The Literacy training Service (LTS) component of the National Service Training Program (NSTP) aims to

teach four to eight year old children or even out of school youths the basic literacy and numeracy skills
➤ The implementation of the program, certain problems may arise such as lack of available rooms for
teaching, inadequate number of chairs, teaching equipment and materials and lack of support and
coordination with the local government officials.

➤ The student trainer/facilitator should bear in mind the value of positive reinforcement.

➤ The students can also employ a tutorial class upon the instruction of the teacher/facilitator so that
every student enrolled in the LTS class will be given a chance to experience teaching literacy and
numeracy skills among the children of the barangay.

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Emerging Literacy

Listening and Speaking

Emerging literacy begin in infancy when parents and teachers respond to babies' coos and smiles, sing
lullabies, and play games such as peek-a-boo. These natural interactions help children learn about the
give and take of conversation and the pleasures of communicating with other people.

Reading and Writing

At the same time as they are gaining listening and speaking skills, young children are exploring reading
and writing. A child may play with alphabet blocks, point out a logo at a familiar restaurant, listen to
favorite books and retell the stories on her own, use drawing and writing tools, and watch an adult write
her spoken words on paper. By the time children leave the preschool years, most have made numerous
discoveries about reading and writing.

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Emergent Literacy Skills and Activities

1. Print motivation- Print Motivation is a child's interest in and enjoyment of books and reading. Children
who rly aged is therefore ATE enjoy books are more likely to want to learn to read, and to keep trying
even when it is hard. It is therefore necessary to exposed children with books or any printed materials at
an early age.
2. Building Vocabulary there are so many ways to build vocabularies. One example is to create word
families and other activities for this purpose.

2.1. Show and Tell

Show and tell is another terrific strategy for building children's oral language and vocabulary skills.

2.2. Share Songs and Rhymes

Songs, rhymes, and poems are an ever-fresh source of delight for young children. In their playful way,
songs can improve children's memory, vocabulary, and creative uses of language. You can capture the
joys of songs, rhymes, and poems by writing them down and displaying them on chart paper, along with
illustrations, for children to sing, say, "read," and "write" on their own.

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3. Print awareness expose the child to printed materials such as children's book and big books and draw
attention to words and letters, label objects in the classroom. And encourage children to play with print.
Print awareness is important because it represents a group of skills that are necessary for children to
become successful readers. Children begin to develop print awareness as early as infancy and continue
to develop print awareness throughout early childhood.

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4. Narrative skills - read aloud stories. Telling stories is among the more effective instructional
approaches for developing children's oral language skills and vocabulary. It requires active listening-
children must listen carefully to your words and the changes in your voice to make predictions. They
must rely on their memories and understanding of narrative as you "spin the web" of the tale. After
telling your story, let children take turns using their expressive vocabulary, narrative skills, and sense of
audience to tell a story for the rest of the group to enjoy.

5. Letter knowledge - is recognizing the letters and knowing the letter names and sounds. Young children
gain an awareness of letters as they play with alphabet shapes, start to notice letters in books, and
realize that their name begins with a specific letter.

6. Phonological awareness - Phonological awareness is an individual's awareness of the phonological

✔ Oral language - Oral language is the system through which we use spoken words to express,
knowledge, ideas, and feelings. Developing oral language, then, means. developing the skills and
knowledge that go into listening and speaking all of which have a strong relationship to reading
comprehension and to writing

✓ Phonological awareness - The foundation for learning to read. It's the ability to recognize and work
with sounds in spoken language.

✓ Print knowledge includes: letter names, ability to recognize and say the names of letters; letter
sounds, knowing the sound a letter represents, and concepts of print, understanding how print works.

Children's Home Languages

Children's language learning is rooted in their home and family environment. Starting in infancy,
children associate the words, tones, and expressions of their home language with feelings of security.
Although children may one day learn a second language, their home language will always allow them to
feel connected to their families and cultures. As children acquire and use their home language, they also
learn many skills and concepts.

Progress in Language Development

Every child develops according to an inner time clock that is set at his or her individualized pace for
gaining new skills. Any group of young children is likely to include a wide range of language abilities.
Home, community and Head Start environments-including people, materials, and experiences-play a
role in determining how and when a child develops language skills.

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The Link to Cognitive Development

Listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills are primarily avenues for cognitive development.
Language allows children to talk about their experiences and discoveries and modify their understanding
of the world. Children can use their language skills to organize their thinking. They learn the words used
to describe concepts and talk about past and future events.

Drawing

Editing

Language and Social Competence

Language skills are essential elements of social competence. Children use their listening and speaking
skills to play and get along with others and to make friends. In the preschool years, children use
language to make up dramatic play scenarios and become real or imaginary characters. They use
language to negotiate, take turns and express anger with words rather than physical aggression.
Through conversations with adults and other children, preschoolers learn to listen to others and share
their own ideas and feelings.

All Children Can Develop Literacy Skills

According to Sue Schwartz, Ph. D. and Joan E. Heller Miller, Ed. M. (1996), all children, including children
with disabilities, can learn to communicate and develop literacy-related skills. Day care staff and families
can individualize the strategies they use to encourage emerging literacy so that all children have
opportunities to be actively involved in literacy learning. Staff and families can consult with speech,
occupational, and/or physical therapists to learn how to adapt home and classroom environments,
drawing and writing materials, books and their own interactions. Such adaptations make it possible for
all children to have daily opportunities to write, scribble, draw, color, enjoy books and communicate
with others.