Chapter | + Complex: Numbers Compe number 2 = x+yi x ord Y are real numbers a 2c —> Real port Yir> Imaginary Part [Rowers of 5 Reganel cliagram —» Represertting +h complex oumber in o graph: Modulus [IZ] te He distance of +he point from the origin» Izy = Joctry™ + | Argument of 2, Arg(z) = tana! [Yo] 2c = |Z|cos® Y= IZ) sine Aro(z)= ©+ 27 fOr every i Principal Argument of Z is such © is chosen between ke. = LOL. 2 | Polar form of 2 Z= ¥(cos@tisin® ) c= \2) Z=ercisg Expomntial form + z = rele Conjugete of O+iy * Z= x-jy In polar form + 1 [cos C-0) +fsinor] =10- Wee Z= ve AZONE Scanned with CamScannerTheorem Let z=x+yi whe 2¢ and y are real numbers | con| ez y* BEBE Z hors | ®) |Z is real wly if z=Z Proof: x+y = x-iy = Ziy=0 = . Yy=o 2% Z is reol as Im(z) is O- Cproved) Ce) |Z is imoginory only if Z= =Z Proof + = | Xtiys —Cx-iy) A+tiys-X+iy 2x =0 X=0 a <1. Z is only imaginary as Re (zis O- Cproved y cay [Z]= 12) ard _ag(2)= 992) J | wehOn Anh A NA I Proof: e ap le co ol atayy Proc. Ch) L Jateyt a)act4y* cored) Pry C2)= tant! (“Yn | oa =-6 : =Brg(2) = tan (Yn) | = - (0) S=0 Cpr) ¢ | Addition and Subtreetion of Z ZtZ=-CUt¥y xX.) + Yi t¥.)7 Scanned with CamScannervw Algebric Properties CAcidition /subtraction. (O) |Z+¢O=Z=0+Z (b> | Z+(-2) 50 = CZ) +Z [Link]. =Zi+Z, (e iS (2)+22.) +2,=21+C22.+Z3) e Zit2_. = Zit zy vitiplication of Compler. Nombers pe Pew wy ay e Zy= Mt Zr= Ho+VYoi ZyZr= (Hy - Yio) + h(a + YY Riggs Propertes CMeltip| lication) OV) 1Z. hetero Ci) |Z,+Z2 = Zo Ze Git) | C2).2Z2). Z3 = (22,73), 2 OW) [2).2525 Buz! @> [2.2 = Iai* (Y)| 2) (22423 )= ZZ. +223 AZONE Scanned with CamScannerProduct in Polar Form [2.2 ¥ [eos6) + isin®,] and Z) = ¥,[cos®, + isin® | | il {2 2=ET [cos@ + ising, | +7. 1, [cess + isin®. aU +2 [cos®,+isin®, [cos®. + isin@> TT 2 [cosGrF isin 2¥cosO) + 1SiNO Cos Or +1*SiNO ,SinOe = wir Leos 5,460 + isinC@+00 1 DZp2a = Ts [c0s,40,] +isinlo.+O, 7 | [2:22] = 1% Are C2122) = 61 +O Theorem _ cay Modulus of Procluct is Product of the moduli viola dobe lnl ad ab ay Sy La ad BI Dt [zuza[= Jel: [ze] = rire + | | (CE) ergymant of the product is the sum of argumants : ' arg (21.22) =O, +O, = orgl2,) + arg(Zr) _____[Divsion of Cimplex pumben | Lod s ] Size eae eee 2 1 ZL 2, Zr [ze : 4A 2 2 ie (22) = ory (2 = oraz [ [ee jz] VZe L 3 I Zi = Ti [cos@,-O.) + SIN Or) | ‘ i Zee ‘ a —t i to Scanned with CamScannerIn _expornticl form oon Boars oes ete ZiFa= Critide! COOwe Zao 8 ri gi (@:-6) 2.0 Zr Yr De Moivres Theorem [eos® +isine J ™ = cosn@ + isin ne o— 3 = =o 5 5 5 = = = =I ==) f ea = @i (MSD Distinct ath roots Ze= Ir fess OF2K7 isin 0728" | ee O12, NO) n ~ Zee Slr [es © —| K=O) cae n-l Eacomple. Find al! 5% distinct roots of [3 + 1. Z=aJ3 +i Z="s2 cos 7+ 2ER ah isin w v= Jaye oye = 2 Ary (2) = ton (Ye) = 7% oF — Z.= Ja Te’ 2 K=0, 1,2,3,4 2] nes Distinct roots = 1 - ze Lo» 3772 & Ze 2*e! 30 Zea e' 2 Z = 25, i Bet Zp 5S 1 4470 eee Zit gel oe gone Scanned with CamScannerDeviving Teigono mitric Tolentities Part CD n il MW [cosn@= Re Ccosn® +isin®) = Re (cosO+isine) ® Sinn = Im (cesng + isinne) = oe Cees +isine>™ [Notation used + C= cose | S= sine | += tan& | Escample Lv Escpress sin3@ in terms of powers of sing 3 | SinZO= Im [eas + isinze | =Im[er+is [3 =Im[c?4+3c%is +3ci’s* +1353] = Im[¢3+3c7is ~3cs? — is? = Im Ces =3cs* 4 1 [8es-—s? 3Bc*s —s3 — 01> o74+s%ey — 029 Sub (2) inte expression C1) | 3641-53 [- 383438 —s2 -4s* +35 —4sin2® + sin —F Scanned with CamScanner be thom spate’Deriving Tigonomutric Tdentities Ract Il Z=cos@ + isin® Zo'= CcosO+isine)! sosc-@)-+sin(-© ) Dene ob cess 2 Cos@+cos@- | =z Cos —jSiNG 2 isin@ = cosO- V7 2ces © = +1 Zz q@) les@= 2f24+] Zz cosO= Vo + isin eS z=! nau iees | Z 2-1 =) Qsin@ Z = (b) | sing = Py | ie Dit. Bei 5 ==) = a = =) c= a 3 = = = = = a70NF Scanned with CamScanner