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Cell Class 9

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Sourav barthwal
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23 views15 pages

Cell Class 9

Uploaded by

Sourav barthwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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- CELL “The smallest functioial unit of life is a cell, discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. +A cell can independently perform all necessary activities to sustain life. _— + Hence cell is the basic unit of life. «Inside the cell there are different parts performing different activities to keep the cell alive and functional. These part are called Cell Organelles. THEORY: By the late 1830s, Botanist Matthias Schleiden and Zoologist Theodor Schwann were studying tissues and proposed the unified cell theory. +The unified cell theory states that: all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and from existing cells. +Rudolph Virchow is credited with several key discoveries. His most widely known scientific contribution is his cell theory, which built on the work of Theodor Schwann. ... Virchow's cellular theory was encapsulated in the epigram “Omni cellula e cellula” (all cells come from pre-existing cells), which he published in 1855. S.No, Prokaryotes Eukaryotes unicellular, | Most eukaryotes are multicellular (| Most prokaryotes a (i) The nucleusis poorly defined due to | The nucleusis well defined and is the absence ofa nuclear membrane, | surrounded by a nuclear membrane. (i) | Nudleolusis absent Nuceohis is present. (o) | Cellonganeles suchas pass, Cel organelles such as plastid, mitochondria, golgi bodies et. are | mitochondria, gogi bodies, ec ate absent present. (©) | Bacteria and blue-green algae are | Fungi, plant, and animal ells are prokaryotic cells eakaryotic cel Ie) ol AKT) aU ola oie} ere] Pena Cell pe Te ea ee y 4 Ce — SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS ANIMAL CEL Deo not have fixed Do not have cell wall Have cell wail Do not have vacuoles (or small) Do not have chloroplast, Large vacuoles Have chloroplasts Glycogen Starch Do not have centrioles Structure of Animal & Plant Cell Functions: 1, Plasma/Cell membrane: This is the outermost covering of the cell that separates the contents of the cell from its external environment. CELL MEMBRANE —— ow «It is a living part of the cell and is present in cells, of plants, animals and microorganisms. + It is composed of lipid and protein. Function: *As it is selectively permeable membrane, it allows the flow of limited substances in and out of the cell. Some substances like CO2 or O2 gases can move across the cell membrane by a process called diffusion. Diffusion High concentration Low concentration The movement of water molecules (liquid) through such a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. ‘Semi-permeabie Sugor 1,2” mernbrane a Water folecule "= ae | motecule “CELLS IN VARIOUS SOLUTIONS” In this topic we have to study that what happens to a cell when it is kept in different types of solutions e.g.: (A.)Hypertonic Solution (B.)Hypotonic Solution (C.)Isotonic Solution A cell in an isotonic s lution is in equilibrium with its surroundings, meaning the solute concentrations inside and outside are the same (iso means equal in Latin). In this state there is no large movement of water in or out. Water molecules freely move in and out of the cell, andthe rate of movement is same in both directions. Isotonic ‘Arau of water vansoorted Into the call equa 0 the enount of water lwansported out om the cot Ho Solute concentaica inside tho cfs Equat tote soliton outside te cet B.HYPOTONIC SOLUTION A hypotonic solution is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. The difference in concentration between the compartments causes water to enter the cell, if left ina highly hypertonic solution, an animal cell will swell until it bursts and dies. Hypotonic The cells inflate and eventually burst Water is transported into the cell Solute concentration inside the cell is HIGHER SOLUTION Hypertonic refers to a solution with higher osmotic pressure than another solution. A hypertonic solution is one in which there is a greater concentration or number of solute particles outside a membrane than there are inside it. This causes water to rush out making the cell wrinkle or shrivel. Hypertonic The cells shrink Water is transported out from the cell Solute concentration inside the cell is LOWER BE Loycop CRIS beperentonstTel Solutions Higher solute Equalsolute Higher solute OUTSIDE INSIDE Higher water Equal water Higher water INSIDE OUTSIDE Water moves OUT Nonetmovement Water moves IN Cell SHRINKS Cell SWELLS Ho!

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