PHYSICS
NOTES
CLASS – XI {IIT FOUNDATION
BOOK}
CH – 1st , KINEMATICS :-
1. REST – an object is said to be at rest if its position with relative
to its surroudnings, doesn’t change with respect to time.
2. MOTION – an object is said to be in motion if its position
relative to its surroundings doesn’t change witg rrspect to time.
3. Everything on earth is on motion with respect to sun as the earth
keeps constantly revolving around it, means that everything on
earth is also revolving.
4. TYPES OF MOTION -
a. Random - when the particles tend to move randomly. Eg –
dust paricles
b. Transitional – evry particle of the body has same
displacement. There are 2 types - Rectiliniar – motion along a
rectangular path , also called 1 dimention motion. Curviliniear -
rotation around a curved path also called 2 / 3 dimensdiaonal
motion.
c. Rotational – when the particles of a body tend to move in a
rotational path around a point on a axis. Eg- earths motion,
merry go round.
d. Oscilliary , Vibratory motion – The To and Fro of particles of
an object. Eg – plucking a guitar string, pendulum.
5. SCALER - is the quantity which can be defined only by the
magnitude. It contains numbers. Eg – distance, weight, mass,
density
6. VECTOR - is the quantity which needs specified values of both
magnitude and direction to get defined. Eg – velocity,
acceleration, force
7. DISTANCE – the length travled by an object from its initial
position to its final position. Its pathdependent and scaler.\
SI unit = m, CGS unit = cm
8. Displacement is the length of path which connects the initial
position and the final position of a body. It’s a vector quanity,
independent of path and has magnitude + direction. Magnitude
of the displacement = The shortest path that connects initial with
final position. Vector = sum of 2 component vectors (component
vectors are the length of 2+ paths ). Representatoion of a vector
as the sum of 2 component vectors is caolled – Resloution o a
VECTOR
9. SPEED – is the ratio of distance travelled by an object is to the
time taken. s/t. it’s a scaler quantity. SI = m s-1, CGS = cm s-1
3 types of speed -
a. Average - The ratio of total distance to total time taken.
b. Uniform – When equal amount of distance is travelled in
equal amount of time. Eg – bike travlling at 50km/hr
c. Variable – When equal ammpounf to distance is not travelled
in equal amount of time. Eg – The train speeding up from a
station.
10. Non uniform motion- is when a particle doesn’t move
equal spaces in equal intervals of time.
Unifrom motion is when a particle moves equal distajces in
equal ammounts of time.
11. VELOCITY – is the ratio of displacement / time.
Uniform velocity – is when an objects velocity is eual through
equal intervals of time.
Variable – is when an object has unequal velocity through equal
intervals of time.
Instanaeous Velocity – is the velocity of an object at a particular
point of time. Its found by the tangent across the curve of a
variable velocity.
Avg Velocity – is the total displacement / total time.
12. ACCELERATION – is the change in velocity of an objectr
upon time.
Unifrom Acceleartion – when the change in velocity is constant,
it decreases/increases with a fixed rate.
Non – Unifrom/ Variable Velocity – when the velocity of an
object isn’t contant with respect to time.
Acceleartion when plotted on a graph, if line is straight upwards,
its Positive acc. If the line is straight down wards, its negative
acc also called retardation or deceleration.
13. 4 EQUATIONS of Motion -
I.) Velocity = u + at
II.) Distance = ut + ½ at2
III.) Velocity2 = u2 + 2as
IV.) The nth second/ time intervals’s distance = u + ½ a (2n – 1)
14.
