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Bio Practical

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378 views25 pages

Bio Practical

Uploaded by

computerobo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIOLOGY PRACTICAL NOTEBOOK STANDARD XI A. EXPERIMENTS TO BE PERFORMED 1. Study the parts of microscopes Da Aim : To study the parts of compound microseope and their functions. ‘Requirements : Compound Microscope Simple Micreocepe ‘Principle: A compound micioscopeis an indispersable instrument in ay biological aberatary. ‘eis asod fir passive observation of stuctural details ofa cell, tamue or organ m sections A smoncoular compound microscope an ciple microscope ie normally used ia biology lberatery. Amodern compound microscope has following stictral comporents as nor-optcal and optical ‘Non-Optical Components 1. Base Foot): It's Vor orseshoe-shaped metallic structure that suppots the whole microscope. 2. Arm (Limb): risa curved metallic handle that comnests withthe base by mmclimation jon. It ‘apports stage and body tube. ‘3. Inclination Joint: It is used for titing the microscope if required for cbservation in sting position, 44. Stage: tis ametllic platform witha cenval hole ted tthe lowerpar ofthe arm. Microscopic slides are held cm the sage bycther simple side clips or bya maechanical stege clip. |S Body tube: It lds ocular and objective leases atits two ends. The end elding ocular leas ia called hoed while the ead containing 3-4 objocve lames ie called zoae piece. Tas body ‘sha an intemal pahway forthe pasage of light rays which form the enlagad image of microscopic objects. ‘6. Draw tube: It isa small tbe that remains fixed 2 the upper end of the body tube. I clés ceepece or ocular lens 7. Adjustment serews: There are to paits of scews for moving the body tube in relation to ‘Sage lager for course adjustment atd smaller for fne adjustment. ‘2 Incoas aljustment, body tube moves upldown, ’ Infine adjustment, bods tube moves up dowe, bat in extremely short distances. ‘The couse adjustment is meant for movement of cbjectve lens toa proper distance from. ‘the objec soasto form image of he same atthe ocalar end. Fine adjustment is requred to obtain sarp image. Optical Components 1. Ocular Lens or Eyeplece:Ttis lens dzough which image ofthemicroseopie chjetis observed. ‘tales takes part im magnidcatom Depending upon mamnifeaon and aa per requirments the lye pace cau be used nomaally Sato 20s. 12. Objective Lences: They’ are Sted under the noce piove. Objective lenste axe of tres p02 =) low power (commonly 10K or 53), ii) high power (commonly 45%) i) ail immersion (Commonly 100K, or more) An objective ens is nt singe lens but compound lens. I forms real inverted imageof the object inside the body tube. ‘3. Diaphragm: Itis fitted just below the sage for resulating the amount of light reaches on the ‘object. Diaphragm is oftwo types, dite and iis. 4. Condenser: It is attached below the diaphragm. Condenser can be moved up and down, 5. Mirror: Ise stached jst ahove the base. Both ite surface bearmitron, plane on onesie and ‘concave on other side. Plane minrr is used in strong natural light nd concave mirror in weak. antficial ight Mirror directs the ight on the object through the condenser and phragm sytem. Extra information: ‘Atcembly Assembly is made wp of lens diaphragm ané filer holder Lowering of condenser gives

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