(© Pecson ducatin In, o sft). Al gh seed Name Class Date Concept-Development Practice Page Friction n crate filled with delicious junk food rests on a horizontal h floor. Only gravity and the support force ofthe floor act onit, ‘] asshown by the vectors for weight W and normal force (greater than zero), b. Evidence for this is acceleration __ A slight pull P is exerted on the crate, not enough to move it ‘a, The force of friction f acting on the crate is (less than) (greater than) P. b. Theme force on te crates Go) gester than er) Pull P is increased until the crate begins to move. Its pulled so that it moves with constant velocity across the floor, (eeaterthan) P b. Constant velocity means acceleration is a. Friction fis (less than (greater than zero) © The net force on the crate is (less than) (greater than) zero. Pull Pis further increased and is now greater than friction f. a. The net force on the crate is (Less than) (equal to) (greater than) zero. b. The net force acts toward the right, so acceleration acts toward the (left) right)) 5, If the pulling force P is 150 N and the crate doesn't move, what is the magnitude of f?__150N_ 6. Ifthe pulling force P is 200 N and the crate doesn't move, what is the magnitude of f__200N_ If the force of sliding friction is 250 N, what force is necessary to keep the crate sliding at constant velocity?_250N_ 8. Ifthe mass of the crate is 50 kg and sliding friction is 250 N, what is the acceleration of the crate when the pulling force is 250 N?_2.VS* _399.N2_1/S*_500.N?_S m/s? _ CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS Chapter 6 Newton's Second Law of Motion—Force and Acceleration 25Falling and Air Resistance Bronco skydives and parachutes from a stationary helicopter, Various stages of fall R are show in positions (a) through (f). Using Newton's second law, a R find Bronco’ acceleration at each position (answer in the blanks to the right). You need to know that Bronco's mass m is 100 kg so his W <1000N weight is a constant 1000 N. Air resistance R varies with speed and cross-sectional area as shown. R=IOOON Cite he comecs answer «le w 1. When Bronco’s speed is least, his acceleration is 1 2. In which position(s) does Bronco R=1200N experience a downward acceleration? 2 mis? ovo as In which position(s) does Bronco dq WEIOOO N. Noiethat we take 4 =1000N experience an upward acceleration? acceleration down as + here. If chosen as -, then - signs become +. it Either way is okay if |. When Bronco experiences an upward =2000 N ‘ S okay acceleration, his velocity is R you're consistent in any one situ (Sill downward) (upward also). In which position(s) is Bronco’s velocity \ | Ww: constant? @ oO o@® In which position(s) does Bronco ‘experience terminal velocity? ®@ OoOw o@ In which position(s) is terminal velocity greatest? @ oOo w If Bronco were heavier, his terminal velocity would be is te). Al ight served (© Pecson duction, I, (greater) (less) (the same). CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS 26 Chapter6 Newton's Second Law of Motion—Force and AccelerationName Class Date Concept-Development Practice Page Force and Acceleration 1L_ Skelly the skater, total mass 25 kg, is propelled by rocket power. a. Complete Table I TABLE T | FORCE | ACCELERATION {neglect resistance) 00 W ams?) a=FI25 kg 200 amis? | 250 N 10 st b, Complete Table Il fora constant 50-N resistance. TABLET [FORCE | ACCELERATION a= (FSO NV25 kg 50 N ‘Om/se JOON | 2m/si | 200N 6 m/s? Block A on a horizontal friction-free table is accelerated by a force from. A ‘string attached to Block B. B falls vertically and drags A horizontally. Both blocks have the same mass m. (Neglect the string’s mass.) Circle the correct answers. ‘The mass of the system (A+B) is (n ‘The force that accelerate (A+ B) isthe weight of (4) @) (A +B) Acceleration of (A + B) is((Tess than g) (g) (more than g) 1 of g 2 (ma)/(2m) = 9/2 hissed, Use a = to show the acceleration of (A + B) as a fract TF B were alowed to fall by itself, nat dragging A) Yes, becouse the force that accelerates then wouldn't its ccceleration be 9? 11 would only be acting on its own tmass — not twice the moss! 2 2 € g ® To better understond this consider 3 ced 4 on the ther sie CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS Chapter Newton's Second Law of Motion—Force and Acceleration 273. Suppose Ais still a 1-kg block, but B is a low-mass feather (or a coin). a. Compared to the acceleration of the system in2, previous page, the acceleration of (A + B) here is ands lose to zro) ose og b. In this case the acceleration of (practically that of free fal) Suppose A isa feather or coin, and B has amass of | kg. a. The acceleration of (A +8) here is, (close to ero) @oset0 8) b. In this case the acceleration of B is ractically that of free fall) (constrained). Summarizing 2, 3, and 4, where the weight of one object causes the acceleration of two objects, we see the range of possible accelerations is (between zero and g) (between zero and infinity) (between gand infinity) Aullls down a niformslope ramp. a. Aceceraton i eereasing) (Constan) creasing) b unp were steeper, acceleration would be the same) (less). is te). Al ight served (© Pecson duction, I, c. When the ball reaches the bottom and rolls along the smooth level surface it (continues to accelerate) Now you're reat forthe labs " Constant Force ond Chanting Mass ond * Constant Mass and Changing Force CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS 28 Chapter6 Newton's Second Law of Motion—Force and Acceleration(© Pecson ducatin In, o sft). Al gh seed Name Class Date Racing Day with a= Fim Concept-Development Practice Page In each situation below, Cart A has a mass of 1 kg. Circle the correct answers (A, B, or Same for both). 1. Cart Ais pulled with a force of IN. Cart B also has a mass of 1 kg and is pulled with a force of 2N. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? &) ® ametorbor 3. Cart Ais pulled with a force of IN. Cart B has a mass of 2 kg and is pulled with aforce of 2N. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? B) (Game for both) 5. This time Cart Ais pulled with a force of 4N. Cart B has a mass of 4 kg and is pulled with a force of 4N. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? 8) Game orboth Al pit LE To CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS 2. Cart Ais pulled with a force of IN. Cart B has a mass of 2 kg and is also pulled with a force of IN. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? ® © Gametorvoin 4, Cart Ais pulled with a force of LN. Cart B has a mass of 3 kg and is pulled with a force of 3N. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? w ® ALJ .Game qo Ze Bly <3, zo sre 6, Cart Ais pulled with a force of 2N. Cart B has a mass of 4 kg and is pulled with aforce of 3N. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? ® © Gametorvon ‘thanx to Dean Baird Chapter 6 Newton's Second Law of Motion—Force and AccelerationDrop and Pull 1. Consider a 1-kg cart being pulled by a 10-N applied force. According to Newton's second law, acceleration of the cart is ton F_10N _ ome’ 1g e oo Tg ms WO) —ed+—E This is the same as the acceleration of free fall, q-beccuse 2 force equal to the cart’s weight accelerates A 2, Consider the acceleration of the cart when the applied force is due to a 10-N iron weight attached to a string draped over The pulley changes only a pulley. Will the cartaccelerate as before, at 10 m/s#? The tee Grection of the force answer is no, because the mass being accelerated is the mass of the cart plus the mass of the piece of iron that pulls it, Both masses accelerate. The mass of the 10-N iron weight is 1 kg—so the total mass being accelerated (cart + iron) is 2 kg ‘Then, Note this is half the acceleration due to gravity alone, 9. So the acceleration of 2 kg produced by the weight of 1 kg is 9/2, a. Find the acceleration of the 1-kg cart when two identical 10-N weights are attached to the string, a=F=appliedforce — 20N = 6.7 mis? m~totalmass 3 kg Here we simplify and say g=10ms* CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS 30 Chapter6 Newton's Second Law of Moti Force and Acceleration is te). Al ight served © Paso cain a,Name Class Date Drop and Pull—continued b. Bind the acceleration of the 1-kg cart when three identical 10-N weights are attached to the string, =F - applied force - 30N = _7.5 mys? mn total mass “akg” 2 ms Find the acceleration of the 1-kg cart when four identical 10-N weights (not shown) are attached to the string, a= = applied force _ 40 N mm ~total mass" ~6 kg This time 1 kg of iron is added to the cart, and only one iron piece dangles from the pulley. Find the acceleration of the cart. F _ appliedforce _ 10N - 3.3 ys? “im totalmass 3 kg mys The force due to gravity on a mass mis mg. we So gravitational force on 1 kg is (1 kgX10 m/s*) = 10 N, @. Find the acceleration of the cart when it carries two pieces of iron and only one iron piece dangles from the pulley. hissed, a= applied force _10N -_2.5 mis? m totalmass 4 kg 2 2 € g ® CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS Chapter6 Newton's Second Law of Motion—Force and Acceleration 31f. Find the acceleration of the cart when it carries 3 pieces of iron and only one iron piece dangles from the pulley F _ applied force __ 10 N im totalmass 5 kg 8. Find the acceleration of the cart when it carries 3 pieces of iron and 4 pieces of iron dangle from the pulley, F _ applied force 40 N mtotalmass 8 kg (Chass of cart is 1 kg, Mass of 10-N iron is also 1 kg) h. Draw your own combination of masses and. find the acceleration. is te). Al ight served F _ applied force m total mass (© Pecson duction, I, CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS 82. Chapter6 Newton's Second Law of Motion—Force and AccelerationForce-Vector Diagrams In each case, a rock is acted on by one or more forces. Draw an accurate vector diagram showing all forces acting on the rock, and no other forces. Use a ruler, and do it in pencil so you can correct mistakes. The first two are done as examples. Show by the parallelogram rule in 2 that the vector sum of A + Bis equal and opposite toW (that is, A+ B = -W). Do the same for 3 and 4. Draw and label vectors for the weight and normal forces in 5 to 10, and for the appropriate forces in LI and 12, A 4. Static Ww 7. Decelerating 8. Static (Friction due to friction Prevents slidiny f 3. Static A Y Ww h 6. Sliding at constant speed without frictiot wll 9. Rock slides (No friction) 11. Rockin free fall CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS 12. Falling at terminal velocity 36 Chapter Newton's Second Law of Motion—Force and Acceleration 5). 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