Step 3: Plug in right-endpoints to function to get rect. heights, then add up areas (height times width). 4 Area = Y Fedex = i=1 FOB + Fe)ONE Flea) + Flax Entry Task (you do): Approx. the area under f(x) = x3 fromx=Otox=1 using n = 4 and right-endpoints. bra _ \-0_ y Step 1: Ax =— 7 Te a Step2: X% =az= x =at dx = Ork X= a + 2Ax = OF20%) Xz = a + 3Ax =0+3(%) xX, = a + 4Ax =0+4(%) pee we ai Oo ‘,y Y 4% A| did this example again with 100 Pattern: subdivisions, then 1000, then 10000. Ax=*2=1, x, =04it=4 Here is a summary of my findings: n n non n Ra Ln 4 0.390625 0.140625 n no.3 7; 1 i\3 1 5 0.36 0.16 sum =) x?ax = (-) eo 0.2025 i=1 mam ™ 0.245025 a 3 . Zz i Area = 0.25 = lim (-) i 0.2499500025 | 0.2500500025 n> n a i=1 i: US Lue CALE TALE Tie exAcy Pace Prin DeNOrE fF _ wv Over Esa Under teunayte rn —Example: Approximate the area What is the general pattern in terms under f(x) = 1+ x? fromx = 2 ofn? tox = 3 using Riemann sums with - s = 4 and right endpoints. Ax = #2 = 2,5, BI _ a ae = 2 + x = artex = 2—k ax= 3 a% n . anane xpdx = = (\e22 Jo ee D fdr =F [InP on Xe = 242) SUF = re . XS ata) = 2-4 - Zeros) yn Ms aote (A) 3 SB [p+ se = eet yh clitzs*)4 tlerelbelierss | = 4A bbs Vn 2 Lepr m4 = ys Zl Ieee ft a 1} aAnother Example: Using sigma notation, write down the general Riemann sum definition of the area from x = 5 to x = 7 under f(x) = 3x4+vx b-a 3-8 _2 Ax = nO” = 4 a= atibx=S+ (ast n jim Y f@dax = as 2 Gxinmlox | a \ alee) +iere ) B= \ 3xt Ve Ax y F]nsee & | s bras2 ; pes rile a aThe Definite Integral c> t a {te Sect Def’n: We define the definite Da TANK Ee (on “Siznet” ) integral of f(x) from x = a to x=b by /snen GEeTweee b us Fle) Awe THE | f(x)dx = lim D fedex, X-AKIS a noe iat c here Ax = 2 and x; = a + iAx =e “ 7 ‘ . So Fd« = 21 [Noves gerry: woe a 5 1S CArces THE INTES ome Sid aoc Tt os 7 CPS dy = ob Ane Tar Boros lon uass ) 20 oF INTE RAT ON COnNiS ft 4 AS NagAnwe C dy \ Hdd. = A Noeten rr = fT Sum oF Adding UP a ap orlnidy =O Flex wns “- y (Sh Pn SAL nee } SUBD Wi gree \ 7 tT LSBasic Integral Rules: Examples: b 10 1. f cdx=(b-ae uf 5Sdx= (\o-4).5 = 30 a 4 \ @ =H + lo 2.f "rede + [ “fOodx = [ “Fade 2, f ‘2dr + "Od =Basic Integral Rules: Examples: b b 4 3.f cf (a) dx = { f (x)dx 3.f 5x+3dx= a a 0 4 EA Sxdse + ct 3 dye and b C [ 100 +00 ax = SS xdet 357 dx b b =S.t S 4 Sega u =[ rooar+ f 90a) ax ce een \ z3rx i 4 4, [roe =- [ree NOTE: IW The Cosstasetian The ONLY DIFFER enct ie asd few bel So 4x [nStemp of ac) fm PFS se ox CORE TE SIGS)Note on quick bounds (in HW_1C) b m(b-a) < f(x)dx < M(b-a) 7 Example: Consider the area under Six) = sin(x) + 2 Based on these quick observations, from x= 0 to x= 2n. what can you conclude about the shaded area? (a) What is the max of f(x)? (labelM) — siuce -| <€ sin = | Ty (b) What is the min of f(x)? (label m) +t mh +e WE Havre (c) Draw one rectangle with width ™ 2n and height M? ‘ (d) Draw one rectangle with width 2n and height m? ef a aaa < cn |