exercise Scientists Historical events 1895 | Overton | Discovered that lipid-soluble Section 3.1 subsanes ‘could penetrate cells Level 2 1917 | Langmuir | Discovered that the major component of cell membrane exhibited both water-loving and water-hating properties Exaacted lipid from the cell, @ The ‘sandwich’ model proposed by Davson and Danielli in 1935 was once th accepted model to illustrate the s fe most widely 1925 | Gorter & er Grendal_ | membrane of ed bod cel and the cell membrane, However, scientists found earn nen that some findings did not support the model esol geri dete and the model was replaced by the fluid mosaic Sufece ae ofthe el membrane model proposed by Singer and Nicolson later. 1972 | Singer & | Proposed the Fluid Mossie Model The setwitr eoes Nicolson | to expan the structure of cel ‘membranes | t- Phospholipid molecule a CE nna ° The fluid mosaic model FAL ARRAY [PEt eoseotns meus QU_JELUE| NUL protein motcue a With reference to the diagrams, state one ci What is the major component noted by Overton and Langmuir? (1 mark) Gorter and Grendal proposed that the major component identified in a existed as a bilayer (Bilayer Model). With reference to the observation of Langmuir, suggest how this major component is oriented and arranged in the cell membrane. Explain (3 marks) The Bilayer Model proposed by similarity and one difference between the structure of cell membrane described by the two models. (@ marks) b Explain why the following findings do not support the ‘sandwich’ model. i The protein molecules extracted from cell membrane are mainly hydrophobic. Gorter and Grendal did not mention another major component of the cell ‘membrane. What is this component? (1 mark) ii With reference to the Fluid Mosaic Model, briefly describe the orientation of this component in the cell (2 marks) membrane, (@ marks) ii Cell membrane is permeable to polar Models are often used by scientists to molecules. (2 marks) explain their findings. Complete the State one aspect of the nature of science that can be demonstrated in the following table to elaborate on the aspects of the nature of science involved in the use of scientific models. (2 development of the cell membrane model. ama (1 mark) Nature of Science Elaboration | #25 Science is evidence 4 © DSE Bio 2015 1B Q& column lists some ‘The table in the right scorery of historical developments about the di the structure of cell membrane: based “Models are used to simulate an invisible structure or illustrate a theory, 0.25Level 3 DSE Bio 2013 1a Q23-25, 8s then placed into a beaker Some distilled water. After 1 day, the ucrose solution rose, beaker Potato skin containing level of s distilled water ca cut surface The level of sucrose solution inside the cavity Tose because osmosis has taken place, which means that A. water was drawn mainly from the cells in contact with the sucrose solution. water was initially drawn from the cells in contact with the distilled water. water moved from the distilled water along the cell wall of the potato cells to the cavity. D_ water moved from the distilled water through the cell membrane of the potato cells to the cavity. p15, 16 B @® The diagram below shows the appearance of a cell in contact with distilled water in the beaker at the beginning of the experiment: Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the appearance of the same cell at the end of the experiment? A B p19 ‘will lead to & treatments i sf the following ven afer : (1) using 5% sucrose sol sucrose solution (2) using 20% sucrose $0! li rtat (8) peeling off all the pot ris cutting the bottom of the pot ‘A (1) only B (2) only (1) and (3) only D (2)and (3) only tution instead of 10% jution instead of 10% to skin instead of ato ep. 15,16 fhe inner walls of the lined with a thin watery fluid, In some people, certain channel proteins in the cells in the inner walls do not function. properly. This causes less chloride fons to be moved out of the cells to the lumen of respiratory tract and the watery fluid becomes thick as a result. The diagram below shows where the channel proteins are located. ® In normal people, # respiratory tract are lumen lumen | B= =p, waide thin —} watery uid coals in the inner wall human — | thin — lungs | atery fuia a Explain why chloride ions cannot move out of the cells through the phospholipid bilayer of cell membrane. Q marks b i When chloride ions move out of the cells in the inner wall, water follows. Based on your knowledge about osmosis, explain why. (8 mark, Hence, explain why people with defective channel proteins produce thick fluid in their respiratory tract. Pa @ marks) p.8, 13, 18