif;twmukd &kdufxnfhjcif;jzifYvnf;aumif;? up arrow

44
 / down arrow rsm;ukd twkd;tavQmYjyKvkyfjcif;jzifUvnf;aumif;
owfrSwfEkdifonf/ Spacing onf pmykd'frsm;\ txufatmuf
tuGmta0;owfrSwfay;vkdvQif tokH;jyKonf/Before/After rsm;wGif
tuGmta0;&kdufxnfhjcif; (okdUr[kwf) up/down arrow
rsm;tokH;jyKNyD;Paragraph spacing ukd owfrSwfEkdifonf/Dialog
Box Launcher ukdClick vkyfNyD; ay:vmaomParagraph Dialog Box
&SdGeneral, Indentation, Spacing wkdUwGifvnf;
rdrdowfrSwfvkdaom twkdif;twmukdEdit vkyfEkdifygonf/ ykH
(2- 52) ESifU (2-53) wGifjyxm;onf/

ykH(2-52) Paragraph

ykH(2-53) Paragraph &Sd Indent / Spacing tokH;jyKjcif;

(5) Arrange / ArrangewGifPositon, Text Wrapping, Bring Forward, Send
Backword, Selection Pane, Align, Group, Rotateponf yg0ifonf/
xnfhoGif;xm;aomGraphic Imagersm; (okdYr[kwf) qGJxm;aom
Object rsm;ukdyHko@ef ESifh taetxm;rsm;udk JjyKjyif&mwGif
tokH;jyKonf/Positiononf Page ay:wGif xnfhoGif;xm;aomykHtm;
rdrdxnfhvkdaom ykHESifUpm\ taetxm;ykHpHukd
tokH;jyK&mwGifokH;onf/Text Wrapping onf Object ukd Text
rsm;u ygwfvnfwGif &Sdaeapvkdygu tokH;jyKonf/Bring Forward
45
 onf a&G;xm;aomImage (or) Object ukd tjcm;aomImage (or) Object
rsm;\ tay:ykdUvkdaomtcg tokH;jyKonf/Send Backword
onf&G;xm;aomImage (or) Object ukd tjcm;aomImage (or) Object
rsm;\ atmufokdU ykdUvkdaomtcg tokH;jyKonf/Align onf
a&G;cs,fxm;aom Object rsm; (okdYr[kwf) Textrsm; tm; Margin\
Left? Center, Right, Top, Middle, Bottom, Align to Page, Align to
Marginponfhjzihf taetxm; ñSdvdkaomtcgwGifoHk;onf/Grouponf
a&G;cs,fxm;aom Objectrsm;tm;Groupvkyf&efESihf Ungroup,
Regroupvkyf&efvkdaomtcg okH;onf/ Rotate onf a&G;cs,fxm;aom
Objecttm; Rotatevkyf&efESihf Flipvkyf&efokH;onf/

ykH(2-54) Arrange Group

References Tab
8/ References Tab wGif Table of Contents, Footnotes, Citations & Bibliography, Captions,
IndexESifh Table of Authoritiesrsm;yg0ifonf/ ykH (2-55) wGifjyxm;ygonf/
4if;wkdYtxJrS tokH;rsm;aom Table of Contents ESifh Footnotes
ukdomazmfjyoGm;rnf/

ykH(2-55) References Tab

(u) Tables of Contents / Table of Contents onfDocument wGif rmwdum
xnhf&efokH;onf/ Document wpfckwGif Body Text (pmukd,f)? Heading
(acgif;pOf) rsm;yg&Sd&m? Table of Contents(rmwdum) wGif
yg0ifvkdaomacgif;pOfrsm;tm; Level1? Level2? Leve3 ponfjzihf
owfrSwfay;&rnf/ xkdokdYjyKvkyf&ef acgif;pOf Text a&G;yg/ Table
of Contents rS Add Text ukd a&G;NyD; ay:vmaom List rS Level1
ukda&G;&rnf/ykH(2-56) Document&Sd acgif;pOfrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
Level rsm;owfrSwfNyD;ygu? rmwdum
xnhfvkdaomxdyfqkH;pmrsufESmwGif Cursorxm;NyD; Table of
Contents ukd Click vkyfyg/ ay:vmaom Built-InrS Automatic Table1
46
 ukda&G;yg/ykH(2-57) wGifjyxm;onf/ rmwdumtm;zsufvkdygu Table
OfContents ukd Click vkyfNyD; Remove Table of Contents
ukda&G;jcif;jzifh jyefzsufEkdifygonf/

ykH(2-56) Add Text

ykH(2-57) Built-In Dialog Box of Tables of Contents

(c) Footnotes / DocumentwGifFootnote?Endnotexnhf&efokH;onf/ ykH(2-
58)DocumentxJ&SdText wpfckudkFootnotejzifh az:jyvdkyguInsert
Footnote udkClickjyKvkyfyg/Page\
BottomwGifeHywfpOfESifhaz:jyygonf/ xnfh&rnfh pmom;udk
½kdufxnfhyg/FootnoteudkzsufvdkyguDocumentxJ&SdFootnotetrSwfpOf
47
 udk zsufyg/Document\tqHk;wGifEndnote jzifhaz:jyvdkyguInsert Endnote
udkClickvkyfí ay:vmaomEndnote{&d,mwGifaz:jyvdkaom pmudk
½kdufxnfhyg/EndnoteudkzsufvdkyguDocumentxJ&SdEndnotetrSwfpOfu
dk zsufyg/FootnoteESifhEndnotewkdY\Formatudk
jyifqifvdkyguFootnotesDialog Box LauncgerudkClick vkyfvQifFootnote and
Endnote Dialig Box ay:vmrnfyHk(2-59)/4if;rSLocationESifhFormatwGif
vdktyfovdk jyifqifowfrSwfíApplyudkClick
vkyfyg/DocumenttwGif;&SdFootnotewpfckrSaemufwpfckodkY
(okdYr[kwf) EndnotewpfckrS aemufwpfck odkY tjyeftvSef
oGm;vdkyguNext FootnoteudkClickvkyfNyD;ay:vmaomMenurS
vkdtyfovkda&G;yg/Footnote(okdYr[kwf)Endnote&Sdpmom;rsm;ukdjyi
f&ef twGuf 4if;{&d,modkYoGm;vdkyguShow Notes udkClick vkyfyg/

ykH(2-58) Footnotes

ykH(2-59) Footnote and Endnote Dialog Box

Mailings Tab
8/ Mailing Tab wGif Create,Start Mail Merge, Write & Insert Fields, Preview Results,
Finish ESifhAcrobat wkdUyg0ifonf/Mail ykdU&mwGif tokH;jyKonf/Envelopes

48
pmtdyfykHpHzefwD;jcif;? Lebel rsm;jyKvkyfjcif; ponfjzifU tokH;jyKEkdifonf/
ykH (2-60) wGifMailling Tab Group ukd jyxm;onf/

ykH(2-60) Mailing Tab

Review Tab
9/ Reviw Tab wGif Proofing, Language, Comments, Tracking, Changes, Compare
ESifhProtect ponfwkdUyg0ifonf/ Proofing Gropu &SdSpelling&Grammar, Research
ESifUWord Count wkdUom tokH;rsm;onf/ ykH (2-61) wGif Review Tab ukd
jyxm;onf/

ykH(2-61) Review Tab

View Tab
10/ View Tab wGif Document Views, Show, Zoom, Window ESifhMacros
wkdUyg0ifonf/ ykH (2-62) wGifjyxm;onf/

ykH(2-62) View Tab

(u) Document Views/Print Layout?Full Screen Reading?Web Layout?
OutlineESihfDraftponfjzihf jrifuGif;trsKd;rsKd;yg&SdNyD;Wrod
Processing jyKvkyf&mwGifPrint Layout ukdom tokH;jyKygonf/

49
 ykH(2-63) Document Views
(c ) Show/Hide/Ruler?Gridlines?Message Bar?Document map ESihf
ThumbnailsponfCheck Box rsm;yg&Sdonf/Rulerukd ay:ap&efRuler Check
BoxwGif Marking vkyf&efjzpfNyD;?Ruler ukd
azsmufxm;&efMarkingukdjzKwf&rnf/Gridlines?Message Bar?Document
map ESihfThumbnailsponfwkdY\ay:jcif;^aysmufjcif;rsm;ukd
jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/
( * ) Zoom/ 100%?One page?Two pages ESihf Page width
ponfwkdYyg&Sdonf/Document \PagejrifuGif;ukd100%taetxm;jzihf
ay:apvkdygu100%ukdClickvkyf&rnf/One Page
ukdClickvkyfyguPagewpfckvkH;ay:rnf/Two
PagesukdClickvkyfyguPageESpfckonf,SOfwJG ay:rnf/Page Width
ukdClickvkyfyguPage width tjynhf ay:rnf/ZoomukdClickvkyfvsifZoom
Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ykH(2-64) 4if;rS200%?100%?75% ponfjzihf
&mckdifEIef; tvkdufa&G;cs,fEkdifonf/Page width
ukda&G;vsifPagetus,ftwkdif; tjynhfay:rnf/Text width ukda&G;vsifPage
&SdText width twkdif;ay:rnf/Whole page
ukda&G;vsifPagewpfckvkH;ay:rnf/PercentwGif &mckdifEIef;ukd
vkdtyfovkd a&G;cs,f Ekdifonf/

50
 ykH(2-64) Zoom Dialog Box
( C ) Window/4if;wGifNew Window?Arrange All?Remove Split?View Side by
Side?Synchronous Scrolling ESihf ResetWindow Position
ponfwkdYyg&Sdonf/New Window ukd Click vkyfvsifCurrent Document
wGifaemufwindow wpfck xyfay:vmrnf/Arange All ukdClickvkyfvsif
wpfckxufykdízGihfxm;aomwindow rsm;tm;Side by Side ay:vmrnf/Split
ukdClickvkyfyguCurrent window tm;
txufatmufcJGay;rnf/jyefjzKwfvkdyguRemove Split ukd
Clickvkyfyg/View Side by SideukdClick vkyfvsifzGifhxm;
aomwindowsrsm;tm;Side by Side ay:vmrnf/Switch Windows ukd
Clickvkyfvsif zGifhxm;aomwindowsrsm;tm; wpfckrS wpfckokdY
ajymif;zGihf&efjzpfonf/
Using Tabs
11/ Tabsrsm;ukdokH;jyK&eftwGufRulerukd okH;&rnf/Ruleray:aeap&efVertical
Scroll Bar\xdyfwGif&SdaomView ruler button ukdClickvkyfyg/Ruler\
b,fbuftqkH;wGif&SdaomTabselectorukdClickvkyfjcif;jzihfTabrsm;ukdajymif;Ekdifo
nf/4if;wkdYrSRuleray:&Sd xm;vkdaomae&mwGifClickvkyfyg/Tabsrsm;rSm Left
Tab? Center Tab? Right Tab? Decimal Tab? Bar
TabwkdYjzpfygonf/Tabrsm;tokH;jyKykHtm; ykH(3-14)jzihfazmfjyygonf/Tabrsm;\
tuGmta0;ukd od&Sd&efRuleray:wGifDouble Clickvkyfjcif;jzihf ay:vmaomTabsDialog
boxwGifMunhfEkdifygonf/
51
ykH(2-65) Example of using Tabs
Shortcut Keys
12/ Microsoft Word tokH;jyKaom Shortcut Keys rsm;rSm-

(u) Ribbon
Home Alt + H
Insert Alt + N
Page Layout Alt + P
References Alt + S
Mailings Alt + M
Review Alt + R
View Alt + W
Insert Alt + N
Page Layout Alt + P
( c ) General Actions
Show / Hide Ribbon Ctrl + F1
Office button Alt + F
Save the current document Ctrl+S
Open a previously saved document Ctrl+O
New blank document Ctrl+N
Print Ctrl+P
( * )Moving the text cursor
Jump to the beginning of the row Home
Jump to the end of the row End
Jump to the beginning of the document Ctrl+Home
Jump to the end of the document Ctrl+End
Jump one word to the right Ctrl+Arrow right
Jump one word to the right Ctrl+Arrow left
(C) Selecting text
Selecting the whole document Ctrl+A
(i) Formatting
Bold Ctrl+B
52
 Italic Ctrl+I
Underline Ctrl+U
Increase font by 1 Ctrl+]
Decrease font by 1 Ctrl+[
(q) Paragraphs
Align text to the right Ctrl+R
Align text to the left Ctrl+L
Align text to the center Ctrl+E
Increase indentation Ctrl+M
Decrease Indentation Ctrl+Shift+M
Set line spacing to single Ctrl+1
Set line spacing to double Ctrl+2
Set line spacing to 1.5 Ctrl+5
(Z) Edit
Undo last action(s) Ctrl+Z
Repeat last action(s) Ctrl+Y
Copy Ctrl+C
Cut Ctrl+X
Paste Ctrl+V
(ps) Find and Replace
Find Ctrl+F
Replace Ctrl+H

53
 tcef; (3)
Myanmar3 Unicode Font tokH;jyKjcif;
Unicode (,leDuk'f) qkdwmbmvJ
13/ UnicodeqkdonfrSm EkdifiHwkdif;wGif tokH;jyKvQuf&Sdaom
tu©&mpmvkH;rsm;twGuf rnfonfh PlatformwGifjzpfap? rnfonfh Program
wGifjzpfap? rnfonfh Language wGifjzpf oD;jcm;owfrSwfay;xm;aom
eHygwfrsm;jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh ,leDuk'fqkdonfrSm
urÇmokH;pum;vkH;tm;vkH;rS tu©&mpmvkH;wkdif;twGuf
wdusaomeHygwfwpfvkH;wnf;om owfrSwfay;aom bkHokH;pepf[lí
vnf;ac:qkdMuonf/ uGefysLwmonf *Pef;awGukdomodNyD; tvGefwdusaom Device
jzpfygonf/ vlom;wkdUtwGuf tjrifjzifh qkH;jzwfEkdifaomfvnf; uGefysLwmtwGuf
wdusaom owfrSwfcsufrsm;vkdtyfygonf/ 4if; owfrSwfcsufukd ASCII ( American
Standard Code for Information Interchange) Code [kac:onf/ owfrSwfxm;aom
*Pef;rsm;ukd Code Point [kac:onf/ ykH (3-1) wGif jyoxm;onf/

ykH(3-1) Code Points

Myanmar Unicode orkdif;tusOf;
14/ jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf jrefrmpmuk'fydGKifh&&Sd&eftwGuf 1995
ckESpfuwnf;uUnicode Consotium okdU wifoGif;cJYonf/The Unicode Standard (ISO
10646) pepfESifhukdufnDaom jrefrmpmpepf jzpfay:vma&;twGuf
jrefrmEkdifiHuGefysLwmtoif;csKyf? jrefrmEkdifiHuGefysLwm&Siftoif;ESifh
jrefrmpmtzGJUrS ynm&Sifrsm;onf 2004ckESpfuwnf;uyif
pwifBudK;yrf;cJYMuonf/ 2005ckESpfwGif vif;epfjrefrmpmtaxmuftuljyKpepf
54
prf;oyf tqifh (1)ukd jzefYcsdcJYonf/ 2006
ckESpfwGif ,leDuk'fokH;jrefrmpmvkH;pepf prf;oyftqifh (1) Myanmar1 ukd
jzefYcsdcJYonf/ Myanmar1 ‘\ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd jyKjyifNyD; prf;oyftqifh (2)
Myanmar2 ukd xyfrHjzefcsdcJYygonf/ xkdUaemuf 2007 ckESpfwGif ,leDuk'fokH;
jrefrmpmvkH;pepf prf;oyftqifh (2) \ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd
xyfrHjyKjyifí ,leDuk'fokH; jrefrmpmvkH;pepf prf;oyftqifh (3) ukd jzefUcsdygonf/
2010 ckESpf Zgefv (14) &ufaeUrSpí jrefpH(Smart) pmpDpm&kdufpepf (3) –
Myanmar3 ‘tm; uGefysLwmokH;jrefrmpmpepf taumiftxnfazmfjcif;tzGJUrS
trsm;jynfolrsm; tokH;jyKEkdif&ef tcrJYjzefYcsdcJYygonf/
Myanmar3 Unicode SoftwareInstalljyKvkyfjcif;
15/ Myanmar3 Unicode tokH;jyKeftwGuf yxrOD;pGm Keyman 6.2 softwareukd
Instrall jyKvkyf&onf/Keyman_free_6_2 Application ukd Double Click ay;ygu ykH (3-2)
twkdif;jrif&NyD; Install Button ukd ESdyfyg/

ykH (3-2)
16/ xkdYaemuf ykH (3-3) wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif; Next Button ukd
ESdyf&rnf/

55
 ykH (3-3)
17/ ykH (3-4) wGifjyxm;onfh twkdif; Check Box wGif Select ay;NyD; Next Button
ukd ESdyfyg/

ykH (3-4)
18/ xkdUaemuf atmufwGifazmfjyxm;aom ykH (3-5) twkdif; Next Button ukd
ESdyfyg/

56
 ykH (3-5)
19/ ykH (3-6) wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif; Next Button ukd ESdyfyg/

ykH (3-6)
20/ xkdUaemuf ykH (3-7) wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; Finish Button ukd
ESdyfyg/ xkdtcg Welcome to Tavultesoft Keyman Dialog Box ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Close
Button ukd ESdyf&rnf/

ykH (3-7)
21/ Instrall jyKvkyfNyD;ygu uGefysLwmatmufajc&Sd Taskbar \ nmbufwGif
Keyman 6.2 Icon ay:vmrnf/ ykH (3-8) wGifjyxm;onf/

57
ykH (3-8) Keyman 6.2 Icon
22/ Keyman 6.2 Icon ukd Right Click NyD; Keyman Configuration ukd a&G;ay;&rnf/
ykH (3-9) wGifjyxm;onf/

ykH (3-9) Keyman Configuration

23/ xkdUaemuf ykH (3-10) wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif; Keyman Configuration Dialog Box
ay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Install Keyboard Button ukd ESdyf&rnf/ Keyman Configuration ukd
a&G;ay;&rnf/

58
ykH (3-10) Keyman Configuration Dialog Box
24/ ykH (3-11) wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif;
Myanmar3ukda&G;&eftwGufMyanmar3_Unicode Folder atmufokdUoGm;&rnf/
4if;rSMyanmar3 ukda&G;NyD; Open ukd ESdyf&rnfjzpfonf/

ykH (3-11)
24/ xkdUaemuf ykH (3-12) wGifjyxm;onfhtwkdif; Install Button ukd ESdyfyg/

59
ykH (3-12) Install Keyboard
25/ Install jyKvkyfNyD;onfhaemuf ykH (3-13) wGifjyxm;onfh twkdif; Myanmar3
Keyboard ajymif;&eftwGuf 1*rdrdESpfouf&m Key xm;&ef a&G;yg/ xkdUaemuf
2*OK Button ukd ESdyf&rnf/

ykH (3-13) Select Shortcut Key for Myanmar3 Keyboard

Myanmar3 Unicode Font tokH;jyKjcif;
15/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif Win Fonts (e.g- Win---Innwa, -Win---Researcher, -Win---
Taungyi, etc.) ESifY Zawgyi Fonts wkdUom tokH;rsm;Muonf/
xkdaMumifh ,cktcsdefxd 4if; Fonts rsm;ukdom pGJjrJpGmokH;aeMuao;onf/
Unicode tm; tuRrf;0ifrI enf;yg;ao;ojzifh ,leDuk'ftm; tokH;jyKolrsm;onfvnf;
enf;yg;aeao;onf/ okdUaomf ,cktcgwGif Unicode tm; Standard taejzifh
60
tpkd;&&kH;rsm;wGifyg &kH;okH;tjzpf tokH;jyKvmMuNyDjzpfojzifh
rMumrDumvrsm;wGif Myanmar Unicode onf wGifus,fpGm
tokH;jyKvmawmUrnfjzpfonf/ ykH (3-14) onf jrefrmpmvkH;
uk'fyGdKifhrsm;jzpfonf/

ykH (3-14) jrefrmpmvkH;uk'fyGdKifhrsm;

16/ jrefrm,leDuk'f Font pepfonf jrefrmpm oifykef;BuD; pmvkH;aygif;wkdif;
zefwD;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdUtjyif ygVfqifhrsm;&kduf&mwGif Win Fonts
rsm;uJYokd Alt + NumberwGJ&kdufp&mrvkdawmYay/ tay:pmvkH;udk
t&if&kdufNyD; towfae&mwGif f tpm;Shift+f ukdESdyfNyD;oufqkdif&m
atmufpmvkH;ukd &kduf&onf/ 4if; Shift +f Edkyfaomtcg ay:vmaomykHpHtm;
0d&mr [kac:onf/ xkd 0d&mr\ t"duwm0efrSm pmvkH;qifha&;&efjzpfonf/
rdrdqifhvkdaom Asnf;ESpfckMum; Shift+f (0d&mr) cHvkdufonfESifh
pmvkH;qifhjzpfoGm;rnf/ 0d&mrESifU towf onf
oabmw&m;twlwlyifjzpfonf/,&pf(N ?M ?N ?B ) rsm;a&;&mwGifvnf; j ukd
ESdyf&kHjzifh Auto tBuD;?tao;cGJay;oGm;onf/ xkdUtwl wpfacsmif;iif ( k? K ) ?
ESpfacsmif;iif ( l? L) twkdt&SnfwkdUonfvnf; k,l wkdUukd ESdyf&kHjzpf twkd?
t&Snf Auto ajymif;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ykH (3-14) onf Myanmar3 Unicode Layout
(Myanmar3 vufuGuf) jzpfonf/

61
ykH (3-15) Myanmar3 Unicode Layout
17/ Asnf;rsm; (consonants) ESifUtu©&mrsm;(letters) Z,m;
ဗျည် က ခ ဂ ဃ င စ ဆ ဇ ဈ ဉ ည ဋ ဌ ဍ ဎ ဏ
Ke u c * C i p q Z Q N n # X ! ~ P
y

ဗျည် တ ထ ဒ ဓ န ပ ဖ ဗ ဘ မ ယ ရ လ ဝ သ ဿ
Ke u c * C i p q Z Q N n # X ! ~ P
y
ဗျည် ဟ ဠ အ
Ke u c *
y

အက္ခရ ဣ ဤ ဥ ဦ ဩ ဪ ၌ ၍ ၎ ၏
Key E T U M ] } Y I R \

62
1*/ Asnf;wGJrsm; (simi-vowels or Medials) Z,m;
ဗျည်တွဲ ျ ြ ွ ှ
Key s J G S

19/ o&rsm; (Vowels) Z,m;

သရ အ ာ ါ ိ ီ ု ူ ဲ ံ ့ း ်
ေ
Key t m g d D k l a J H h ; f

19/ pm&kdufykHtqifhqifh erlemrsm;

စဉ် စလုံ ပုံ စလုံ ပေင်ပုံ English Keys
၁ စို စ+ိ+ု +း p+d+k+;
၂ ကျူ က+ျ+ူ u+s+l
၃ ကြီ က+ြ+ ီ+း u+j+D+;
၄ မြို့ မ+ြ+ိ+ု +့ r+j+d+k+h
၅ နှို န+ှ +ိ+ု +း e+S+d+k+;
၆ ရှူ ရ+ှ +ူ &+S+l
၇ လျှင် လ+ျ+ှ +င+် v+s+S+i+f
၈ ငြှို င+ြ+ှ +ိ+ု I+j+d+k+;
၉ ရွှေ့ ေ+ရ+ွ+ှ +့ a+&+G+S+h
၁၀ စက္ကူ စ+က+ ္+က+ူ p+u+F(shift+f)+u+l
၁၁ အလင်္က အ+လ+င+်+္+က+ာ t+v+i+f+F+u+m
၁၂ အင်္ဂ အ+င+်+္+ဂ+ါ p+u+(shift+f)+u+l
၁၃ သဏ္ဌ န် သ+ဏ+္+ဌ+ာ+န+် o+P+F+X+m+e+f
၁၄ ဣန္ဒြေ ဣ+ေ+န+္+ဒ+ြ E+a+e+F+K+j
၁၅ ဂု ဏဝု ဍ္ဎိ ဂ+ု +ဏ+ဝ+ု +္+ဎ+ိ *+k+P+w+k+F+~+d

63
20/ rwluGJjym;aom tu©&mrsm;/ uGefysLwmtokH;jyKol trsm;pkonf
pmpDpm&kdufjyKvkyf&mwGif tcsdKUpmvkH;rsm;ukd rSm;,Gif;pGm
&kdufMuonfukdawGU&onf/ xkdaMumifh ,if;okdUrwlnDbJ uGJjym;aeom
tu©&mrsm;ukd owdjyKEkdif&eftwGuf atmufygtwkdif;azmfjyay;xm;ygonf-
(က) သု ည ‘၀’ နှ င့် ဝလုံ ‘ဝ’ မတူ ပ။
(ခ) စလုံ ရပင်စျ
‘စျ’ နှ င့် ဇမြင်ဇွဲ ‘ဈ’ မတူ ပ။
(ဂ) ညလေ ‘ဉ’ နှ င့် အက္ခရအု‘ဥဥမတူ
’ မတူပ။စ
ပါ။စ +ဉ+်=စဉ်။
(ဃ) သရရစ် ‘သြ’ နှ င့် အက္ခရအေဩမတူ
‘ဩ ’မတူပ။
ပါ
။
(င) အက္ခရ ‘ဋ္ဌ’ နှ င့် အက္ခရ ‘ဌ’ မတူ ပ။ဋ
ဋ +္+ဌ (3+F+X) ၊ ဌ-F ။ ဥက္က ဋ္ဌ= ဥ+က+္+က+ဋ+္ဌ၊
သူ ဌေ= သ+ူ +ေ+ဌ။
(စ) အက္ခရ ‘ဏ္ဌ ’ နှ င့် အက္ခရ ‘ဏ္ဍ’ မတူ ပ။ သ
သဏ္ဌ
ဏ္ န် =
ဌာန် သ+ဏ+္ဌ+ာ+န+်၊
ဘဏ္ဍ=ဘ+ဏ+ဍ+ာ။
(ဆ) ဝစ္စပေက်‘း
’ ‘နှ င့်နှ
င့်‘ :’ မတူ ပ။ ‘ :’ သည် အချိန်ရေသရတွင်
အ သုံးအသုံ
ပြု
နို
င်
ရန်ပြုနို င်ရန်
အတွက် ဖြစ်သည်။ ဥပမ- ၅:၀၀ နရီ။
(ဇ) လည်ကေင်၏
အ တို အတို
ကော က် ကေက်ရေသေ
ရေး
သော ၎နှ င့်‘၎’ ဂဏန် နှ၄
င့် ဂဏ န်း ‘၄’
တို့သည်လည် မတူ ပ။

64
 tcef; (4)
Miscrosoft Word Exercises
avUusifhcef; (1)
1/ pmydk'frsm; pwifr&dkufrD atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;twdkif; jyifqifyg/
Margins : Top = 1 in, Bottom = 1 in, Left = 1.25 in, Right = 0.75 in, Orientation :
Portrait , Page size : A4, FontFace : Time News Roman, Font Size : 14, Font Style :
Normal, Paragraph Alignment : Justify, Line Spacing : 1.5, Paragraph Spacing :
After and Before (0 pt), First Line Indent : 0.5 in

CHAPTER (1)
An Introduction To Computer
What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device capable of manipulating number and
symbols, taking an input, storing it,processing it, giving an output all under the
control of a set of instructions called a program. In other words it is a
programmable electronic device.
A computer is not just a calculating machine. It is a data processing
machine. It can be used as a word processing machine, accounting machine,
communication equipment, multi media machine, data processing machine with
audio and video entertainment capabilities.

avUusifhcef; (2)
2/ ay;xm;aompmrsm;ESifhwuG jrefrmEkdifiHtvHwpfckzefwD;yg/
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar’s Flag
Our national flag consists of three background colors-
 Yellow stripe
 Green stripe
 Red stripe and
 White star with five vertexes in the centre.

65
avUusifhcef; (3)
3/ Insert Tab rS SmartArt &Sd Hierarchy Tool ukd tokH;jyKí
atmufwGifazmfjyxm;aom Diagram wpfck zefwD;yg/
Main Parts of Computer

Computer

Hardware Software

Input /Output Deviecs System Software

Operating
System

CPU,Memory,Storage

Communication Devies

avUusifhcef; (4)
4/ Insert Tab rS Chart &Sd Coloum Tool ukd tokH;jyKí atmufwGifazmfjyxm;aom
Chartwpfck zefwD;yg/

66
 Comparison of four students’ marks
90

80

70

60

50
Myanmar
English
40
Math
30

20

10

0
Mg Mg Ko Ko Ma Ma Ni Ni

avUusifhcef; (5)
5/ atmufazmfjyyg Z,m;(Table) wpfckukd zefwD;yg/(Font-Time New Roman , Size-
14)

No. Cadet No. Cadet Name Battalion Address

1 39455 Kaung Si Thu A.N.H (3) Yangon
2 39432 Kyaw Moe A.Z.Y (5) Nay Pyin Taw
3 39542 Lin Khant Zaw B.Y.N (4) Sa Kaing
4 39421 Kaung Khat A.N.H (1) Mandalay
5 39521 Lin Thant A.Z.Y (6) Sit Tway
6 39642 Myint Moe Aung B.Y.N (2) Taungyi
7 39700 Sit Min Pine A.N.H (1) Pa Thein
8 39233 Khat Ko A.Z.Y (5) Myinn Chan
9 39123 Ko Ko Maung B.Y.N (3) Taung Thar
10 39689 Zayar Min That A.Z.Y (5) Thi Paw

avUusifhcef; (6)

67
6/ atmufazmfjyyg rsufESmzkH; (Cover) wpfck zefwD;yg/Insert Tab rS Picture,
WordArt ESifh Page Layout Tab &Sd Page Background rS Page Bolders wkdYukd
tokH;jyKyg/

avUusifhcef; (7)
7/ atmufazmfjyygvdyfpmu'f( Visiting Card) wpfck zefwD;yg/

68
avUusifhcef; (8)
8/ atmufazmfjyyg uAsmtm; a&;om;yg/
ysif;&djcif;
tvGefylEkd;? csrf;vGef;jyif0Srf;
rkd;csKyfvSarm? apmvGef;vSa,mif
qmavmifjyifaxG? 0rf;0ae
ajcmufrnf ysif;&djcif;/
om;vSwpfpk? ,cki,fu
okwynm? aeUwkdif;&SmavmU
ynmrBudKuf? ysif;&drkdufrl
aemufvkduf0efxrf;? tvkyfMurf;wGif
awGUav&rnf/
avUusifhcef; (9)
9/ pmydk'frsm; pwifr&dkufrD atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;twdkif; jyifqifyg/
Margins : Top = 1 in, Bottom = 1 in, Left = 1.25 in, Right = 0.75 in, Orientation :
Portrait , Page size : A4, FontFace : WinResearcher, Font Size : 14, Font Style :
Normal, Paragraph Alignment : Justify, Line Spacing : 1.15, Paragraph Spacing :
After (6 pt), First Line Indent : 0.5 in

trdefYemcHwwfrI
wyfrawmf\ tm; (10) yg; teuf trdefYemcHwwfjcif;onfvnf; tm;wpfyg;yif
jzpfonf/ trdefY[lonf tb,fenf;? trdefY[lonf wm0ef&Sdaom tBuD;tuJu
rdrdtm;wm0efxrf;aqmif&eftvdkYiSm odkYr[kwf
69
pnf;urf;apmihfxdef;&eftvdkYiSm wpfpHkwpf&mudk EIwfjzifhjzpfap?
pmjzifhjzpfap ñTefMum;csuf? wm0efay;tyfcsufyif jzpfayonf/
wm0efESifhywfoufíjzpfap? pnf;urf;ESifhywfoufíjzpfap rdrdtxuftqifh&Sdol\
vrf;ñTefrI? owfrSwfrIudk trdefY[k rSwf,l&rnf/ xdkudpördsK;udk tcsif;csif;
tqifhwlnDolu ajymqdkygu tMuHay;rI? aqG;aEG;rI? ñSdEIdif;rI jzpfygonf/
xdkudpörsdK;udk vufatmufi,fom;rsm;u ajymqdkvmygu wifjycsuf? tMuHjyKcsuf
jzpfygrnf/
trdefYonf w&m;0ifñTefMum;csufjzpfí av;eufrI? wdusrIoabm ouf0ifygonf/
a&Smif&ef odkYr[kwf aqmif&efudk trdefYü jywfjywfom;om; yg&Sd&rnf/ 'Gd[?
oHo,? r&Sifvif;rIrsm; trdefYwGif ryg0ifap&yg/ uREkfyfwdkY
wyfrawmfüxkwfjyefavh&Sdaom trdefYrsm;? ñTefMum;csufrsm;ü wdwdusus
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; azmfjyavh&Sdygonf/
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmf tpdk;&? umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme?
OD;? a&;? axmuf qdkif&m t&m&Sdrsm; vufpGJpmapmif (1992 ckESpf)?
tcef; (4)? pmrsufESm (84 - 85)
“vlwdkYrSwf&dk;? ppfrufxdk;aomf? tm;BudK;wif;wif;? vlcsif;csif;udk?
b,frif;zufNydKif? b,fwyfqdkif;tHh? olUEdkifiHom; oHrIefYpm;rS?
wdkY"m;wHk;rnf rSwfawmfwnfavmh” ( eE´daoeysdKU? tydk'f (80))
avUusifhcef; (10)
10/ pmydk'frsm; pwifr&dkufrD atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;twdkif; jyifqifyg/Myanmar3
Unicode Font tokH;jyKí&kdufyg/
Margins : Top = 1 in, Bottom = 1 in, Left = 1 in, Right = 1 in, Orientation : Portrait ,
Page size : A4, FontFace : Myanmar3, Font Size : 12, Font Style : Normal, Paragraph
Alignment : Justify, Line Spacing : 1.15, Paragraph Spacing : After (6 pt), First Line
Indent : 0.5 in

တပ်မတေသည်အမျိုသရေကို
အ မျိုး
သား
ရေးကို
ဘ ယ် ဘယ်တေမှ
တော့
မှ
သ စ္သစ္စ မဖေက်
စာမဖောက်

သမို င်ဂု ဏ်ရေင်

ထွ
န်း
ပြော ထွန်ပြေင်လေနက်
င် လေးနက် သည့် တပ်မတေနေ့သည်၂၀၁၇ ၂၀၁၇ ခု
နှ စ် ခု နှ စ်
မတ် မတ်လ
လ ၂၂၇
၇
ရက်နေ့တွင် နှ စ် (၇၂)နှ စ်မြေက် ရောရေက်ခဲ့
က်ခဲ့
ပြီ ပြီဖြစ်ပသည်။
ဖြ စ်ပါ
သ ည်။ မြန်မနို မြင်ငံမာ
န် နို
င်
ငံ
သမို င်ကြေင်နှ င့် အတူ ယှ ဉ်တွဲ၍ ပေထွန်လသေ
တ ပ်
မတော် သတပ်မတေသည်
ည် နိုင် ငံ နို င်ငံကို
တော် တေကို
အသက်ပေကကွယ်ခဲ့ ပြီ၊ အ မျိုး သား အမျိုသအကျိုစီပွကို
အ ကျိုး
စီး
ပွား
ကို ဦလည်မသု
ဦးလ ည်မသု န် န်
ထမ်ရွက်ခဲ့
နှ
စ် သည်မှ
ပေါ င်းလည် နှ စ်ပေင် (၇၂)နှ စ်တိတိ တို င်ခဲ့ ပြီဖြစ်သည်။ အနဂတ်တွင်လည်
တ ပ် မတော် သတပ်မတေသည်
ည် ဤ ဤ
မွန်မြတ်သေ အစဉ်အလကေင်မျကို လ က် လက်ဆင့်
ဆ င့်
က မ်း ကမ် သ ယ် သယ်ပို
ပိုး
ထ မ်းထမ်ရွက်နေမည်
ရွက် နေမည်
ဖြစ်ပေသည်။
70
 မြန်မသမို င်ကို ပြ န်လ ည်ပြန်လည်ဆန်စစ်လျှင်
ဆ န်းစစ် လျှ င် မြန်မနို
မြ န်
မာ
နိုင်ငံ
င်ငံ သည်
သ ည် ရှေ ရှေး
နှ စ်ပေင် ထေင်ချီ၍
ထော င် ချီ၍ နို င်ငံ တေတစ်ရပ်အဖြစ်
နို
င်
ငံ တော် တ စ်
ရပ် အ ဖြ စ်ခံ့ ခံ့ ထည်ထည် ခံ့
ခံ့
ထ ည် ထ ည်
ရပ်တည်ခဲ့ နို င်ခဲ့ သေ နို င်ငံ ဖြစ်သည်။ မြန်မနို င်ငံ သည် ပြည် ထော ပြည်ထေင်စု
င်စုဖွား ဖွ
တို င်ရင်သမျစု စည်နေထို င်သည့် ပြ ည် ထော င်စု
နို
င်
ငံ
ဖြ စ် သ ည် ပြည်ထေင်စု
။ နို င်ငံ ဖြစ်သည်။
ပြည်ထေင်စု အတွင်တို င်း
ရင်း တို င်ရင်သ
သား လူ
လူမျိုတစ်ရကျေ
မျိုး
တ စ်ရာ ကျော် မှီတင် မှီ
တ င်း
နေထို င်နေကြသည်။ သမို င်ကြေင် အ စဉ် အစဉ်အလအရ
အ လာ အရ ပြည်ထေင်စု
ပြည်ထော ဖွစု
င် ဖွား
တို င်ရင်သမျသည်
အေး အ တူပူ အအေအတူ
မျှ၊ ပူ အမျှ၊မရှိ မရှိအတူ
အ တူ ရှိအတူ
အ တူ နေထို င်ခဲ့
ရှိ နေကြ
ထို င်
ခဲ့
ကြ
သည်။ နို င်ငံ တေအတွက်အ ရေး အရေကိစ္စ
ကိစ္
စကြုံ လာ ကြုံင်
လျှ လလျှင်လည်
လ ည်း သေတူ
သေတူ ရှရှ
င်ဖက်၊
င်ဖက် ၊
ဆေင်ရွက်မကင်၊ အ ချင်း
ချ င်း
တွ အချင်ချင်တွင်၊
င်
၊ အအခင်ကြီငယ်၊
ခင်း ကြီး
ငယ် ၊ ရှိခဝယ် ရှိ
ခါဝယ်
လည်၊မဖယ်မသွေ၊ညီညကု
မဖယ် မသွေ ၊ညီ ညာ ကုန်၍ရု
၍ န်ကြလေသည်။
န်း ရုန်း
ကြလေသ ည် ။

avUusifhcef; (11)omref&kH;pm
11/ Myanmar3 Unicode Font tokH;jyKí&kdufyg/
အကြေင်အရ။ တန်ခွဲစရင်နှ
တ န်း
ခွဲ
စာ
ရင်း
နှင့်င့် ဗို လ်လေင်အမည်စရင်မျ
ဗို
လ်
လောင်း
အ မည် စာ
ရင်း
များ
ထု တ်ပြန်ခြင်
စစ်တက္က သို လ်၊ အမှ တ်စဉ် (၆၁) ဗို လ်လေင်သင်တန် (တတိယနှ စ်) နှ င့် အမှ တ်စဉ်(၆၂) ဗို လ်လေင်
သင်တန် (ဒု တိယနှ စ်)တို့၏ ပထမနှ စ်ဝက် စပေသင်တန်ကလ
အ တွ က် အ ထူး အတွက်
ပြု
ဘာ
သာ အထူ
ရပ်ပြုဘသရပ်
အလို က် စသင်ခန်ဝင်ရေက်ရမည့်
အ တ န်း
ခွဲ
စာ
ရင်း
နှင့် အတန်ခွဲစရင်နှ
ဗို
လ် င့် င်း
လော အ မဗိုည်
လ်လေင်အမည်
စရင်မျအပူ
ပူး
တွဲပါ တွဲပအတို
အ တိုင်း
ထု တ် င်ထု
ပြန်တ်ပြန်လို
လို
က် ပါသက်ပသည်။
ည်
။

စပေညွှန်ကြရေမှူ
ဘသရပ်ဌနမျအလုံ
စအမှ တ်၊ ၁၀၁ / ၀၄ / စပေ
ရက်စွဲ၊ ၂၀၁၇ ခု နှ စ် ဒီဇင်ဘ ၂၁ ၇က်

71
avUusifhcef; (12)omref&kH;pmykHpH
12/ Myanmar3 Unicode Font tokH;jyKí&kdufyg/

လျှို့ဝှ က်

အမှ တ် (၇၇) ခြေမြန်တပ်မဌနချုပ်

ပဲခူ မြို့
စအမှ တ်၊………………………….
ရက်စွဲ၊ ၂၀၁၇ ခု နှ စ်၊ ဒီဇင်ဘလ၂၆
၂၆
ရက်
သို့
အမှ တ် (၂) ခြေလျင်တပ်ရင်
အကြေင်အရ။ ……………………………………………………………….......
ရည်ညွှန်ချက် ။ …………………………………………………………………...
၁။ ………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………..
...............................................................................................................................။
၂။ ……………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………။
72
 တပ်မမှူ
မိတ္တ ူကို
အမှ တ်(၈) ခြေလျင်တပ်ရင်

73
 tcef; (1)
Microsoft Excel 2010
1/ Microsoft Excel qkdonfrSm Microsoft Office Tools rS Spreadsheet Application
Software wpfckjzpfNyD; pm&if;Z,m;rsm;a&;qGJjcif;? Datarsm;udk Z,m;rsm;jzifh
jznfhpGufíChart*&yfyHk trsKd;rsKd;zefwD;Edkifjcif;?
rdrdvdktyfonfhtcsdefwGifvdktyfonfh
Datarsm;udktvG,fwulppfxkwf,lEdkifjcif;ESifhocsFmqdkif&m
ykpämrsm;wGufcsufEdkifjcif;wdkYudk toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/
Starting Microsoft Excel 2010
2/ Microsoft Excel 2010 pwifzGifhrnfqkdygu Start Menu rS All programs twGif;rS
Microsoft Excel 2010 ukd zGifh&onf/ Desktop ay:wGif shortcut &Sdygu Microsoft Excel
2010 shortcut icon ukd double click ay;NyD;vnf;zGifhEkdifonf/ zGifhvkdufaomtcg
ykH (1-1) twkdif; Microsoft Excel Window ukd jrif&rnf/

ykH (1-1) Microsoft Excel Window

3/ Microsoft Excel Window wGif Quick Access Toolbar? Title bar? Ribbon or Tabs ?
Worksheets, Formula Bar ESifh Status Bar wkdY yg0ifonf/

(u) Quick Access Toolbar/ File Tab\ tay:buf? Title bar \ b,fbufwGif&Sdonf/
ykH (1-2) wGifazmfjyxm;onf/ tjrJtokH;jyKaom Commands rsm;ukd
azmfjyay;onf/ New, Save, Undo, Redo, Open ponfjzifh
tvG,fwultokH;jyKEkdif&ef azmfjyay;xm;onf/ rdrdtokH;jyKvkdaom
Commands rsm;ukdvnf; a&G;cs,fxnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/

74
 ykH (1-2) Quick Access Toolbar
(c) Title Bar / Title bar onf Quick Access Toolbar \ ab;wGif&Sdonf/ Title bar
ay:wGif tokH;jyKaeaom Workbook trnfukd azmfjyay;onf/
yxrqkH;pzGifhygu Book1- Microsoft Excel [kazmfjyxm;onf/ Title bar \
nmbuftpGefqkH;wGif Minimize, Restore Down ESifh Close buttons
rsm;&Sdonf/
(*) Ribbon or Tabs /Title bar \ atmufwGif command rsm;tokH;jyK&eftwGuf
Tabs rsm;yg&Sdonf/ ykH (1-3) wGifjyxm;onf/ File, Home, Insert, Page
Layout, Fomulas, Data, Review, View, Acrobat ponfjzifhyg&Sdonf/ Tab
wpfckwkdif;wGif 4if;wkdYESifhoufqkdifaom Command Group
rsm;yg0ifonf/

ykH (2-3) Tabs

(C) Worksheets / Microsoft ExcelpwifzGifhaomtcg Z,m;uGufrsm;jzifh
jrifawGY&aom t&mukd worksheet [k ac:onf/ yxrqkH;zGifhaom Microsoft
Excel file wGif Worksheets (3) ckygaom Workbook1 ukd default ay;xm;rnf/
vkdtyfygu Worksheets aygif; 255 cktxd xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/ Worksheet
toD;oD;wGif Columns ESifh Rows rsm;yg0ifonf/ Coumn ukd Letter A rS Z
txdESifh qufvufNyD; AA, AB, AC ponfjzifh Columns aygif; 16000
ausmfyg0ifonf/ aemufqkH;Column \ Letter rSm XFD jzpfonf/ Rows
rsm;ukd eHygwfrsm;jzifhazmfjyxm;onf/Row1, Row2, Row3 ponfjzifh
Rows aygif; 1048576 &Sdonf/ Column wpfckESifh Row wpfck
jzwfonfhtrSwf (okdUr[kwf) tuGufukd Cell [kac:onf/ Cell \ trnfukd Row
ESifh Column wdkY\ trnfrsm;jzifh azmfjyay;onf/
xkdokdUazmfjy&mwGif Column \trnfukd OD;pGmazmfjyonf/ Oyrm-
Column A ESifh Row1 tuGufukd Cell A1, Column H ESifh Row12 qkH&m
Cell ukd H12 ponfjzifh azmfjyay;onf/

75
 ykH (1-3) Worksheet
(i) Formula Bar / Formula Bar b,fbufwGif Name box (or) Cell Reference Area box
wGif selector a&muf&Sdaeaom Cell \ Address ukd azmfjyay;onf/ Cell
twGif; Data entry jyKvkyfygu Formula bar \ nmbufwGif
&kdufxnfhxm;onfh Data rsm;ukdawGU&Sd&rnf/ ykH (1-3) wGif
jyoxm;onf/

ykH (1-4) Formula bar

(p) Status Bar / Status bar ukd Excel window \ atmufbufwGif azmfjyxm;onf/
ykHrSeftm;jzifh View buttons rsm;ESifh Zoom slider ukdawGU&rnf/ Status
bar ay:wGif azmfjyaeaom Information rsm;ukd ajymif;vkdygu Status bar
ay:wGif Right Click vkkyfNyD; ay:vmaom Customize Status bar ay:rS
Option rsm;ukd a&G;cs,fEkdifonf/ a&G;cs,fxm;aom Menu item wGif
Check mark ay:aernf/

Selecting Cells in a Worksheet

76
4/ Worksheet wpfcktwGif;&Sd data rsm;ukd format (ul;jcif;?a&Tjcif;?
zsufjcif; ... ponf) jyKvkyfEkdif&ef Cell rsm;ukd atmufyg enf;vrf;wpfckckjzifh
a&G;cs,fEkdifygonf-
(u) Cell wpfckcsif;udk select vkyfrnfqkdvQif Cell ay:wGif Click
wpfcsufESdyfyg/
(c) wpfqufwnf;jzpfaeaom Adjacent cell (okdUr[kwf) Range wpfckudk select
vkyfvkdygu Upper-left cell rS Lower-right cell txd left-click ukdzdNyD; Drag
down jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh select vkyfEkdifonf/ Cell range BuD;aeygu First
Cell ukd Select vkyfNyD; Shift Key ukd ESdyfxm;NyD; Last
Cell&Sd&mokdY Scroll bar jzifhoGm;NyD; Click vkyfjcif;jzifh Select
vkyfEkdifonf/
(*) Row (okdYr[kwf) Column wpfckvkH;ukd Select vkyfvkdygu Row
(okdUr[kwf) Column \ Header ukd Click vkyfyg/ tvkd&Sdaom Rows
(okdUr[kwf) Columns wkdUukd Select vkyfvkdyguCtrl Key
ukdESdyfNyD; tvkd&Sd&m Rows (okdUr[kwf)Columns rsm;tm; Drag
vkyfjcif;jzifh Select vkyfEkdifonf/
(C) Worksheet wpfckvkH;ukd Select vkyfvkdygu Column A \ b,fbuf? Row 1 \
tay:buf uGufvyftvGwfwpfckjzpfonfh Select all button ukd Select
vkyfjcif;jzifh Worksheet twGif;&Sd Cell tm;vkH;ukd Select vkyfEkdifonf/

77
 ykH(1-5) Selecting Cells
Editing Worksheets
5/ Microsoft Excel \ Workbook wpfckwGif default taejzifh sheet1, sheet2, sheet3
ponfjzifh 3 ck ay;xm;onf/ 4if; Worksheet rsm;ukd topfxyfxnfhjcif;? zsufjcif;?
a&Tajymif;jcif;ESifU trnfay;jcif;wkdUukd atmufygtwkdif;jyKvkyfEkdifygonf-
(u) Insert Worksheet / Worksheet wpfckukd select vkyfNyD; Right Click
ESdyfygu Pop-up menu wpfckay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Insert button ukd ESdyfygu
Insert Dialog Box wpfckay:vmrnf/ 4if;rS Worksheet ukdESdyfNyD; OK ukd
Click vkyfygu Select vkyfcJYaom sheet \ a&SuwGif sheet
eHygwftopfwpfckjzifh ay:vmrnf/
(c) Delete Worksheet / zsufvkdaom Worksheet wpfckukd select vkyfNyD;
Right Click ESdyfygu Pop-up menu rS Delete button ukd Click vkyfyg/

(*) Rename Worksheet / Default ay;xm;aom worksheets (3)ck ESifh

xyfrHxnfhxm;aom Worksheet rsm;tm; rdrdpdwfBudKuf emrnfrsm;
ajymif;NyD;tokH;jyKEkdifonf/ emrnfajymif;&eftwGuf ajymif;rnfh
worksheet ukd select vkyfNyD; Right Click ESdyfNyD; ay:vmaom Pop-up
menu rS Rename button ukd Click vkyfajymif;EkdifouJYokdY F2
ESdyfNyD;vnf;Rename ay;Ekdifonf/

78
ykH(1-6) Pop-up menu for Editing Sheets

79
 tcef; (2)
Working With Workbook Files
Creating a New Workbook
6/ Microsoft Excel pwifzGifhvQifzGifhjcif; Microsoft Excel Book1 trnfjzifh
workbook wpfck toifhay:vmrnf/ xyfrHí topfwpfck zefwD;vkdyguCtrl+N (or) File Tab
rS New ukd ESdyfNyD; Blank workbook rSCreate ukdESdyfjcif;jzifh
wnfaqmufEkdifonf/

ykH(2-1) Create a New Workbook

Saving a New Workbook
7/ Microsoft Excel pwifzGifhvQifzGifhjcif; Microsoft Excel Book1 trnfjzifh
workbook wpfck toifhay:vmrnf/ xyfrHí topfwpfck zefwD;vkdyguCtrl+N (or) File Tab
rS New ukd ESdyfNyD; Blank workbook rS Create ukdESdyfjcif;jzifh
wnfaqmufEkdifonf/

80