NIM Condiews Ri)soD 44C4D =O BS CHdER-4 Fi=\ Sacre dente D> srtuerdel — Antiderivatives (continued) Example: ig) = 2 f O=FE fQ)=Of@=1 Find f(x). ho = 300% _ 4 (d= ax Seas Cx +e) = L a1 Shed = 6 Ex hay FD FN a4 -AtS =O JL-set F 5 2743 + ~ Ld alayra a Uy) < 4x +Cx +)Example: Q Ron steps off the 10 meter high i Panel dive at his local pool. Finda formula for his height above the t water. \ ytd sheet L (Assume his acceleration is a wa TO constant 9.8 m/s? downward) aley=-V.8 4 Wid =10 W=-9.8) yee BS Wilh = -9.84 + C wits 4a tce th IN| TAL COND ITN ea St \i{o) 20 “islarcre a ¢=0> nly slo > “KAS a cla + dais [DION Wid)= <4 e +\o) chee!Defining Area (Riemann sums) 4y Calculus is based on limiting processes that “approach” the Calc. | exact answer to a rate question. Visual: In Calculus |, you defined f(x) = ‘slope of the tangent at x’ _ fe th) - FQ) ; = lim ——__—— h30 h Calc. Il in Calculus II, we will see that Visual: antiderivatives are related to the area ‘under’ a graph n = lim f(x") Ax Ryo = 0.3025Riemann sums set up: We are going to build a procedure to get better and better approximations of the area “under” f(x). 1, Break into n equal subintervals. b-a Ax = and x; = a+idx n 2. Draw n rectangles; use function. Area of each rectangle = (height)(width) = f (xj)Ax 3. Add up rectangle areas. Example: Approximate the area under f(x) = x from x = 0 to x = 1 using n= 3 subdivisions and right-endpoints to find the height. 3Step 3: Plug in right-endpoints to Entry Task (You do): Approx. the area_ function to get rect. heights, then ander f(x) = x? fromx=Otox=1 add up areas (height times width). asing n = 4 and right-endpoints. 4 : abe be Step 1: Ax = 7 TF Area = Yi f@dax — Pledbe + Flea) flxs)Ax + f0)Ox Step2: X» =a= ° a4 xy = at Ax = Ory + Lal aoe Xy = a + 2Ax = 040%) 2) : (3 t x3 = a + 3Ax =0+5(4) X4 = a t+ 4Ax =0+4'4) _ xdid this example again with 100 Pattern: subdivisions, then 1000, then 10000. ea 2 x, =0+ ee dere is a summary of my findings: n a non n Ra lL Adding up the area of each rectangle 4 [0390625 —_ | 0.140625 n n 3 5 [036 “Toi6 I] sum = S'x?ax = y (-) a (0 [03025 | 0.2025 “ Z\n) n 100_| 0.255025 [0.245025 — minty 1000 | 0.25050025 0.24950025 fi U 10000] 02499500025 | 0.2500500025] ATCA = 925 = mg 1 (7) n Vi 3 WI ne uExample: Approximate the area ander f(x) = 1 + x* fromx = 2 tox 3 using Riemann sums with n = 4and right endpoints. 3-2 SK eT %o eZ x z20% Xp rrr() xyered (Ma) vy eet] / What is the general pattern in terms of n? te res n 2 D fedax = Zr wilex = S ) = Shee) > = = Lee 1 ( \ a bra +Another Example: Using sigma notation, write down the general Riemann sum definition of the area from x = 5 to x = 7 under f(x) = 3x + vx b-a_ t- Ax = n y= ah t thx SH ile Ste lim, Y reas =" 2 Gun ox i=1Velocity/Distance & Reimann Sums Low { Hx When velocity is a constant: ES DANE ESTINATE Distance = Velocity - Time an oh os of oss ot Hi. C Example: 0 fy era You are accelerating in a car. You get ut be one 08% asa the folowing measurements: _ cen ae aig | est t (sec) [o.5| 1.0 | 1.5 | i ee v(t) (ft/: [6.2/10.8/14.9/18.1] {ys | ween) Wa Be or ms roan [opis fe Estimate the distance traveled by the rata Th We. sre car traveled from 0 to 2 seconds. Le | Reese) = Paguste { = O.05 Ave Ts Breve ct vel! ~ yo Toate = | (sas 2s Ht Asin: UMits = Fh see = ) x Rewer” ust s won unit t—| od The Definite Integral Ex) Wa 3 3 Def’n: is tdx = 2\ We define the definite integral of rt f(x) from x = a to x = b by 5 -Sdx 2 -\S ° wt on SME Kae b La — f@dx = lim ) f(xjAx, <— “SIgNEoY on Oe [roots im Soom, <= 7 b- . where Ax = a and x; = a+ iAx. Se suldax = O Note $ = \ ‘ oe = inbeen Sam 3 i) ab = Sowds on Viner of ates 7 one a pos uth THX) OX J Sidd x Cross TR \M TE VAL Bh WumgenBasic Integral Rules: Examples: b 10 if edr=(-ac uf Sdx = 5 (0-4) = 20 a 4 b c a 3 7 ah. 2. faddx+ f reodx = [ fooax 2.f art [ ax = 6 la b a 0 3 a ao oX OK b b 4 c 3.f foddr=cf fax 3.[sx+3dx= Sond, 2 Sad. a a 0 a a on = 5 Sede t Sid, [ 100+ 9@ ax ° b b +12 =| flxdae + f g(x) dx 4. [rove ES - [roeNote on quick bounds b m(b —a) <| f(x)dx < M(b—a) a Example: Consider the area under f(x) = sin(x) +2 on the interval x = 0 to x = 2n. (a) What is the max of f(x)? (label M) So on (b) What is the min of f(x)? (label m) Sal x) + ude Jo most Be Ber wen Tre / Payst (c) Draw one rectangle that contains . ee Peet of Tse Two KETHGUE all the shaded area? What can you conclude? (d) Draw one rectangle that is |-ow < 6 completely inside the shaded oa - area? Conclusion? oy sual tte & 3-24r ° aT bar