VISUAL FLOW™

Application Briefs
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 Table of Contents

Introduction.........................................................iii
About this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii
How this Manual is Organized? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii

Chapter 1 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE..............................1

Example 1 - Relief Valve Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8
Example 2 -Line Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11
Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14
Example 3 - Depressuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-17
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-17
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-17
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-18
Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-22
Example 4 - Flow Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-25
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-25
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-25
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-27
Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-28
Example 5 - Assay SIM4ME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-30
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-30
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-30
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-35
Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-35
Example 6 - Rv Sizing SIM4ME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-38
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-38
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-38
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-44
Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-47

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs i

 Example 7 - Load Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-54
Results and Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57
Example 8 - Diagnostic Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-58
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-58
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-58
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-61
Results and Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-64
Example 9 - Simple - SIM4ME Thermo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-68
Results and Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-69
Example 10 - Sample 1_PHAST FX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70
Simulation Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70
Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70
Case Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75
Results and Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-77

ii
 Introduction

About this Manual

This manual explains the examples given in the Applib folder. The
purpose of the explanation is to illustrate the features of VISUAL
FLOWTM pertaining to that specific [Link] is not possible to
include every program option in the examples. Therefore, a list of
the features is given in an easy-to-read tabular format in, Table 1-1.
This is where to look, if you are searching for an example which has
the specific [Link] user is urged to read and become familiar
with the VISUAL FLOWTM and SIM4ME® Thermodynamic
User’s manuals and obtain adequate training before attempting
these examples.

How this Manual is Organized?

This manual details the example simulations. Each example
comprises of five sections:
■ Simulation Objective - This section outlines the goals of the
simulation and presents some of the important problem
parameters.
■ Simulation Model - This section describes how the example is
modeled into VISUAL FLOW.
■ Case Execution - This section describes how the example is
executed keeping the goals specified in the simulation
objective.
■ Results and Analysis - This section describes output reports
generated by the specific example. Additionally, some cases
have been explained that may help the user to analyze the
output data.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs iii

Example Simulation Features
Table 1-1: Features Used in Example Simulations
Feature Example Number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Unit Operation
Vessel * * * * * * * * * *
Tee * * * * * * * * *
Relief Valve * * * * * *
Outlet * * * * * * * * * *
Heat Exchanger *
Separator * *
Features
Line Sizing *
Rate Network *
Depressurizing *
Relief Valve Manager *
Equipment Manager *
Report Manager * *
Stream Capture *
Network Solution *
Backup to the Current * *
Simulation
Back Pressure * *
Load Scenario *
Assay *
PHAST FX *
Thermodynamics
Soave - Redlich Kwong * * * * * *
NBS/NRC Steam Tables
Simple Thermo * *
SIM4ME Thermo * * * *
Reports
Line Sizing *
Rate Network *
Export Report to Excel *
Depressuring *

Introduction
 Chapter 1
VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

Example 1 - Relief Valve Rating

Simulation Objective
Pressure relief valve is a safety device mounted on the vessel to be
used during high pressure conditions. Selection of a relief valve,
generally requires good knowledge of the system. This example
demonstrates how the relief valve is rated to ensure that the relief
valve is adequately sized for given conditions in a network.
Additionally it also evaluates the API 3% rule for all the valves.

Simulation Model
In this example (see Figure below), flare network has different
types of relief valves connected to each vessel.

Figure 1-1: Relief Valve Rating

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-1

 The figure above is a schematic representation of the Process Flow
Diagram (PFD) that has been used for this example. Build the PFD
as shown in the figure, using the following unit operation naming
conventions.
Unit Operation Unit Operation Name in PFD
Vessel V1,V2,V3 and V4.
Relief Valve RV1,RV2,RV3 and RV4
Tee T1,T2 and T3
Outlet O1

Enter the Specification - Vessel

Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel Data for V1,V2,V3 and V4
Properties UOM
Scenario User Defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 100 Deg F
Pressure 100 psia
Flow Rate 100 lb-mol/hr

Figure 1-2: Vessel Data Dialog Box

1-2 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Composition Data
Vessel - V1 Vessel -V2
Component Name Mole Fraction Component Name Mole Fraction
ETHANE 0.2 NITROGEN 0.25
N-HEPTANE 0.2 ETHANE 0.25
METHANE 0.2 N-NONANE 0.25
ISOBUTANE 0.2 N-PENTANE 0.25
NITROGEN 0.2

Vessel - V3 Vessel - V4
Component Name Mass Fraction Component Name Mass Fraction
N-HEPTANE 0.25 N-HEXANE 0.25
N-NONANE 0.25 N-OCTANE 0.25
N-OCTANE 0.25 NITROGEN 0.25
PROPANE 0.25 PROPANE 0.25

Enter the Specification - Relief Valve

Double-click the relief valve placed in the PFD to view the Relief
Data dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Relief Valve Data - RV1
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve
Relief Valve Data - RV2
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size E1.5X2
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Back Pressure Correction 0.74
Factor
Relief Valve Type Balanced Bellow

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-3

 Relief Valve Data - RV3
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G2X3
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Rupture Disk
Relief Valve Data - RV4
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve

Figure 1-3: Relief Valve Data

1-4 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Enter the Specification - Tee
Double-click the Tee placed in the PFD to view the Tee Data dialog
box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Tee - T1 Tee - T2
Data Data
Split Ratio 0.6 Split Ratio 0.6
Tee - T3
Data
Split Ratio 0.6

Enter the Specification - Outlet

Double-click the Outlet placed in the PFD to view the Outlet Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Outlet - O1
Data UOM
Outlet Pressure 20 Psia

Connect the unit operations as shown in Figure 1-1.

Case Execution
Select the Thermodynamic Method as Soave-Redlich-Kwong and
Network Solution Option as shown in Figure 1-4.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-5

 Figure 1-4: Thermodynamic and Network Solution

Note: Check ‘Backup file upon and start of solution’ in Network

Solution Option dialog box (shown above) to create the backup of
the current simulation.
Select Solve Network from the Tasks menu or click to solve
the [Link] will ensure whether the data that has been entered
has a convergable solution or [Link] the network is solved, relief
valve can be selected for rating.
Select Rate Network.. from Tasks menu to bring up the Rate
Network dialog box. Enter the following data:
➤ Maximum Iterations 20
➤ Solution Tolerance 0.005 in2
➤ Assumed Back Press.. - Check this option and enter the
assumed back pressure value that you want to use in the rate
network calculation. In this example, this option is unchecked.

1-6 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-5: Rate Network

➤ Select the relief valve you want to rate from the ‘Relief Valve
Available’ and click Add. These will list under ‘Relief Valves
To Be Rated’.
➤ Click Add All (If you want to rate all the relief valves).
➤ Click OK.
➤ VISUAL FLOW will display the following message, if the
rating is successful.

Figure 1-6: Network Rating Completed

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-7

 Results and Analysis
Select Tasks/Reports/Rating Results to bring up the Rating
Results window.

Figure 1-7: Rv Rating Results

The user can view and analyze the following data:

■ Relief valve results on API 3% rule.
■ Solution converged for the rated relief valve - valve rated.
■ Deviation between Allowable and Actual frictional pressure
drop across the relief valve.
Relief Valve Name Allowable Frictional DP Actual Frictional DP
(psi) (psi)
RV1 0.1590 0.0257
RV2 0.1591 0.0050
RV3 0.1591 0.0191
RV4 0.1591 0.0196

■ Valve orifice area and its associated error value.

Error = Calculated valve size - Valve size specified in the
Equipment Manager.

1-8 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Users can set their own error through Solution Tolerance from the
Rate Network dialog box (see Figure 1-5). The allowable solution
tolerance range is between 0.001 to 2 .
Relief Valve Name Calculated Valve Size Error ( [Link])
( [Link])
RV1 0.5004 -0.0026
RV2 0.1959 -0.0001
RV3 0.5011 -0.0019
RV4 0.4997 -0.0033

■ Calculates back pressure on the relief valve. If you have

selected and entered Assumed Back Press. in the Rate Net-
work dialog box. This value will be used in the rating calcula-
tion.
Relief Valve Name Back Pressure (psia)
RV1 24.6467
RV2 28.7173
RV3 24.3687
RV4 30.5743

Other associated data of the selected relief valve that can be used
for analysis are as follows:
Relief Valve Flow Rate Inlet Pressure
Name (lb/hr) (psia)
RV1 6578.6520 94.3883
RV2 3843.9323 87.3311
RV3 35262.9294 81.9976
RV4 7263.4797 96.3159

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-9

Example 2 -Line Sizing
Simulation Objective
Performances of the pipelines have a major impact while
determining the overall efficiency of the process plant. This
example illustrates how pipeline sizing is carried out using
VISUAL FLOW.

Simulation Model
A schematic representation of the process flow diagram is shown
below.

Figure 1-8: Line Sizing

This example uses the following line specification to construct the

PFD.
Line Connection Name Nominal Inlet Schedule
Diameter (inch)
V1< - > T1: P1 4 40
T1< - > E1: P1 4 40
T1< - > E1: E1 4 40
T1< - > E1: P2 4 40
T1< - > T2: P1 4 40
T2< - > E2: P1 4 40

1-10 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 T2< - > E3: P1 4 40
T2< - > E3: E1 4 40
T2< - > E3: P2 4 40
E3< - > T4: P1 4 40
E3 < - >T4: E1 4 40
E3< - > T4: P2 4 40
E2 < - >T4: P1 4 40
E1< - >T3: P1 4 40
E1< - >T3: E1 4 40
E1< - >T3:P2 4 40
T4< - >T3:P1 4 40
T3< - >O1:P1 4 40

Case Execution
Select Tasks/Solve Network to solve the network. This will ensure
that the data entered has a convergable solution.
To start line sizing calculation, select Options/ Line Sizing
Criteria… to bring up the Line Sizing Criteria dialog box. This
dialog lists all the pipeline sizes available in the Equipment
Manager under ‘Sizes Available’. Select the appropriate sizes you
want to use for the line sizing calculation, and click Add. The
selected pipelines will be listed under ‘Sizes to Use’. The pipelines
listed under Sizes to use will only be considered while sizing the
lines. The figure below shows the list of line sizes selected for this
example.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-11

 Figure 1-9: Line Sizing Criteria

➤ Select and enter [Link] as 4 ft/sec.

➤ Select and enter the Max % of Critical Velocity as 90%.
Critical flow may exist in a pipe line, when the line pressure
reaches the vapor pressure of a flowing liquid.
Select Tasks/Size Lines.. to bring up the Line Sizing dialog box.
Select the line connections you want to size, and click Add. The
lines will listed under ‘Connection To Be Sized’. To size all the line
connections, click Add All.

1-12 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-10: Line Sizing

Click OK to start line sizing calculation. If you have selected Save

Current Sizes in the Line Sizing dialog box, clicking OK will
prompt whether to overwrite the current specification entered to the
pipeline. Click Yes to overwrite the current specification. If the line
sizing calculation is successful, VISUAL FLOW brings up the
following message.

Figure 1-11: Line Sized Successfully

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-13

 Results and Analysis
Select Tasks/Reports/Line Sizing Results to view the Line Sizing
Report window. The report displays the line sizes before and after
the line sizing calculation.

Figure 1-12: Line Sizing Report

The above report presents the following data for analysis:

● Connection Name
● Device Name
● Device Type
● Nominal Inlet and Outlet Diameter
● Schedule
User specified velocity criteria are taken as a baseline to size the
lines. Pipeline retain their size, if the velocity criteria is less than the
specified limit.

Understanding Color Coding used in PFD and Report

■ Red indicates (see Figure 1-12) that line sizes have been
changed due to line sizing calculation. Black indicates that line
sizes have not been changed due to line sizing calculation.
■ When working with a complex network, color coding for lines
can be used to know the status of the line connection on the

1-14 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 PFD, due to line sizing calculation. Select Options/Default/
Connection/Color to bring up the Connection Color dialog
box.
● Color adjacent to Lines selected for sizing indicates lines
have been selected for sizing calculation.
● Color adjacent to Line Sizes changed indicates pipeline
sizes have been changed due to line sizing calculation.

Figure 1-13: Connection Colors

■ Select Tasks/Restore Line Sizes - If you want to restore the

pipeline sizes to their original size before line sizing calcula-
tion.

Export the Line Sizing Report to Excel

Click to bring up the Report Manager dialog box.
Select Line Sizing as indicated in Figure 1-14.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-15

 Figure 1-14: Report Manager

Double-click Line Sizing to bring up the line sizing report. Select

the Format (Excel) and Destination from drop-down list and click
OK to save the [Link] will help to analyze the results in an
effective manner.

Figure 1-15: Line Sizing Report

1-16 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

Example 3 - Depressuring
Simulation Objective
In a batch process, the rate of depressurization forms an important
factor in determining the quality of the product and load on the
service side. This example illustrates how depressurization is
performed in VISUAL FLOW.

Simulation Model
The schematic representation of the process flow diagram is shown
below.

Figure 1-16: Depressuring

Double-click vessel S1 to bring up Vessel Data dialog box. Enter

the property data and click Composition to bring up Composition
Data dialog box. Fill in the component name and its associated
mole fraction value.
Note: By default, composition data entered at the vessel level will
be available in the Depressuring Vessel Composition Data dialog
box. Depressuring calculation will only use Depressuring vessel
composition data and not the vessel composition data.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-17

 Case Execution
VISUAL FLOW allows to execute the depressuring calculation
along with the other vessel level analysis. Users can enter a
different set of properties apart from the vessel data to perform this
calculation.
➤ In the Vessel Data dialog box, click Depressuring.. to bring up
Depressuring Data dialog box.

Figure 1-17: Depressuring Data

Enter the following data:

Vessel Properties
■ Type - Select the shape of vessel.
Vessel Name Type
S1 Spherical
S2 Vertical

■ Diameter & Length - Enter the diameter, if you have selected

Spherical under Type. Enter diameter and length, if you have
selected Horizontal or Vertical.
Vessel Name Diameter Length
S1 15 ft
S2 1 ft 5 ft

1-18 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 ■ MAWP - Enter the Maximum Allowable Working Pressure
(MAWP). This is the maximum pressure above which the
vessel should not operate. Relief valve set pressure should
always be less than MAWP entered to the vessel.
Vessel Name MAWP UOM
S1 260 Psia
S2 225 Psia

■ Vent Phase - Select the phase which you want to discharge of

the vessel. Select Vapor from the drop-down list.
Vessel Name Type
S1 Vapor
S2 Vapor

Simulation Properties
■ Back Press. - This is the pressure on the discharge side of a
safety relief valve. Enter the Back Pressure data.
Vessel Name MAWP UOM
S1 14.7 Psia
S2 14.7 Psia

■ Blow down - This is the difference between set and reseating

pressure of a pressure relief valve, expressed as a percentage of
the set pressure. Enter the Blowdown percentage. By default,
this is 0. In this example, default value is used for both vessels.
This percentage will be multiplied with relief valve set pressure
and the resultant value will be used as a limit to vent out the
depressuring phase.
■ Sim. Time - Enter the Simulation time. This time will be used
as a baseline to vent out the depressuring phase.
Vessel Name Simulation Time (min)
S1 15
S2 12.5

■ Time Step - Enter 0.5 minutes for both the vessels. For every
0.5 minutes, the depressurization calculation is performed.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-19

 Heat Input Properties
■ Heat Input - Select API scale for the vessel in this example.
The model determines rate of heat input to the vessel under the
consequent rate of temperature and pressure increase.

Miscellaneous Properties
■ Max. Iterations - Enter the maximum iterations as 100 for
both the vessels.
➤ Click Properties.. to bring up Depressuring Vessel Content
Properties dialog box.
Properties Vessel S1 Vessel S2 UOM
Flash Type TP Flash TP Flash
Temperature 150 130 Deg F
Pressure 190 200 psia
Use Initial Flow 55000 3050 lb/hr
Flow Increment 1.82 0.33 %

➤ Click Composition.. to bring up the Depressuring Vessel

Composition Data dialog box.
Composition Data
Vessel - S1 Vessel -S2
Component Name Mole Fraction Component Name Mole Fraction
PROPANE 0.01400000 PROPANE 0.15000000
PROPYLENE 0.33800000 PROPYLENE 0.10000000
N-BUTANE 0.64600000 N-BUTANE 0.30000000
ISOBUTANE 0.00200000 ISOBUTANE 0.30000000
N-PENTANE 0.00 N-PENTANE 0.05000000
2-METHYL- 0.00 2-METHYL- 0.05000000
BUTANE BUTANE
NITROGEN 0.00 NITROGEN 0.05000000
ETHANE 0.00 ETHANE 0.00000000

➤ Click Capture.. to bring up Stream Flowrate Capture dialog

box. Do not capture indicates that the depressuring

1-20 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 calculations will be stand-alone. The depressuring vent stream
is not used to feed the flare system.
Vessel Name Stream Capture Option
S1 Do not capture
S2 Do not capture

Figure 1-18: Stream Capture

Once the data are entered, click Check Data. This will help the user
to confirm whether all the data with respect to depressuring
calculation have been entered or not.

Figure 1-19: Data Check

To perform the depressuring calculation, select Tasks/Depressure..

to bring up Depressuring dialog box.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-21

 Figure 1-20: Depressuring

Click Add All to select all the vessels from Available list to ‘vessels
to be Depressured’. Click OK to begin the calculation. Once the
depressuring calculation is successful, VISUAL FLOW will display
the following message.

Figure 1-21: Depressure

Results and Analysis

VISUAL FLOW presents the results of the depressuring calculation
in a graphical fashion. This will enable the user to analyze the data
more elaborately. Graphical view of the depressuring results can be
viewed as follows:
➤ Select and right-click the vessel to view Depressuring Output
window.

1-22 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-22: Depressuring Output

➤ Select the parameter from drop-down list to view the graphical

output with respect to time.
● Y - Axis parameter depends on the selection made by the
user from the drop-down list.
● X - Axis is always a time scale. Data is taken from the
Simulation time entered in the Depressuring Data dialog
box. Based on this, the time scale in this window changes
accordingly.
● Click Graph Data to view the individual data points of
the plot in a tabular form.
Case 1 - Users can change the simulation time that is entered in
Depressuring Data dialog box to analyze the pressure variation in
the vessel for a given time limit. A higher simulation time that is
entered will inform user on how the vessel pressure is normalized
with respect to time.
Case 2 - Users can change the stream capture option to analyze
depressuring data. For example, to capture the stream properties, at
a particular simulation time, select At Time and enter the time (say
10 minutes) during which you want to capture stream properties at
the vessel level. Run the depressuring calculation and click the
vessel to view the pressure, temperature and flow rate data at the
particular time (10 minutes). Similarly, stream properties can be
viewed in this manner, in scenarios like ‘At Largest Valve Size’ and
‘At Largest Flow Rate’.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-23

 Users can run the simulation using the properties at the captured
condition, to analyze its impact on other unit [Link]
are the stream capture conditions available in VISUAL FLOW:
● Do Not Capture
● At Largest Valve Size
● At Largest Flow Rate
● At Time

Figure 1-23: Vessel Data

1-24 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

Example 4 - Flow Reversal
Simulation Objective
The core of the VISUAL FLOW calculation engine is the network
solution algorithm. This algorithm is used to analyze all types of
networks from the simple single connecting link systems to
complex looped networks. In a looped network, the direction of
flow is not predetermined and proper analysis of the system is
necessary to determine the flow. In this example, looped network is
taken for analysis to exhibit the flow reversal, when the flow rate is
increased in one of the vessel.
Note: For detailed information, refer Chapter 6 of the VISUAL
FLOW User’s Guide.

Simulation Model
The schematic representation of the process flow diagram is shown
below.

Figure 1-24: Flow Reversal

Build the PFD as shown in the figure, using the following unit
operation naming convention.
Unit Operation Unit Operation Naming Convention in PFD
Vessel V1 and V2.
Tee T1,T2,T3,T4,T5 and T6.
Outlet O1 and O2.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-25

 Enter the Specification - Vessel
Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel Data for V1 and V2
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 100 Deg F
Pressure 100 psia
Fixed Flow Rate 100 lb-mol/hr

Composition Data
Vessel - V1 Vessel -V2
Component Name Mole Fraction Component Name Mole Fraction
METHANE 0.5 METHANE 0.5
ETHANE 0.5 ETHANE 0.5

Enter the Specification - Tee

Double-click the Tee placed in the PFD to view the Tee Data dialog
box. Enter the specifications listed below.
Tee - T1 Tee - T2
Data Data
Split Ratio 1e-006 Split Ratio 0.230236
Tee - T3 Tee - T4
Data Data
Split Ratio 0.6 Split Ratio 0.55704448
Tee - T5 Tee - T6
Data Data
Split Ratio 0.182447129272 Split Ratio 0.6

1-26 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Enter the Specification - Outlet
Double-click the Outlet placed in the PFD to view the Outlet Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below.
Outlet - O1
Data UOM
Fixed Pressure 20 Psia
[Link] Rate 100 lb-mol/hr
Outlet - O2
Data UOM
Outlet Pressure 20 Psia
[Link] Rate 100 lb-mol/hr

Connect the unit operations as shown in Figure 1-24

Case Execution
Select Tasks/Solve Network to solve the network. This will ensure
that the data entered has a convergable solution.
VISUAL FLOW will solve the network using the entered
specification for the given unit operation. Observe the direction of
flow is from T2 to T1 (see Figure 1-24).
Now, try to increase the flow in the vessel (V1) from 100 lb-mol/hr
to 500 lb-mol/hr. Select Tasks/Solve Network again. Observe that
the direction of flow has reversed from T1 to T2.

Figure 1-25: Flow Reversed

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-27

 Results and Analysis
Right-click on the connection between T1 and T2 to display the
Connection Profile Graph for T1<->T2 window. Let us analyze the
pressure profile at T1.

Figure 1-26: Connection Profile Data Comparison for the Two Scenarios

Scenario 1 - Fixed Flow Rate in Scenario 2 - Fixed Flow Rate in Vessel

Vessel V2 - 100 (lb-mol/hr) V2 - 500 (lb-mol/hr)
Split Ratio at Various T junction Split Ratio at Various T junction
T1 - 1e-006 T1 - 0.21761971857057
T2 - 0.23023607535275 T2 - 1e-006
T3 - 0.6 T3 - 0.6

1-28 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-27: Pressure Data around T1

The above data and figures indicates how the algorithm determines
the direction of flow in a looped network.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-29

Example 5 - Assay SIM4ME
Simulation Objective
Cooling of stabilized Naptha product using a series of three heat
exchangers have been taken as an example to explain how the
SIM4ME Thermo can be used to define the assay data and solve the
[Link] compositions of many petroleum streams are
frequently not known in terms of defined library components.
Therefore, laboratory assay curves are used to represent the streams
with pseudocomponents (boiling point cuts) for which the
necessary thermophysical properties can be estimated.

Simulation Model
The schematic representation of the process flow diagram is shown
below.

Figure 1-28: Assay SIM4ME

Build the PFD as shown in the figure, using the following unit
operation naming convention.
Unit Operation Unit Operation Naming Convention in PFD
Vessel [Link]
Exchanger Reboiler, Feed Preheater and Product Cooler
Outlet To Storage

1-30 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Select Options/Thermodynamics.. and select the SIM4ME
Thermo in Thermodynamic Methods dialog box.
To define the assay curves (components) to the vessel, select Tasks/
Launch SIM4ME Thermo GUI or click to bring up
Components and Thermodynamics dialog box.
Click Cut Set Tab to enter the following:
■ Start Temp
■ End Temp
■ Number of Cuts
In this example,default cutset is used.
Click Method Tab and select Default Method slate from the drop-
down list. Selecting Default for Method Slate will use all the default
methods assigned to calculate the following data (see Figure 1-29)
■ Thermodynamic Data
■ Transport Data
■ Inspection Property Data

Figure 1-29: Method Slate

Note: Refer VISUAL FLOW and SIM4ME User’s Guide for

detailed information.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-31

 Click Assay Tab and enter ‘Naptha’ under New Assay field. Select
Default from the Cut Set and Method Slate drop down list. In this
Tab, click Distillation under Enter Data For and enter/select the
following:
■ Distillation Type : ASTM D86
■ Pressure : 760 mmHg
■ Enter the Volume Percentage Distilled and its corresponding
temperature.
Click Process Selected Assay. If all the data have been entered to
process an assay, clicking Process Selected Assay will indicate
‘Assay has been processed’ in the dialog box.

Figure 1-30: Assay Tab

You need to process an Assay, whenever the data associated to

Assay are changed. Click Property Tab to view the General and
Critical property of the entered assay.
Click Default Tab and select the Assay Characterization Options
as shown in Figure 1-31.

1-32 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-31: Default Tab

Enter the Specification - Vessel

Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel Data
Properties UOM
Vessel Name [Link]
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 181 Deg C
Fixed Pressure 10.8 kg/cm2
Est. Flow Rate 49999.999 kg/hr

Click Composition to bring up the SIM4ME Composition Data

dialog box. Select the appropriate Component and Method slate
from drop-down list. Selecting Component Slate will list the Assay
component that has been entered in the Assay tab of Component
and Thermodynamics window.

Enter the Specification - Exchanger

Double-click the Exchanger placed in the PFD to view the
Exchanger Data dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-33

 Exchanger Data
UOM
Name Reboiler
Method Slate Default
Duty -9.5 MMBtu/hr

Name Feed Preheater

Method Slate Default
Duty -4.6 MMBtu/hr

Name Product Cooler

Method Slate Default
Duty -3.8 MMBtu/hr

Figure 1-32: Exchanger Data

Enter the Specification - Outlet

Double-click the Outlet placed in the PFD to view the Outlet Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below.:
Outlet
Data UOM
Name To Storage
Method Slate Default
Est. Pressure 4.9821535 kg/cm2
Fixed Flow Rate 50000 kg/hr

1-34 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-33: Outlet Data

Connect the unit operations as shown in Figure 1-28.

Case Execution
Select Tasks/Solve Network to solve the network. This will ensure
that the data entered has a convergable solution.

Results and Analysis

Select Options/Assay/MTAssayGraph to view SIM4ME Thermo
Assay Graph.

Figure 1-34: Assay Graph

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-35

 The above graph shows how the entered data in Assay Tab fit with
the data generated by SIM4ME Thermo. The algorithm will only
use the data that have been generated by SIM4ME Thermo for
further calculation. Results depends on the fit rate between entered
and generated data.
Click Graph Data in SIM4ME Thermo Assay Graph window to
view the data points.

Figure 1-35: SIM4ME Assay Graph Data

Select Tasks/Reports/Generate&View to view the Report

Manager dialog box. Select S4M Thermo and double-click the
desired listed to view the following report.
■ Component Slate Summary
■ Method Slate Summary
■ Cutset Summary
■ S4M Summary

1-36 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-36: Report Manager

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-37

Example 6 - Rv Sizing SIM4ME
Simulation Objective
Pressure relief valve is a safety device mounted on the vessel to be
used during high pressure conditions. Selection of a relief valve,
generally requires good knowledge of the system. This example
demonstrates how the relief valve is rated to ensure that the relief
valve is adequately sized for given conditions in a network.
Additionally it also evaluates the API 3% rule for all the valves.
This example uses SIM4ME Thermo to evaluate the network.

Simulation Model
In this example (see Figure below), flare network has different
types of relief valves connected to each vessel.

Figure 1-37: Rv Rating SIM4ME

Build the PFD as shown in the figure, using the following unit
operation naming convention.
Unit Operation Unit Operation Naming Convention in PFD
Vessel C3/C4 Splitter, C3/C4 Splitter Recvr,De-ethanizer ,
De-ethanizer Recvr, C3 Splitter, HPC Suction
Drum and HPC Discharge
Relief Valve RV1, RV2, RV3, RV4, RV5, RV6 and RV7
Tee T1,T2,T3,T4,T5 and T6
Outlet To LP Flare

1-38 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Enter the Specification - Vessel
Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel Data for C3/C4 Splitter
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 110 Deg C
Pressure 28 kg/cm2
Flow Rate 200000 kg/hr
Vessel Data for C3/C4 Splitter Recvr
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 80 Deg C
Pressure 28 kg/cm2
Flow Rate 190000 kg/hr
Vessel Data for De-ethanizer
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 90 Deg C
Pressure 27 kg/cm2
Flow Rate 60000 kg/hr
Vessel Data for De-ethanizer Recvr
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 60 Deg C
Pressure 27 kg/cm2
Flow Rate 60000 kg/hr
Vessel Data for C3 Splitter
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-39

 Temperature 60 Deg C
Pressure 27 kg/cm2
Flow Rate 60000 kg/hr
Vessel Data for HPC Suction Drum
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 45 Deg C
Pressure 15 kg/cm2
Flow Rate 120000 kg/hr
Vessel Data for HPC Discharge
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 70 Deg C
Pressure 23.5 kg/cm2
Flow Rate 0 kg/hr

Figure 1-38: Vessel Data Dialog Box

1-40 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 To define the components to a vessel, select Tasks/Launch
SIM4ME Thermo GUI or click to bring up

Components and Thermodynamics dialog box.

Click Library Tab to view the component database. Double-click

the components to be listed under selected components. Users can
create their component slate (Slate Tab) only from the selected
components list. Click Slate Tab and create C3, C3-C4S component
slate. Drag and drop the components from ‘selected components’ to
‘components in slate’ after selecting the component slate from the
drop-down list. In the same way, click Method Tab, create a new
slate name ‘PR’ and select the appropriate method that needs to be
used to calculate Thermodynamic, Transport and Inspection
property data.
Note: Refer VISUAL FLOW and SIM4ME User’s Guide for
detailed information.

Figure 1-39: Library Tab

Click Composition in Vessel Data dialog box to display SIM4ME

Composition Data dialog box. Select the component and method
slate from the drop-down list.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-41

 Figure 1-40: SIM4ME Composition data

Enter the Specification - Relief Valve

Double-click the relief valve placed in the PFD to view the Relief
Data dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Relief Valve Data - RV1
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve
Relief Valve Data - RV2
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size E1.5X2
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Back Pressure Correction 0.74
Factor
Relief Valve Type Balanced Bellow
Relief Valve Data - RV3
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G2X3

1-42 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Rupture Disk
Relief Valve Data - RV4
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve
Relief Valve Data - RV5
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve
Relief Valve Data - RV6
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve
Relief Valve Data - RV7
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-43

 Enter the Specification - Tee
Double-click the Tee placed in the PFD to view the Tee Data dialog
box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Tee - T1 to T7
Data
Split Ratio 0.6
Method Slate PR

Enter the Specification - Separator

Double-click the Separator placed in the PFD to view the Separator
Data dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Separator - PRU Flare KO Drum
Data
Method Slate PR
Duty 0 MMBtu/hr
Pressure Estimate 2.5 kg/cm2
Phases To Remove Liquid

Enter the Specification - Outlet

Double-click the Outlet placed in the PFD to view the Outlet Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Outlet - To LP Flare
Data UOM
Outlet Pressure 2.1 kg/cm2
Method Slate PR

Connect the unit operations as shown in Figure 1-37

Case Execution
Select the Thermodynamic Method as Soave-Redlich-Kwong and
Network Solution Option as shown in Figure 1-41.

1-44 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-41: Thermodynamic and Network Solution

Note: Check ‘Backup file upon and start of solution’ in Network

Solution Option dialog box to create the backup of the current
simulation.
Select Solve Network from Tasks menu or click to solve the
[Link] will ensure whether the data that has been entered has
a convergable solution or [Link] the network is solved, relief
valve can be selected for rating.
Select Rate Network.. from Tasks menu to bring up the Rate
Network dialog box. Enter the following data:
➤ Maximum Iterations 20
➤ Solution Tolerance 0.005 in2
➤ Assumed Back Press.. - Check this option and enter the
assumed back pressure value that you want to use in the rate
network calculation. In this example, this option is unchecked.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-45

 Figure 1-42: Rate Network

➤ Select the relief valve you want to rate from the ‘Relief Valve
Available’ and click Add. These will be listed under ‘Relief
Valves To Be Rated’.
➤ Click Add All (if you want to rate all the relief valves).
➤ Click OK.
➤ VISUAL FLOW will display the following message, if the
rating is successful.

Figure 1-43: Network Rating Completed

1-46 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Results and Analysis
Select Tasks/Reports/Rating Results to bring up the Rating
Results window.

Figure 1-44: Rv Rating Results

The user can view and analyze the following data:

■ Relief valve results on API 3% rule.
■ Solution converged for the rated relief valve - valve rated.
■ Deviation between Allowable and Actual frictional pressure
drop across the relief valve.
Relief Valve Name Allowable Frictional DP Actual Frictional DP
(psi) (psi)
RV1 10.6543 7.4814
RV2 10.6543 4.4711
RV3 10.2276 4.2487
RV4 0.3091 0.0002
RV5 4.8933 2.6599
RV5 4.8933 0.0000
RV6 8.9474 0.0827

■ Valve orifice area and its associated error value.

Error = Calculated valve size - Valve size specified in the
Equipment Manager.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-47

 Users can set their own error through Solution Tolerance from the
Rate Network dialog box (see Figure 1-44). The allowable solution
tolerance range is between 0.001 to 2 .
Relief Valve Name Calculated Valve Size Error ( [Link])
( [Link])
RV1 26.0020 0.0020
RV2 25.9968 -0.0032
RV3 25.9954 -0.0046
RV4 0.1179 -25.8821
RV5 25.9956 -0.0044
RV6 -1.0000 0.0000
RV7 25.9994 -0.0006

In RV4, the error difference is -25.8821 where as for RV6, the

calculated valve size shows a negative value. This is one of the
reason as to why the solution is not converged to these valves.
Users needs to select a proper relief valve to be used for the line
connection.
■ Calculates back pressure on the relief valve. If you have
selected and entered Assumed Back Press. in the Rate Net-
work dialog box. This value will be used in the rating calcula-
tion.
Relief Valve Name Back Pressure (psia)
RV1 143.8847
RV2 355.9708
RV3 244.2186
RV4 332.6100
RV5 157.3325
RV6 289.8432
RV7 139.2551

■ Using SIM4ME Thermo, users can apply a number of method

and component slates to analyze the rating results rather than
preparing a fresh list of components as in the case of VISUAL
FLOW thermodynamics.
■ VLLE Phase Flash method can be enabled by choosing the
SIM4ME Thermo option.

1-48 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

Example 7 - Load Scenario
Simulation Objective
This example explains how load scenario and case study feature can
be applied to a process. This feature will help the user to determine
the proper steady-state relief loads that are to be used for each ves-
sel within the system.

Simulation Model
The schematic representation of the process flow diagram is shown
below.

Figure 1-45: Load Scenario

Note: Load Scenario option can only be used with Simple Thermo
Thermodynamic Method.
This example uses three cases that have similar flow process flow
models. Select Add/Case..to bring up Add Case dialog box. Enter
the case name and click OK.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-49

 Figure 1-46: Add Case

Build the PFD as shown in the figure for all three cases, using the
following unit operation naming convention.
Unit Operation Unit Operation Naming Convention in PFD
Vessel Vessel A and B
Relief Valve Relief Valve A and B
Tee T1
Outlet O1

Select the Thermodynamic option for three cases as follows:

■ Case 1- Simple Thermo
■ Case 2 & 3 - Saove - Redlich- Kwong

1-50 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Enter the Specification - Vessel
Case 1:
Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel A
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 500 Deg F
Pressure 500 Psig
Flow Rate 3000 lb/hr
Vessel B
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 462.75617 Deg F
Pressure 300 Psig
Flow Rate 0 lb/hr

Click Composition to display Composition dialog box and enter the

following specification:

Composition Data
Vessel A Vessel B
Mw 85.96 Mw 30
Cp/Cv 1.62 Cp/Cv 1.1
Mass Fraction Vapor 1 Mass Fraction Vapor 1

Case 2:
Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel A
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type Dew Pt Temp
Temperature 486.44458 Deg F

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-51

 Pressure 475 Psig
Flow Rate 0 lb/hr

Vessel B
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type Bubb Pt Temp
Temperature 426.62828 Deg F
Pressure 300 Psig
Flow Rate 3500 lb/hr

Click Composition to display Composition Data dialog box and

enter the following specification:
Composition Data
Vessel A Vessel B
Component Name Mole Fraction Component Name Mole Fraction
METHANE 0.05030000 PROPANE 0.02470000
ETHANE 0.06600000 N-BUTANE 0.03650000
PROPANE 0.04200000 N-PENTANE 0.16550000
N-BUTANE 0.03650000 N-HEXANE 0.36880000
N-PENTANE 0.05790000 N-OCTANE 0.40450000
N-HEXANE 0.36880000
N-OCTANE 0.37850000

Case 3:
Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel A
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type Dew Pt Temp
Temperature 486.44458 Deg F
Pressure 475 Psig
Flow Rate 1750 lb/hr

1-52 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Vessel B
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type Dew Pt Temp
Temperature 462.75617 Deg F
Pressure 300 Psig
Flow Rate 0 lb/hr

Click Composition to display Composition Data dialog box and

enter the following specification:
Composition Data
Vessel A Vessel B
Component Name Mole Fraction Component Name Mole Fraction
METHANE 0.05030000 PROPANE 0.02470000
ETHANE 0.06600000 N-BUTANE 0.03650000
PROPANE 0.04200000 N-PENTANE 0.16550000
N-BUTANE 0.03650000 N-HEXANE 0.36880000
N-PENTANE 0.05790000 N-OCTANE 0.40450000
N-HEXANE 0.36880000
N-OCTANE 0.37850000

Enter the Specification - Relief Valve

Double-click the relief valve placed in the PFD to view the Relief
Data dialog box. Enter the following specification for Cases 1,2 and
3.:Enter the Specification - Tee
Relief Valve Data - A
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size J3X4
Set Pressure 470 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Conventional
Relief Valve Data - B
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size J3X4
Set Pressure 270 Psia
% Source Flow 100

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-53

 Relief Valve Type Conventional

Double-click the Tee placed in the PFD to view the Tee Data dialog
box. Enter the same specification for Cases 1,2 and 3.
Tee - T1
Data
Split Ratio 0.6

Enter the Specification - Outlet

Double-click the Outlet placed in the PFD to view the Outlet Data
dialog box. Enter the same specification for Cases 1,2 and 3.
Outlet - O1
Data UOM
Outlet Pressure 19.5 Psia

Connect the unit operations as shown in Figure 1-45.

Case Execution
If the you have various scenarios that need to be used in the process
(see Figure 1-47).

Figure 1-47: Scenario

Select the Case 1 under case selection drop-down list. Click or

select Add/Load Scenario to load a new scenario as seen in

1-54 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-47.
Note: Load Scenario feature is available only if you have selected
Simple Thermo option in Thermodynamic Methods dialog box.
Double click Vessel A to bring up Load Calculations dialog box.

Figure 1-48: Scenario Name

Click Add to bring up the Add Load Module dialog box. Enter the
new scenario name and select ‘Generic SS’ and click Add to bring
the VF Generic SS Excel sheet. Since excel is a powerful and
widely used mathematical tool, users can calculate on the spot, to
give input to VISUAL FLOW.

Figure 1-49: Generic SS Excel Sheet

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-55

 Enter the following specifications:
Module
Calc. Stream Properties Values Units
Temperature 486 Deg F
Pressure 475 Psig
Total rate 2000 lb/hr
Vapor MW 85.96
Vapor Cp/Cv 1.62
Liquid Specific gravity 0.5000
Vapor Mass Fraction 1.000

Select File/Update Load_Scenario.flr to update the data from

excel sheet to GUI. Select File/Exit & Return to
Load_Scenario.flr to return back to flowsheet. You can observe the
data that have been entered will reflect in Load Calculations dialog
box.
In the similar manner, user can create number of scenarios and test
the flowsheet for the given condition. Now, double-click the vessel
A to find the added scenario listed under Scenario in Vessel Data
dialog box.

Figure 1-50: Vessel Data

Select Tasks/Solve Network to solve the single case that exist in

the network. Select Tasks/Solve Network (All Cases) to solve all
the cases. This will ensure that the data entered has a convergable
solution. Users can select the desired scenario to run the simulation.

1-56 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Results and Analysis
As discussed in the earlier section, users can create a number of
scenarios to be used in the vessel. This feature will help to analyze
the process flow in a more detailed fashion with less effort.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-57

Example 8 - Diagnostic Threshold
Simulation Objective
Threshold limits for back pressure and line velocity has a profound
impact on the safety limits of an unit operation. The limits may vary
depending on the process parameters that are set, keeping its own
safety standards. This example illustrates the Report Manager
capability to filter out the relief valves and pipelines that exceeds
the limits set to built up Back Pressure and Actual velocity in the
PFD. Users may investigate further to resolve and bring to its safety
limits.

Simulation Model
The schematic representation of the process flow diagram is shown
below.

Figure 1-51: Diagnostic Threshold

Build the PFD as shown in the figure, using the following unit
operation naming conventions.
Unit Operation Unit Operation Name in PFD
Vessel V1,V2 and V3
Relief Valve RV1, RV2 and RV3
Tee T1 and T2
Outlet O1

1-58 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Enter the Specification - Vessel
Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel - V1
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 100 Deg F
Pressure 225 Psia
Flow Rate 1000 lb/hr

Vessel - V2
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 100 Deg F
Pressure 100 Psia
Flow Rate 1800 lb/hr

Vessel - V3
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 100 Deg F
Pressure 275 Psia
Flow Rate 1500 lb/hr

Composition Data
Vessel - V1 Vessel -V2
Component Name Mole Fraction Component Name Mole Fraction
ETHANE 0.5 HYDROGEN 1.0
ETHYLENE 0.5

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-59

 Vessel - V3
Component Name Mole Fraction
METHANE 1.0

Enter the Specification - Relief Valve

Double-click the relief valve placed in the PFD to view the Relief
Data dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Relief Valve Data - RV1
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size L3X4
Set Pressure 200 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Conventional
Relief Valve Data - RV2
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size L3X4
Set Pressure 75 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Balanced Bellow
Relief Valve Data - RV3
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size L3X4
Set Pressure 250 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Rupture Disk

Enter the Specification - Tee

Double-click the Tee placed in the PFD to view the Tee Data dialog
box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Tee - T1 to T2
Data
Split Ratio 0.6

1-60 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Enter the Specification - Outlet
Double-click the Outlet placed in the PFD to view the Outlet Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Outlet - O1
Data UOM
Outlet Pressure 20 Psia

Connect the unit operations as shown in Figure 1-51

Case Execution
Select Tasks/Solve Network to solve the network. This will ensure
that the data entered has a convergable solution.
Now, select Tasks/Diagnostic Thresholds/Back-Pressure
Threshold and Line Velocity Threshold to view the default set
limits for the following:
■ Built up back pressure for Relief Valves
■ Actual velocity
The percentage built up back pressure uses the following formula
for the calculation:

 Outlet Pr essure( Psig ) 

Built − upbackpressure(%) =   × 100
 Set Pr essure( Psig ) 
 

Similarly the threshold limits to line velocity uses the following

calculation:

 ActualVelocity ( ft / s ) 
DiagnosticLineVelocity (%) =   × 100
 SonicVelocity ( ft / s) 

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-61

 Figure 1-52: Default Back Pressure & Velocity Threshold

Select Tasks/Reports/Generate&View to view Report Manager

dialog box (see Figure 1-53).

Figure 1-53: Report Manager

Check Diagnostics and double-click Rv Back Pres and >%Sonic

to invoke the respective reports.

1-62 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-54: Back Pressure & Sonic Velocity Reports

The generated reports will list all the relief valves and pipelines, if
the conditions specified in Back-Pressure Threshold and Line
Velocity Threshold dialog box are satisfied.
Let us change the default values specified in Back Pressure and
Line Velocity Threshold dialog box as indicated below:
■ Conventional greater than 20% of built up back pressure
■ Rupture disk greater than 10% of built up back pressure
■ Actual Velocity greater than 75% of Sonic
Invoke the Rv Back Pres and >%Sonic reports through Report
Manager dialog box. The generated reports will list all the relief
valves and pipelines as per the new conditions specified in Back-
Pressure Threshold and Line Velocity Threshold dialog box. These
reports will help the users to view the specific areas that have
exceeded the safety limits.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-63

 Figure 1-55: Back Pressure & Sonic Velocity Reports

Note: Diagnostic threshold back pressure limits to relief valve can

be viewed at the bottom of the report.
Invoke Point by Point Report under Piping to view the detailed
information about the PFD.

Results and Analysis

The diagnostic reports will serve as an excellent tool in listing out
the areas where the safety limits have been exceed in an elaborate
flowsheet. Now, users can easily navigate and view the necessary
links to resolve and bring to its safety limits instead of reviewing all
the results listed in point by point report.

1-64 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

Example 9 - Simple - SIM4ME Thermo
Simulation Objective
This example illustrates the capability to translate the flowsheet
from simple to SIM4ME Thermodynamics. Earlier, when using
simple thermo, molecular weight, Cp/Cv, mass fraction and specific
gravity are supplied as input data. The extension of SIM4ME to
simple thermo flowsheet will help the users in accessing the
component database and its features to analyze the flowsheet in a
more detailed fashion.

Simulation Model
The schematic representation of the process flow diagram is shown
below.

Figure 1-56: Simple to SIM4ME Thermo

Build the PFD as shown in the figure, using the following unit
operation naming conventions.
Unit Operation Unit Operation Name in PFD
Vessel V1,V2,V3 & V4
Relief Valve RV1, RV2, RV3 & RV4
Tee T1, T2 & T3
Outlet O1

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-65

 Select Options/Thermodynamics.. and select the Simple
Thermo in Thermodynamic Methods dialog box.

Enter the Specification - Vessel

Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel - V1 to V4
Properties UOM
Scenario User defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 100 Deg F
Pressure 100 Psia
Flow Rate 100 lbmol/hr

Click Composition to display Composition dialog box and enter the

following specification:

Composition Data
Vessel - V1 Vessel - V2
Mw 35.007 Mw 32.317
Cp/Cv 1.233 Cp/Cv 1.218
Mass Fraction Vapor 0.483 Mass Fraction Vapor 0.229
Vessel - V3 Vessel - V4
SP GR 0.619 Mw 35.007
Cp/Cv 1.233
Mass Fraction Vapor 0.483

1-66 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Enter the Specification - Relief Valve
Double-click the relief valve placed in the PFD to view the Relief
Data dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Relief Valve Data - RV1
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve
Relief Valve Data - RV2
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size E1.5X2
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Balanced Bellow
Back- Pressure Correction 0.74
Factor
Relief Valve Data - RV3
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G2X3
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Rupture Disk
Relief Valve Data - RV4
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G1.5X2.5
Set Pressure 20 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Pilot Valve

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-67

 Enter the Specification - Tee
Double-click the Tee placed in the PFD to view the Tee Data dialog
box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Tee - T1 to T3
Data
Split Ratio 0.6

Enter the Specification - Outlet

Double-click the Outlet placed in the PFD to view the Outlet Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Outlet - O1
Data UOM
Outlet Pressure 20 Psia

Connect the unit operations as shown in Figure 1-56

Case Execution
Select Options/Thermodynamics..and choose SIM4ME Thermo.
Click OK to this dialog box will prompt the following message:

Figure 1-57: Translate to SIM4ME Thermo

Click Yes to translate the flowsheet to SIM4ME Thermo. This will

bring up the Component and Thermodynamics dialog box. Here,
you can observe five petro components are created in SIM4ME
thermo. The first petro component (SIMPLE_1) refers to the default
vessel and the rest four petro components correspond to each of the
four vessels present on the PFD. If the composition in any of the
vessel (in simple thermo) is same before translation, a common
petro component would be created in SIM4ME thermo.
Note: Refer Component and Thermodynamic Data chapter in
VISUAL FLOW user’s guide to know the advantage in using
SIM4ME Thermo. Also, refer SIM4ME Thermodynamics user’s
guide for further details.

1-68 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-58: Component and Thermodynamics

Results and Analysis

Select Tasks/Solve Network to solve the [Link] will ensure
that the data entered has a convergable solution.
With this translation, users can make use of the feature like VLLE,
Water (Kersone) Decant, user-defined Decant component and
method slate functionality that exist in SIM4ME Thermo to analyze
further.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-69

Example 10 - Sample 1_PHAST FX
Simulation Objective
PHAST FX allows the users to perform radiation calculation and
facilitates to view report/graph of various radiation levels.
Integration of PHAST FX with VISUAL FLOW will now allow the
users in transferring the flare data to PHAST FX to perform the
necessary radiation calculation. This example will illustrate and
furnish guidelines on how to transfer and analyze the data.

Simulation Model
The flowsheet has two vessels with Naptha relieving through a
common flare header. The vessels are at ground level with a 5 feet
vertical pipe connecting to its respective relief valves. The streams
from both the relief valves are combined through a junction (T1),
followed by Liquid Knock-out Drum (S1). The Vapor stream from
the Separator is fed to a 50 ft, 18-inch diameter vertical pipe
modeled as Flare stack.

Figure 1-59: PHAST FX

Both the relief valves in the network are rated to get the maximum
capacity. The network is configured for a maximum flow-rate to
occur from both the vessels. Additionally, to represent a worst-case
scenario, pressure in relief valves are set in a way that both the
1-70 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE
 vessels are relieved simultaneously. The connections in flare
network are also sized, so that the maximum velocity is below 50%
of the sonic.
The figure above is a schematic representation of the Process Flow
Diagram (PFD) that has been used for this example. Build the PFD
as shown in the figure, using the following unit operation naming
conventions.
Unit Operation Unit Operation Name in PFD
Vessel Vessel A and B.
Relief Valve RVA and RVB
Tee T1
Separator S1
Outlet O1

Enter the Specification - Vessel

Double-click the vessel placed in the PFD to view the Vessel Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Vessel Data for Vessel A
Properties UOM
Scenario User Defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 60 Deg F
Pressure 475 psig
Flow Rate 268506.7 lb/hr

Vessel Data for Vessel B

Properties UOM
Scenario User Defined
Flash Type TP Flash
Temperature 50 Deg F
Pressure 475 psig
Flow Rate 109649 lb/hr

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-71

 Figure 1-60: Vessel Data Dialog Box

Composition Data - Case 1

Vessel - V1 Vessel -V2
Component Name Mole Fraction Component Name Mole Fraction
METHANE 0.05030000 METHANE 0.05030000
ETHANE 0.06600000 ETHANE 0.06600000
PROPANE 0.04200000 PROPANE 0.04200000
N-BUTANE 0.03650000 N-BUTANE 0.03650000
N-PETANE 0.05790000 N-PETANE 0.05790000
N-HEXANE 0.36880000 N-HEXANE 0.36880000
N-OCTANE 0.37850000 N-OCTANE 0.37850000

Composition Data - Case 2

Vessel - V1 Vessel -V2
Component Name Mole Fraction Component Name Mole Fraction
METHANE 0.02530000 METHANE 0.02530000
ETHANE 0.06600000 ETHANE 0.06600000
PROPANE 0.04200000 PROPANE 0.04200000
N-BUTANE 0.03650000 N-BUTANE 0.03650000
N-PETANE 0.05790000 N-PETANE 0.05790000
N-HEXANE 0.36880000 N-HEXANE 0.36880000

1-72 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 N-OCTANE 0.37850000 N-OCTANE 0.37850000
METHANOL 0.02500000 METHANOL 0.02500000

Enter the Specification - Relief Valve

Double-click the relief valve placed in the PFD to view the Relief
Data dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Relief Valve Data - RVA
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size J 3X4
Set Pressure 450 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Conventional
Relief Valve Data - RVB
Properties UOM
Relief Valve Size G2X3
Set Pressure 450 Psia
% Source Flow 100
Relief Valve Type Conventional

Figure 1-61: Relief Valve Data

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-73

 Enter the Specification - Tee
Double-click the Tee placed in the PFD to view the Tee Data dialog
box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Tee - T1
Data
Split Ratio 0.6

Enter the Specification - Separator

Double-click the Separator placed in the PFD to view the Separator
Data dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Separator - S1
Data
Duty 0 MMBtu/hr
Pressure Estimate 14.739307 Psia
Phases To Remove Liquid

Enter the Specification - Outlet

Double-click the Outlet placed in the PFD to view the Outlet Data
dialog box. Enter the specifications listed below:
Outlet - O1
Data UOM
Outlet Pressure 14.696 Psia

Connect the unit operations as shown in Figure 1-59.

The piping and the elevation in the network is adjusted such that the
connection S1<-> O1 represents a Flare stack of 18" diameter and
50 ft high. The condition at the flare tip is maintained at
atmospheric pressure.
Name the current case as Case 1. Select Add/Case..to view Add
Case dialog box (see Figure 1-62). Enter Case 2 and click OK. The
effect of components and their composition on the radiation are
studied in Case 2.
Note: Only the vessel composition data has been changed for case
2 compared to case 1.

1-74 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-62: Add Case

Case Execution
The Naptha undergoes phase change from pure liquid to two-phase
stream due to pressure drop across the down-stream side of the
relief [Link] knock out drum S1 separates liquid rich stream into
pure vapor and liquid. The vapor part of the stream is sent to the
flare-stack for burning, which in turn causes radiation. The extent
and the level of radiation from the flare stack can be studied in
VISUAL FLOW as a result of PHAST FX integration.
Select the Thermodynamic Method as Soave-Redlich-Kwong and
Network Solution Option as shown in Figure 1-63.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-75

 Figure 1-63: Thermodynamic and Network Solution

Select Solve Network from the Tasks menu or click to solve

the [Link] will ensure whether the data that has been entered
has a convergable solution or not.
After solving, click to transfer the data from the Flare Tip (O1)
to PHAST FX. Clicking the icon will bring up the Outlet Selection
Dialog for PHAST FX dialog box (see Figure 1-64). Enter the base
elevation value as 55 ft. This assumes that vessels are at 0 ft
elevation. By default, outlet associated with each case would be
checked. Click OK to transfer the data from VISUAL FLOW (O1)
to PHAST FX. Now, save the study folder in PHAST FX 6.5 and run
the JET FIRE model created for both Case 1 and Case 2.

1-76 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-64: Outlet Selection Dialog for PHAST FX

Results and Analysis

The resulting radiation level plots are listed below along with a
brief discussion on the results obtained

Shape of radiation level along the horizontal direction

(at z= 0 ft, i.e, ground level)
The profile presented below shows the radiation levels from the
flare tip as observed at the ground level and the effect of weather
conditions. From the figure following details can be inferred:
■ Radiation level peaks at around 50 ft from the flare stack for all
the three weather conditions.
■ Radiation peak reaches 4 to 6 kW/m2 at about 50 ft at the
ground level. The radiation level at 4 kW/m2 can result in
second-degree burn, if the human skin is exposed for more than
20 seconds.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-77

 Figure 1-65: Radiation vs Distance for Jet Fire

Note: Refer PHAST FX online help for more information.

Radiation Ellipse for 4.5 kW/ m2 from the flare tip at

ground level (Base Case - O1)
The below plot shows radiation ellipse of 4.5 kW/m2 from the
origin (0,0).The wind direction is to be interpreted from left to right
and the whole of radiation ellipse from right of the Flare Stack. The
plot also indicates that a radiation level of 4.5 kW/m2, which
prevails at a distance of almost 80 ft at the ground level from Flare
Stack.

1-78 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-66: Radiation Ellipse for 4.5 kW/m2

Note: If the radiation level entered by the user is out of range then
the Intensity radii plot would be blank. For example, if the
maximum radiation for a particular scenario is about 3 KW/m2 and
the user has entered 4.5 KW/m2 (default value) then the intensity
radii plot would be [Link] user can generate the radiation ellipse
for any desired radiation level by entering an appropriate value in
the Radiation Data tab of PHAST FX. Users need to re-run the case
to generate the plot.

Jet Fire contours for different radiation levels at ground

level (z = 0) for global weather
The below plot (Figure 1-68) describes the radiation contour at the
ground level. This plot must be explicitly requested after data
transfer from VISUAL FLOW to PHAST FX using the JET FIRE
model dialog as shown below.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-79

 Figure 1-67: Jet Fire dialog box

The above plot can be generated for two weather conditions. Even
though, a request has been made for radiation levels of 4, 12.5 and
37.5 KW/m2 (Figure 1-67) the plot shows contours for radiation
level of 4 KW/m2 only. This is because, more lethal radiation never
occurred for levels of 12.5 and 37.5 kW/m2 at the ground level as
result of this relieving scenario.

1-80 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Figure 1-68: Radiation Plot

Comparison of radiation level due to

component / composition change
Case 2 has been furnished to the users to show the impact of adding
a trace amount of component Methanol at the expense of Methane.
Note: Methanol is readily combustible compared to Methane.

The plot below illustrates the JET FIRE model corresponding to

Case 2. This plot also infers that case 2 with a trace amount of
Methanal (2.5%) shows a higher level of radiation compared to
Case 1.

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 1-81

 Figure 1-69: Jet Fire Model - Case 2

1-82 VISUAL FLOW EXAMPLE

 Index

A E
Actual velocity , 1-61 Equipment Manager , 1-11
Add Case , 1-49
assay data , 1-30
Assay Graph , 1-35
F
Assay Tab , 1-32
flow reversal , 1-25

B
G
Blackoil Well , 1-10
Generic SS , 1-55
Built up back pressure , 1-61

C H
Heat Input , 1-20
Check Data , 1-21
API scale , 1-20
Color Coding , 1-14
Horizontal , 1-18
Component Slate Summary , 1-36
Components and Thermodynamics , 1-41
Connection Color , 1-15 I
Connection Name , 1-14
Connection To Be Sized , 1-12 Inspection Property Data , 1-31
Conventional , 1-63
Critical Velocity , 1-12
Cutset Summary , 1-36
L
Largest Flow Rate , 1-24
D Largest Valve Size , 1-24
Library Tab , 1-41
Depressuring , 1-23 Line Sizes , 1-15
Depressuring Vessel , 1-17 Line Sizing , 1-12
Device Name , 1-14 Line Sizing Report , 1-14
Device Type , 1-14 Lines selected , 1-15
Diagnostics , 1-62 Load Calculations , 1-55
Do Not Capture , 1-24 Load Scenario , 1-54
looped network , 1-25

67 Index
 M Relief Valve Available , 1-7
Relief Valves To Be Rated , 1-7
Report Manager , 1-15, 1-58
MAWP , 1-19
Rupture disk , 1-63
[Link] , 1-12
Rv Back Pres , 1-62
Maximum Iterations , 1-6
Method Slate Summary , 1-36

S
N
S4M Summary , 1-36
safety limits , 1-64
Nominal Inlet , 1-14
Save Current Sizes , 1-13
Schedule , 1-14
O SIM4ME Thermo , 1-48
SIM4ME Thermo GUI , 1-41
Outlet Diameter , 1-14 simple to SIM4ME Thermodynamics , 1-65
Output , iii Simulation Techniques , iii
overall efficiency , 1-10 Simulation time , 1-19
Single Link Example , 1-1, 1-70
Sizes Available , 1-11
P Sizes to Use , 1-11
Slate Tab , 1-41
petro components , 1-68
Solution Tolerance , 1-6
PHAST FX , 1-70
stream capture , 1-23
combustible , 1-81
JET FIRE model , 1-76 Stream Flowrate Capture , 1-20
Outlet Selection Dialog for PHAST FX , 1-76
phase change , 1-75
radiation calculation , 1-70 T
radiation ellipse , 1-78
Radiation level , 1-77 Thermodynamic Data , 1-31
Radiation peak , 1-77 Threshold limits , 1-58
pipeline sizing , 1-10 Time Step , 1-19
Piping , 1-64 Transport Data , 1-31
Point by Point Report , 1-64
Problem Description , iii
Process Selected Assay , 1-32 V
Property Tab , 1-32
pseudocomponents , 1-30 Valve orifice area , 1-8
Vent Phase , 1-19
Vertical , 1-18
R vessels to be Depressured , 1-22

VLLE Phase Flash method , 1-48

Rate Network , 1-48
Refinery Heat Exchanger Network , 1-17

VISUAL FLOW Application Briefs 68