Miranda: Prospero (@ What has happened earlier in the context? Ans. A furious storm starts ship carrying the kin, Antonio, Sebastian and others fa Ices a grave ‘danger. The royal’ passengoss” ee panicky and rush to the deck. : (i) Why does the boatswain lose his temper 2 Ans, The boatswain loses his temper when the royal passengers begin to order him and the other crew members. He does not like to be ordered at this crucial moment. So he ashe every passenger to go back and remain in his cabin, ‘aging at the sea. The 6 of Naples, Alonso, (i) How does Gonzalo view the boatswain’s angry outburst ? What does he predict ? Ans. Gonzalo finds that the boatswain is rude to everyone, especially to Alonso, Naples. He thinks that if the shi safe to their country, executed for his iny death by hanging. (ir) What is Gonzalo’s wish ? the king of Ip goes back the boatswain will be ipertinence. He predicts his Ans. Gonzalo does not want to die in the sea. He is ready to give away a thousand furlongs of sea in exchange for only an acre of dry land. He prays to God to let him die on a dry land, if he is destined to die, (e) What do you think of Gonzalo? ‘Ans. Gonzalo is devoted to the King of Naples, Alonso. He remains calm and composed at the time of grave crises. He has full faith in God and prays to him to let him die on a piece of dry land. (ci) Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage: (a) complexion (b) perfect gallows ‘Ans, (a) external appearance (b) good indication of being born to be hanged. PASSAGE-3 Prospero: Becollected No more amazement. Tell your piteous heart There's no harm done. O woe the day. No harm Thave done nothing but in care of thee, Of thee my dear, one, thee my daughter, who Art ignorant of what thou art, naught knowing Of whence I am, nor that I am more better Than Prospero, master of a full poor cell, And thy no greater father. (Act I, Se Tl) [ISC Specimen Question Paper] (i) Who are Prospero and Miranda ? Where are they at this moment ? Ans, Prospero is the ousted Duke of Milan. Miranda is his daughter. They are at this moment on the island where Prospero and Miranda landed twelve years ago, after Prospero’s ouster from Milan. (i) Why does Prospero tell Miranda to “be collected”? Ans. Prospero tells Miranda to be calm because Miranda is greatly upset on seeing that a ship caught in the storm was sinking. She thinks that all the passengers abroad will perish. She is tearful and desperate. (ii) What does Prospero do before telling Miranda his story ? Why does he do so? ‘Ans, Prospero takes off his magic robe. He points out to the magic robe and remarks that he discards his magic with the robe. He does so in order to assure Miranda that no one on the ship will be affected anymore with his magic. (ic) What does Prospero mean when he tells Miranda that she is “ignorant of what thou art?” Ans. Prospero means to say that Miranda does not know who she is in reality, from where she came to the island and where she lived before they came to this island, {e) What had Prospero’s position been before coming to this place ? What was responsible for his condition ? Ans. Prospero was the Duke of Milan before coming to this place. His own brother Antonio was responsible for this condition. (vi) Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage : (@) piteous (®) care Ans. (@) piteous : sympathetic (b) care:PASSAGE-4 Prospero Well demanded, wench : My tale provokes that question, Dear, they durst not, So dear the love my people bore me, nor set ‘A mark so bloody on the business; but With colours fairer painted their foul ends. In few, they hurried us aboard a bark, Bore us some leagues to sea; where they prepared A rotten carcass of a butt, not rige’d, Nor tackle, sail, nor mast-the very rats Instinctively have quit it. There they hoist us To cry to the sea that roar’d to us; to sigh To tlie winds, whose pity, sighing back again, Did us but loving wrong. (Act I, Se 11) (i) How has Miranda reacted on seeing a sinking ship in the sea storm ? ‘Ans. Miranda has reacted quite agitatedly on seeing a sinking ship in the sea storm. She is worried about the fate of crying passengers. She asks her father to calm the sea if he has raised the storm by his magical powers. (ii) What does Prospero assure Miranda ? ‘Ans. Prospero tells Miranda that he has raised the storm for her good. He assures her that no passenger on the ship has been harmed, and that all are safe. He says that she is upset because she does not know who she is and who he is in reality. (iii) What happened to Prospero twelve years ago? ‘Ans. Twelve years ago Prospero was the Duke of Milan. He left the management of state affairs to his brother Antonio. Antonio grew greedy of power, and one day he, with the help of the king of Naples and his loyal soldiers, usurped his throne, He and his two years old daughter Miranda were then put in an old, dilapidated boat, to drift and die in the sea. Luckily, they safely landed on an island. (iv) Why were Prospero and his daughter not killed? ‘Ans, If Prospero and his daughter had been killed, a there could have been bloody clashes in the Ans. (a) girl ‘Ans. There is a master-slave relationship be e state. So Antonio and his associstes corr, out their wicked designs secretly. 4 (v) Who had helped Prospero, and how ? ‘Ans. An old devoted lord Gonzalo put zi) » necessary things, clothes, linens and Prosy, valuable books in the boat. These proves very helpful to Prospero and Miranda they lived a secluded life on the island (vi) Give the meanings of the following words they are used in the context of the passaye {a) wench (b) provokes (0) excites PASSAGE-5 Pe Prospero Abhorredslave, Which any print of goodness wilt not take, Being capable of all ill !I pitied thee, Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee cai hour One thing or other: when thou didst not, sevege Know thine own meaning, but wouldst gett like A thing most brutish, I endow/d thy purposes With words that made them known (Act I, SI (9 Who is Caliban ? How is he used ty Prospero? Ans, Caliban is a deformed creature, looking zor: like a fish. He is the son of a witch Sycorax. Prospero tried to humanize fix = every way but to no avail. He has now to use him to carry wood and make fire. (ii) What kind of relationship exists betwee: Prospero and Caliban ? a Prospero and Caliban. Caliban hates Prospzt for usurping his island and controlling hist: his magic. Prospero hates him for he has oc tried to rape Miranda. (iii) How did Prospero treat him in the past ? ‘Ans. Prospero treated him kindly in the past = hetried to outrage the chastity of his daug= He taught him to speak so that he co express his thoughts. However, he failed = change his evil nature. So he imprisoned 5 ina rock-cave.(iv) How does Prospero threaten Caliban to obedience ? Ans. Prospero tells Caliban that if he faite «<4. some wood at once or disob, fae to bring he would torture him with ce seh s aa fill his bones with acute pain wheats and him to roar loudly. (©) What impression do you form of Prospero ? Ans. Prospero’s harsh attitude towards Caliber, ‘seettt i a justified in view of Caliban’s evil and ie nature. His past treatment of Caliban shows (vi) Givethe meanings of the following wordsas they are used in the context of the passage : (a) abhorred (b) gabble Ans. (a) hated ( talk non-sense PASSAGE-6 Ferdinand So they are ! ‘My spirits, as in a dream, are all bound up. My father's loss, the weakness which I feel, The wreck of all my friends, nor this man’s threats, (To whom I am subdu’d) are but light to me, ‘Might I but through my prison once-a-day Behold this maid: all corners else o’the earth Let liberty make use of; space enough Have I in such a prison, (Act I, Se 1) ( Who is Ferdinand ? What happened to him earlier in the context ? Ans. Ferdinand is the son of Alonso, the king of Naples. He was on the ship that had on board his father, Antonio, Sebastian among others. There arose a severe tempest and the ship was sure to be wrecked. Ferdinand leapt into the sea and reached the shore. (ii) Who brings him to Prospero and Miranda, and how? a ii i it a ‘sweet song. vee ie hi vole, Ferdinand comes to the place where Prospero and Miranda are. (iii) How do Ferdinand and Miranda react on seeing each other ? Ans. Ferdinand is bewitched by the beauty of Miranda whom he at first regards as the goddess of the island. Miranda, who has never before seen such a handsome man as Ferdinand, falls in love with him at once. (i2) Why does Prospero imprison Ferdinand ? How does Ferdinand react ? Ans. Prospero wants to test Ferdinand’s love for his daughter. So he imprisons Ferdinand by magic. Ferdinand finds himself totally weak and helpless. So he surrenders himself to his captor. He feels that imprisonment is of no consequence if he can have the glimpse of Miranda daily. (e) How does Miranda feel on Ferdinand’s imprisonment ? Ans. Miranda is full of resentment on Ferdinand’s being treated cruelly. She objects to it but her father snubs her into silence. She decides to remain near Ferdinand and help him in his arduous task of carrying logs of wood. (i) Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage : (@) bound up (8) light Ans. (a) enchained (b) of little importance PASSAGE-7 Prospero Shake it off. Come on, We'll visit Caliban, my slave, who never Yields us kind answer. Miranda “Tis a villain, sir, Ido not love to look on. Prospero But as ‘tis, We cannot miss him; he does make our fire, Fetch in our wood, and serves in offices That profit us— What, ho, slave ! Caliban, Thou earth, thou : speak ! (Act I, Se 11) (® What order has Prospero given to Ariel ? Why? Ans. Prospero has ordered Ariel to go and come back to him in the form of a sea-maiden. GDHe asks him not to be visible to anyone else (except Prospero and Ariel himself). He wants = [9 Who was Prospero ? What happened to hig twelve years ago? Prospero was the Duke of Milan. Twelve yey, to use Ariel to teach his enemies a lesson. ies: as ited eel U4 jiranda? ago his brother Antonio conspired against h;.. (0) Why does he wake up his daughter Miran age! Le FE Aloros, le Hig of rl Ans. He wakes up Miranda as he wants to go with aera tions accede eet her to see Caliban, his slave. Caliban always and 0 sere = : gives rough and unkind answers to his Miranda, then two years old baby, was in}, questions. ame. ai . (0) What is Miranda‘s attitude towards Caliban? (i) How did Antonio succeed in his ey jesigns ? Avo. Caliban once tried to outrage the modesty of designs a Miranda, He is ugly and deformed creature. Ans, Prospero was so much absorbed in sec, He looks more like a fish than a human being. studies that he left the administration of 4, So Miranda hates him and does not even want state in the hands of his brother” Anton, to havea look at him. ‘Antonio, being cunning, knew whom , (0) What does Prospero want Miranda to realize ? promoteand whom to discourage. Hechang., ‘Ans. Prospero wants Miranda to realize that they ce loyalty of Lae wt ane t devoted . cannot do without Caliban. It is Caliban who Prospero. He came fae : iB he stay serves them in many useful ways - in making He began to behave like the real Duke. Wig their fire, fetching wood, etc. the help of his loyal men and the king ¢ (0) Who comes immediately before Caliban’s Naples he was able to oust Prospero from ty appearance ? In what form is he? dukedom: , : ns. Prospero calls out Caliban. Before Caliban —_{#) On what terms did the king of Naples he} appears, Aricl enters in the form of a water Antonio? nymph. Prospero praises his attire and utters A's. Antonio sought the help of Alonso, the ky something in his ear. of Naples, in usurping his brother's throne.{: (vi) Give the meanings of the following words as return, he agreed to acknowledge him as ts they are used in the context of the passage : superior and make his dukedom subordin: it 5 to the state of Naples. He also promised to py (a) shake it off (b) offices PI Pe him annual subsidy. Ans. (a) wake up (b) duties , ; (ip) How were the lives of Prospero and Mirand PASSAGE-8 saved ? Ans. It was Providence that helped the old ax rospero Being once perfected how to grant suits, How to deny them, who t’ advance, and who To trash for overtopping, new created The creatures that were mine, I say, or changed ‘em, dilapidated boat of Prospero and Miran reach a remote island. An old lord Gonz had put in the boat all the necessary artic’ and some valuable books of Prospero, whi? proved to be very useful in their survival (v) Why does Prospero tell his,story to Miran after twelve years 7 Or else new formed ‘em; having both the key")! Of officer and office, st all hearts th’ state Ans. Prospero realizes that as Ferdinand, his fat” To what tune pleased his ear, that now he was’ and Prospero's own brother Antonio are" ‘The ivy which had hid iy princely'traiik on the island; it is high time for Miranda” sevnet et _ 2: - that she j i o And sucked #iy verdure out on’t' Thou attend’st fishes is rate grown up, jo undertone not! * Mack, Se) things to know, what happened to her and father twelye years a 7) ye ys G0.(0): Give the meanings of the fo they are used in the cont 1(@) trash (b) verdure Ans. (@) check (b) sap lowing words as text of the passage : PASSAGE-9 Prospero Dost thou forget From what a torment I did free thee ? Ariel No. Prospero ‘Thou dost, and think’st it much Of the salt deep, Torun upon the sharp wind of the north, To do me business in the veins o'th’ earth When it is baked with frost, Ariel IT do not, sir, Prospero Thou liest, malignant thing; hast thou forgot The foul witch Sycorax, who with age and envy Was grown into a hoop ? Hast thou forgot her? to tread the ooze her hateful commands, she imprisoned him in an open pine tree. He languished there with Pain for twelve years. It was Prospero who released him from his prison with his magic, \) What tells you that Ariel is an obedient and nice spirit ? “ae Ariel realises his mistake in demanding his freedom. So he seeks pardon and promises to obey all commands of Prospero without grumbling, It reveals that he is basically a nice, obedient spirit, unlike Caliban who is wicked and perverse by nature, (©) Comment upon Prospero’s attitude towards Ariel. ‘ne. Itis very rare that Prospero’s attitude towards Ariel is harsh. It is possible that he becomes angry at Ariel’s premature demand of freedom as he has many unfinished tasks which he is to accomplish with Ariel's help. ) Give the meanings of the words as they are used in the context of the passage : (a) ooze (b) ‘malignant thing Ans. (a) soft mud (b) evil-minded person PASSAGE-19 Ariel Ariel No, sir. ‘Yes, Caliban, her son, Prospero Prospero Thou hast! Where was she born ? speak; tell me Dull thing, I say so—he, that Caliban, (Act I, Se 1) (9) What has made Prospero angry ? ‘Ans. After doing the assigned tasks, Ariel reminds Prospero that he has promised him his freedom, He says he has never disobeyed him. Prospero’ has promised to reduce his period of service by one full year. This demand for freedom makes Prospero angry. (ii) What does Prospero remind Ariel ? Whom now I keep in service, Thou best knowst What torment I did find thee in : thy groans Did make wolves howl, and penetrate the breasts Of ever-angry bears. It was a torment To lay upon the damned, which Sycorax Could not again undo. It was mine art, When I arriv'd and heard thee, that made gape The pine and let thee out. Ans. Prospero reminds Ariel how he freed him Ariel from his great torture. Tthank thee, master. (iil) Who was Sycorax ? What did she doto Ariel, Prospero andwhy? : Ans, Sycorax Wasa wicked witch who was banished from Algiers and was broughtto theisland. As Ariel, being a delicate spirit, refused to carry \'° ISC Self-Study Lit. in English Papert If thou more murmur’st, I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails till Thou hast howled away twelve winters. sr)Ariel Pardon, master, (i) What does Prospero remind Ariel ?Why ? ‘Ans, Prospero reminds Ariel how he found him imprisoned and heard his loud, unbearable groans. It was his magical power which made the pine open apart and release him from inside it. Prospero reminds him all this as ‘Ariel has become impatient for his freedom from Prospero's control over him. (ii) Who was Sycorax ? Why had she imprisoned Ariel ina pine tree ? ‘Ans. Sycorax was an evil-minded witch. She came to the island from Algiers. She got angry with Ariel when he refused to obey her hateful ‘commands. In anger she shut him up ina pine tree, He languished there for twelve years. (iif) Who is Caliban ? ‘Ans, Caliban is the illegitimate son of the witch Sycorax. He is a deformed, ugly creature, a demi-devil. He looks more like a fish than a human being. Prospero calls him ‘a dull thing’. He is in Prospero’s service. (iv) What threat is issued by Prospero to Ariel ? Why? ‘Ans, Prospero is angry with Ariel for demanding his freedom at a wrong time. So he threatens to fix him in the twisted trunk of an oak tree and leave him there to groan for twelve years. (v) What do you think of Prospero as a slave- driver? ‘Ans, Prospero is strict and harsh as a master. He wantshisslavesto work for him ungrudgingly. When Ariel or Caliban shows reluctance in doing something, he threatens him into submission. (vi) Give the meanings of the following words as. they are used in the context of the passage : (a) dull thing (b) penetrate Ans. (a) stupid fellow (b) touch (Act I, Se 11) PASSAGE-11, Miranda ‘There's nothing ill can dwell in such a temple. If the ill spirit have so fair a house, Good things will strive to dwell with’t, Gy Prospero Follow me. 7 speak not you for him; he's traitor—Come, I'll manacle thy neck and feet together; ‘Sea water-shalt thou drink; thy food shall be ‘The fresh-brook muscles, withered root, 4, husks Wherein the acorn cradled. Follow ! (Act 5, (9) Who is Ferdinand ? Why does Prospero hima’spy’? Ans. Ferdinand is the son of Alonso, the king y Naples. Heand Miranda, Prospero's daugh. fall in love at first sight. Prospero is hy but he decides to test Ferdinand’s love for daughter, so he pretends to be offended y, dubs Ferdinand as a spy. (if) How does Miranda react ? ‘Ans, Miranda is unhappy with her fathey, treatment of Ferdinand. She tries to defen Ferdinand by saying that there can be no ej in such a handsome person. Even if there wey an element of evil in him, goodwill wou strive to remove it. (iii) How does Prospero respond ? ‘Ans, Prospero ‘rebukes Miranda for defending stranger. He says that Ferdinand is a tratx He imprisons him with his magic, and ass him to follow him. (iv) Why does Ferdinand obey Prospero? Ans, Ferdinand draws his sword to resist imprisonment by Prospero. But Prosper: renders him helpless by magic from movin, So Ferdinand decides to obey Prospet without grudge. (v) What do you think of Prospero’s action? Ans. Prospero is a wise person. He knows that fi reward is easily won it loses its charm. Sok pretends to be harsh on Ferdinand so that! may make the reward of his daughter forli= as difficult as possible, (vi), Give the meanings of the following words? they are used in the context of the passat (@) temple (b) muscles Ans. (a) body (b) shell fishPASSAGE-12 Antonio O, cut of that ‘no hope’, ‘What great hope have you ? No hope that way is Another way so Righ a hope that even Amibition cannot pierce a wink beyond, But doubt discovery there, - (Act IL Sc DISC Specimen Question Paper] (9 To whom is Antonio speaking ? Where are they? Ass. Antonio is speaking to Sebastian, Alonso's brother. They are on one part of the island. (® Explain the circumstances which brought them to this place. Antonio, Sebastian along with king of Naples, Alonso, and others were on a ship. They were retuming to Naples after the marriage of Alonso's daughter in Africa. A storm raised by Prospero's magic engulfed the ship. They jumped into the sea and reached the shore. After some time they walked to the place. () To what does Antonio refer through his words ‘no hope’? ABS. Antonio refers to ‘no hope’ of Ferdinand’s safety. Ferdinand is thought to be drowned. (©) How does Antonio seek to comfort his companion ? Ans. Antonio tries to comfort his companion Sebastian that if he has no hope of Ferdinand’s safety it means he may have the hope of becoming the king of Naples. (©) Which wrong deed had Antonio committed earlier? Ans. Antonio had committed the wrong deed of ousting his own brother, Prospero, from the dukedom of Milan, with the help of Alonso, the king of Naples, and his brother Sebastian. (°) Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the Passage: (@) wink Ans. @) wink: aim @) doubt: uncertainty season eee Pe) Ans. (@) doubt meri PASSAGE-13. Gonzalo That our garments, being, as they were, drenched in the sea, hold notwithstanding their freshness and gloss, being rather new-dyed than stained with salt water. Antonio If but one of his pockets could speak, would it not say he lies ? Sebastian Ay, or very falsely pocket up his report. Gonzalo Methinks our garments are now as fresh as when we put them on first in Africa, at the marriage of the King’s fair daughter Claribel to the King of Tunis. (Act II, Se) ()) How has Gonzalo tried to console Alonso ? Why? Ans. Gonzalo has tried to console Alonso because Alonso is in grief over the supposed death of his son Ferdinand. According to Gonzalo, they should be cheerful for the fact that they have escaped the worst tempest in their lives. (®) What seems to be something miraculous to Gonzalo? Gonzalo points out to their clothes which, though soaked in the sea, retain their brightness and gloss as if they had been dyed afresh rather than stained with salt water. How is he mocked at by Antonio? Antonio, making fun of Gonzalo, says that if one of his pockets could speak it would say he told a lie as it had mud in it. (i) Who is Claribel ? From where is the party of Passengers coming ? Ans. Claribel is Alonso’s daughter. The party ) OF passengers aboard the ship that has ‘wrecked’ is coming from Africa where Claribel was married to the King of Tunis. Ans. (iia) Ans. GoHow does Sebastian describe Claribel’s marriage later in the context ? Sebastian ironically remarks that the marriage was ‘sweet’ (unlucky). That was chy, they had a ‘prosperous’ (disastrous) age back, Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the Passage: (a) notwithstanding (b) pocket up (2) yet (t) hide PASS Sebastian Sir, you may thank yourself for this great loss, That would not bless our Europe with your daughter But rather loose her to an African; Where she at least is banished your eye, Who hath cause to wet the grief on’t. Alonso Prithee, peace. Sebastian ‘You were kneeled to and importuned otherwise By all of us, and the fair soul herself ‘Weighed between loathness and obedience, at ‘Which end o'th’ beam should bow. We have lost your son, I fear, for ever, Milan and Naples have More widows in them of this business’ making Than we bring men to comfort them. The fault’s your own. (Act 1, Se) (5), Who is Alonso ? Why is he in grief ? ns. Alonso is the king of Naples. He is in grief cover the supposed loss of his son Ferdinand. He is inconsolable. He does not believe that “his son could be alive. (:) Who is Sebastian ? Why does he blame Alonso? ‘ons. Sebastian is Alonso's brother. He blames ‘Alonso for the voyage which took the toll ‘of Alonso's son Ferdinand. He wants to say that if they had not undertaken the voyage cs) to get his daughter married to an African, Ferdinand would have been alive. (i) Why does Gonzalo object to Sebastian, words later in the context ? Ans. Gonzalo feels that Sebastian may be right bu, his words are cruel to say in the king’s hour of gief. Sebastian is only aggravating the king's agony. ‘ ») Whatisitthat Antonio asks Sebastiantodo? Ans. Antonio asks Sebastian to avail of the golden opportunity and kill his brother, Alonso, why is sleeping nearby. Thus he will become the king of Naples. Ferdinand, the prince, is dead and the princess is so far away that she will not come to know what has happened to her father. (0) What do you think of Sebastian? Ans. Unlike Gonzalo, Sebastian is not in a mood to console his brother and king. He is rather curt and rude in pointing out to the king's faultin putting their lives into danger. (°) Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the Passage: (a) thank (b) loathness s. (a) blame (#) unwillingness > 5 PASSAGE-15 Antonio Nor I. My spirits are nimble. They fell together all, as by consent; They dropped, as by a thunderstroke. Wht might, Worthy Sebastian, O, what might—? No more; And yet, methinks I see it in thy face What thou shouldst be. Th’ occasion speaks thet: and My strong imagination sees a crown Dropping upon thy head. Sebastian What, art thou waking ? Antonio Do you not hear me speak ? (act 11,56)@ What has caused sleep to the w: passengers of the ship ? Wh affected by sleep ? have not been Ans. “Ariel’s sweet music has lulle: to sleep. Only Antonio and’ Seb, avake.’ Alonso, the sorrowful kine i we last to sleep. Antonio and Sebastian sre these who cannot sleep in peace bee thoughts in their minds, °° % the evil (i), What is Antonio up to ? How do Sebastian to do an evil act ? Ans. Antonio wants Sebastian to Kill his broth Alonso, the king of Naples, because he is siibordinate to him and has to pay him annual subsidy. So very cunningly he leads Sebastian to agree to his evil plan. (iil) Why is Antonio pointing out to the way the others have fallen asleep ? Ans. Antonio is pointing out to Sebastian that all haye together fallen asleep as if struck down by.thunder. He wants to underline the fact that Fate has given a golden opportunity to them and it must be availed of. (io) Explain : ‘My strong imagination sees a * erownyDropping upon thy head’. ‘Ans. Antonio is now more open than before in laying bare his vicious plan. He says that he is already seeing Sebastian being crowned as a king. Slowly and surely he is whetting the secret desire in Sebastian to be the king ed the passengers es he tempt himself. (0) How does Antonio later openly disclose what he wants? win Ans. Antonio tells Sebastian that he can be, the king of Naples by killing his sleeping brother Alonso. The prince Ferdinand is thought to be dead and’ the princess is married in a far‘off country. Gonzalo, who is devoted to Alonso, will be killed. Others would be happy to gbey them. | : (vf) Give the ineanings of the following words as, they are used in the context of the passage : (a) nimble (6) speaks i Ans. (a) lively 4) incites PASSAGE-16 ‘i ‘Caliban agin A plague ‘upon the tyrant that I serve ! Tl bear him no more sticks, but follaw, thee «75 ‘Thou wondrous man. @ Ans. (i) (ii) Ans. (io) Ans. (Act, Il, Se Il) [ISC Specimen Question Paper] Who is Caliban ? Whom does he refer to as “tyrant” ? Caliban, the son of a witch, is a deformed, evil-minded creature, He refers to his master Prospero as a ‘tyrant’. Who is the “wondrous man” ? Why does he appear wondrous to Caliban ? .. The ‘wondrous man’ is Stephano. He appears ‘wondrous to Caliban because he thinks him to be a god who had dropped straight from the sky. What is Caliban’s attitude towards the “tyrant” ? Why is he afraid of this person ? Caliban’s attitude towards Prospero, the “tyrant, is spiteful: He is afraid of Prospero because Prospero is a very powerful'magician who can get him tormented by. his invisible spirits he controls by his magic. What does Caliban promise to do for the “wondrous man” soon after these lines ? Caliban promises to take Stephano to where crab-apples grow. He promises to dig out groundnuts with his nails. He will show him ” the joy’s nest and teach him how to entrap the ©), Ans. (i) Ans, te bushy-tailed monkey. He will also take him to the hazel shrub. Who else is present here ? What role does this person play in the drama? Trinculo, a professional jester, is also present here. It is he who provides comic relief in tragic situations by his antics and comic remarks. He is a part of the conspiracy hatched by Caliban ‘against Prospero. Give the meanings of the following words as. they are used in the context of the passage : (@) plague (b) wondrous (a) éurse dtPASSAGE-17 Gonzalo ‘All things in common nature should produce Without sweat or endeavour ; treason, felony ‘Sword, pike, knife, gun, or need of any engine, Would I not have; but nature should bring forth, Of its own kind all fusion, all abundance, To feed my innocent people. Sebastian No marrying ‘mong his subjects ? Antonio None, man; all idle—whores and knaves. Gonzalo I would with such perfection govern, sir, T’ excel the Golden Age. Sebastian ’Save his Majesty ! Antonio Long live Gonzalo! (i What idea of his commonwealth has been given by Gonzalo earlier in the context ? ‘Ans, According to Gonzalo, his commonwealth will be different from any other country at present. All men would be idle and all women would be innocent and pure. There would be no rule of king, There would be no officer of ' “laws. There would be no education. There would be no riches or poverty. (i) How does he further elaborate the concept of his commonwealth? ‘Ans. He’ says that in his commonwealth the people would not have to toil. There would be no treachery or crime or even weapons. According to him,’ Nature would bestow .- everything on his people. (ii) How do. Antonio and Sebastian react to Gonzalo’s idea of his commonwealth ? ‘Ans, There is no doubt that Gonzalo’s concept of his commonwealth is absurd and impractical. But the way Antonio and Sebastian make fun Gc of him only reveals their heartlessness, ‘They even mock at him by saying ‘God save the King ! and ‘Long live Gonzalo’ ! Their words are too insensitive and hurtfi (io) Why has Gonzalo come up with his idea of commonwealth:at an inopportune time ? ‘Ans. Gonzalo agrees that his concept of the commonwealth is absurd, yet he has spoken about it in order to amuse the listeners. He feels sorry that he has not been able to mabe them laugh as they are all insensitive souls, (0) What do you think of the concept of the commonwealth ? ‘Ans. The idea of a primitive commonwealth, as "stated by Gonzalo, refers to the talk of the ideal form of government which was quite common in Shakespeare’s times. This ideal form of government is only a dream, and differs from person to person. (vi) Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage: (a) engine (b) fusion Ans. (a) machine (b) plenty PASSAGE-18 Antonio Ay, sit, where lies that ? If ‘twere a kibe "Twould put me to my slipper, but I feel not This deity in my bosom, Twenty consciences That stand’twixt me and Milan, canded be they ‘And melt ere they molest ! Here lies your brother, No better than the earth he lies upon. If he were that which now he’s like (that’s dead) Whom I with this obedient steel-three inches of Can lay to bed forever (whiles you, doing thus, To the perpetual wink for aye might put This ancient morsel, this Sir Prudence, who Should not upbraid our course)-for all the rest, They'll take suggestion as a cat laps milk; i They'll tell the clock to any business that i We say befits the hour. (Act 1, $e | ISC Self-Study Lit. in English Paper!we (9 What has Antonio tempted Sebastian with? {Ans Antonio has tempted Sehastiny vy PASSAGE-19 ; dream of becoming the king ex ie Sebastian et Alonso, the king of Naples, is sleeping nex THY case, dear friend, ? them. Antonio wants Sebastian to avai ofthis Shall be my precedent ; As thou got'st Milan, f golden opportunity, kill hi : ° \ im and usurp his _ I'll come by Naples. Draw thy sword! one stroke - Lome “p Shall fre thee from te which thee the tribute which thou payest; . ii) What d tian rem Pap Pay y (i) What does Sebastian remind Antonio? What And I the King shall love thee. ay does he ask him? k Ans. Sebastian Antonio f . set Tein, Antonio that he ousted Draw together, y own brother Prospero from his thos , i , © And when I rear my hand, do you the like twelve years ago. When Antonio asks him to ; Ic val see how the new position suits him, addin To fall it on Gonzalo. (Act, Sc1) ty that his brother's servants are now hie one in (9. What ‘case’ of Antonio is being referred to me Sebastian suddenly asks him what is about his eee et id conscience. He means to ask if his conscience A" Sebastian refers to Antonio's cunningly a! has never pricked him for his evil deca ousting his brother Prospero from power and Btn Howe . ; putting an end to his life, and becoming the | ii) How does Antonio respond ? Duke of Milan himself. He says that it will | _Ans. Antonio asks Sebastian where is the seat of serveas an example for him, while he does the conscience. In a contemptuous tone he cave same thing to his brother Alonso. that if conscience were a sore on his heel he _ (ii) What has Antonio suggested to Sebastian would put on his slippers. He clearly says that earlier in the context ? he has no conscience to speak to him. Ans. Antonio, on finding Alonso fast sleeping, tempts Sebastian to kill his brother and become the king of Naples in his place. He has his own interest in the matter. (if) What does Sebastian ask Antonio to do ? Why? Ans. Sebastian knows that Antonio wants to be free from the obligation of paying the annual subsidy to Alonso with whose help he has usurped his brother's dukedom. So he asks (iv) Whatis Antonio's plan? How doeshe change it? Ans. Antonio sees that Sebastian has some inhibition in his mind about killing his own brother. He changes his plan and says that he is ready to kill his sleeping brother while he (Sebastian) should kill Gonzalo who is completely devoted to Alonso. (2) What impression do you form of Antonio Antonio to kill Alonso. and Sebastian ? (i=) Why is Gonzalo the special target of the two villains? Ans. Both Antonio and Sebastian are evil-minded. Antonio seems to be a harder criminal than Sebastian. He has no repentance in his mind for what he has done to his brother Prospero. Ans. Gonzalo is completely loyal to Alonso, the king of Naples. Antonio and Sebastian feel that he may harm them in any way. So they decide to kill him along with Alonso. They do not fear others who they know will be happy to obey their commands. (v) How is their plan defeated? Ans. Prospero, through his magic, has foreseen the danger to the life of Alonso and Gonzalo. So (vi) Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the passag (a) kibe (6) steel ‘Ans. (a) sore on the heel (?) sword TSC Self-Study Lit. in Engilsh Paperthe has already sent Ariel to save them from being killed. Ariel sings in Gonzalo's ears. He wakes up and soon Alonso too wakes up. Both are puzzled to see Antonio and Sebastian with their drawn swords. Antonio and Sebastian escape on the excuse of saving them from bulls or lions whose grow! they have heard. (ci) Give the meanings of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage: (a) precedent (b) rear Ans. (a)example (b) lift PASSAGE-20 Trinculo What have we here, a man or a fish ? Dead or alive ? A fish = he smells like a fish, a very ancient and fish-like smell, akind of - not of the newest Poor-John. A strange fish ! Were I in England now (as once I was) and had but this fish painted, not a holiday fool there but would give a piece of silver. There would this monster make a man; any strange beast there makes a man. When they will not give a doit to relieve a lame beggar, they will lay out ten to see a dead Indian. Legged like a man and his fins like arms ! Warm, o’my troth !I do now let loose my opinion hold it no longer, this is no fish, but an islander that hath lately suffered by a thunderbolt. Alas, the storm is come again. My best way is to creep under his gaberdine; there is no other shelter hereabout. Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows ! I will here shroud till the dregs of the storm be past. (Act II, Se 11) () Who is Trinculo ? Where is he now ? Why does he want to hide himself 7 Ans. Trinculo is a fester, He is on one part of Prospero’s island. He wants to hide himself to escape from rain, the indication of which is given by the occasional roar of the thunder in the sky. ‘Ans, Cal ‘Ans. The appearance of (i), Where is Caliban 7 What task is he doing and how? ‘an is lying at a place close to w/ Trinculo is. Seeing Trinculo from afar, by has fallen flat on the ground, thinking tha. Trinculo is another spirit of Prospero who hay come to torment him. He is carrying a load « wood unwillingly and curses Caliban for hi, sufferings. (iii) What makes Trinculo confused ? Caliban who 100ks like a fish, lying on the ground, surprises ang confuses Trinculo. He fails to recognize Caliban as he has legs like a man’s and his firs are like arms. Then he tells himself that this creature is nota fish but a strange native of the island. (0) Where does Trinculo hide himself ? Ans. Trinculo hears thunder and feels that the storm has started again. He decides to take shelter under Caliban’s cloak, as there is no shelter nearby. He tells himself that in misery one is forced to keep company with strange fellows. (0) What makes us laugh at Stephano’s remarks later in the context ? ‘Ans. Stephano who is dead drunk comes to havea glimpse of Caliban lying on the ground, with Trinculo hiding in his cloak. When he remaris that this is the monster of the island with four legs, we are amused and cannot help laughing (of) Give the meanings of the following words s they are used in the context of the passage: (a) doit (b) dregs Ans. (a) a small Dutch coin (6) remnants PASSAGE-21. Stephano Come on your ways; open your mouth. Here that which will give language to you, cat. Open your mouth ! This will shake your shaking, I can tel you,ee and that soundly. [Pour into Caliban’s mouth] ‘You cannot tell who's your friend. pen your chaps again. Trinculo Ishould know that voice. It should be - but he is, drowned, and these are devils, O, defend me! Stephano Four legs and two voices ~ a most delicate monster ! His forward voice now is to speak well of his friend; his backward voice is to utter foul speeches and to detract. If all the wine in my bottle will recover him, I will help his ague. Come. Amen ! Twill pour some in thy other mouth. (Act Il, Se 11) (i What has confused Stephano? ‘Ans, The sight of Caliban lying on the ground, with Trinculo hiding in his cloak has confused Stephano. The two legs of Caliban and the two of Trinculo give him the impression that this is a monster with four legs. (i) What does Caliban say and why ? ‘Ans, Caliban thinks that Prospero’s spirit (Trinculo) is tormenting him. So he appeals to the spirit not to torment him, and assures him that he would bring the wood home faster. (iii) What behaviour of Stephano is amusing ? Ans, Stephano pours some wine into Caliban’s mouth after he hears Caliban’s voice. After that, he hears the voice of Trinculo. He remarks that the monster has four legs and two mouths. He is ready to pour wine into the second mouth. All this is quite amusing. (iv) How does Caliban behave later ? What plan does he suggest to Stephano ? Ans. Caliban, feeling drunk, considers Stephano a god. He kneels before him and is ready to worship him. He asks him to kill Prospero " who torments and tortures him. If Stephano is able to kill him, he will be the king of the island and he can also share bed with Prospero’s beautiful daughter. () Where does Caliban Ans, Caliban offers (oi) Give the meanings of the followin: > a offer to take Stephano and Trinculo ? What does it reveal about him? to take Stephano and ‘ F vhere crab-apples grow- Trincuo tothe place where crab-aPPIC FE ill dig up pig-nuts He ikem he ay ‘nest and teach them how fo entrap the bushy-tailed monkey. All this reveals that Caliban knows the place very (well, and that Caliban is ready to serve his new masters in place of Prospero. g words as, they are used in the context of the passage: (a) soundly (b) chaps . (a) without any mistake (b) jaws PASSAGE-22 Stephano Prithee, do not turn me about; my stomach is not constant. Caliban ‘These be fine things, an if they be not sprites; ‘That's a brave god, and bears celestial liquor. I will kneel to him. Stephano How didst thou ‘scape ? How cam’st thou hither ? Swear by this bottle how thou cam’st hither. I escaped upon a butt of sack, which the sailors heaved oerboard - by this bottle, which I made of the bark of a tree with mine own hands, since I was cast ashore. Caliban Til swear upon that bottle to be thy true subject, for the liquor is not earthly. (Act I, Se 11) (@) What “has Stephano seen ? Why has i surprised him ? x Ans. Stephano is drunk. He has seen Caliban lying on the ground, with Trinculo hiding in hi in his cloak. The four legs of these two persors make him regard it as a monster with four legs.; my (4) Explain: “Prithee, do not turn me about; ™) stomach is not constant’. pulling Stephane hake him ts. He has give him ent, iS _ Ans. Trinculo, in excitem Stephano asks hin pot tS stomach may throw out its conten drunk a lot, and shaking him may nausea. (ii) What does Caliba Trinculo ? ‘Ans. Caliban feels that these creatures are fine. He regards Stephano as 2 noble god as he carries with him a heavenly drink. He is ready to kneel before him. (iv) What jest of Stephano is quite hilarious ? Ans. Stephano asks Trinculo to kiss the bottle and swear as to how he reached there. In his drunken state, his bottle serves the purpose of the Bible which is used to take an oath, especially in courts. (o) What plan has Caliban in his mind to get rid of Prospero? Ans. Caliban wants Stephano to kill Prospero and burn his magical books. He also tempts him with the beauty of Miranda, and the kingship of the island. He is ready to serve his new masters if he kills Prospero. (vi) Give the meanings of the followi wing we they are used in the context of the ponsee : (a) celestial (b) heaved me Ans. (a) heavenly (6) lifted n think of Stephano and Ten times mote | And he’s compe Some thousand: Upona sore ingul Weeps when s! baseness Had never like ' But thes labours Most busiest wl (9 Who is Fer of wood ? ee swet Ans. Ferdinand Naples. In- Prospero h him the ¢ Ferdinand Miranda w (i) Explain: ‘S undergone Ans. Ferdinand. of wood is. hard task « are many | He hopes t him some | (Hi) Why does carrying Ic Ans., Miranda j Ferdinand to stand th and tailea.ut TO he ds. (a Ans. reached the island, and what is his purpose in raising the storm in the sea. In the second part, we are made aware of Prospero’s magical powers and his control over supernatural creatures like Ariel and the savage Caliban. In the third part, the world of romance is portrayed by showing the instant love that develops between Prospero’s daughter Miranda and Ferdinand, the son of his enemy Alonso, the king of Naples. Thus, the whole scene can be taken as an exposition of different layers of the play- realism, romance and supernaturalism. oral In what condition is Alonso ? What is the attitude of his companions towards him ? Alonso, his brother Sebastian, Gonzalo, Antonio and some other lords safely land on one part of the island. They engage themselves in talks. Alonso is sad and dejected, and is actually grieving over the supposed death of his son Ferdinand. He thinks that Ferdinand> to console him but is drowned. Gonzalo tries ie fails to do so. Alonso rejects his wor hope. Sebastian and Antonio Fve no compassion in their hearts. They do av ael pity for Alonso. They make fun of every ork nade by Gonzalo. Sebastian tells his brother that he himself is responsible for the death of his son. If Alonso had not got his daughter married to an African king, there would have been no need for them to make a voyage to a distant land. They would not have then to face the storm on their return voyage. Gonzalo tells Sebastian that he is only adding to Alonso's grief. He feels that being a brother he should try to console him rather than rubbing his sore. Then to divert Alonso's attention from his son's death, he changes the topic. He begins to speak of his idea of the commonwealth and what he would do if he ‘were the king of the island. It becomes clear that Antonio and Sebastian are hard-hearted and are not at all sympathetic towards Alonso, Neither utters even formal words of sympathy or pity for him. It is only his devoted old lord Gonzalo who feels for him and tries to console him. (b) What is Gonzalo’s idea of the common- wealth? Why does he talk of the common- wealth? Ans. Gonzalo gives his idea of the commonwealth. Gonzalo says that if he were to be the king of the island, he will try to establish a unique society. In his ideal commonwealth there will be no need to do any trade and no need of literature. There will be total equality without any distinction of wealth or status. As there ee ‘time, there will be no court or thee willbe no weapons of warn ths se Nature herself “would ' ant needed. No one will hav toil for anything, Antonio i there would be no a Gonzalo's state women would be whores os and that all would be knaves, are hard-hearted and the need to work or provide everything“ and all the men ' Gonzalo does not feel offended by Me and Sebastian say because he Antonio eas are impractial. He has a ie a en er ane Aloe grief over the supposed death of his son In what way the situation in which Al eve een reveals the ch: companions ? ‘Alonso is in deep grief as he is sure his son has perished in the sea. His oy brother Sebastian and Antonio have y words of sympathy for him. They are hard] hearted and vicious persons. Sebastig speaks harsh words to the grieving kr Instead of consoling him he adds to his gre by charging him to make an unc voyage. He says that if he had not mania! his daughter to an African king there woul| have been no need of making the voyage an they would not have to face the storm on ty return voyage. Like Sebastian, Antonio toy feels no pity for the king. Gonzalo, an old lord, of course, tries } console Alonso. He says that there is som mystery about the island. Their clothe} are as fresh as they were before. There an] indications of life here. Then he speaks of hi ideal commonwealth in which there woul be complete equality and no work to do fe living. He talks non-sense only to dive Alonso's attention from his son's death. Hei a devoted, kind-hearted lord, Even Francis another lord, tells Alonso that it is possitl that his son is alive, Thus, except Antori and Sebastian, others feel _sympathet! towards All ee lonso. They are sincere devoted to their king. SET-7 Give an account of the treacherous pl made by Antonio and Sebastian agi Ans. tis Ariel who, according to Prospero's p# «1, Sends all the lords, except Alonso, Antom 1 and Sebastian to sleep. Alonso is surprised _ See all of them asleep. Sebastian suggest * sinyAlonso to go fo'sleep as well while Anto® and he will stand guard. Alonso accepts? (0 Ans. (a)(b) ns. C Self suggestion and goes to 5} manner Alonso so Sebastan’s mind, Antonio provokes Sebast; brother, the king of Naples, ao kill his kingdom. Sebastian entertai seize his Cep. In a vey subi ; ins this j because he thinks that as Ferdina fe drowned, and Alonso's daughter is ear off toa distant pla i the king. He mente Sould easily become overthrew his broth, conscience pricks him. Antoni nan that his conscience never bathers bee they agree to execute their plan They decide words and kill Al Gonzalo. In the meanwhile, Ariel awelere Gonzalo who rouses others with a shoot All get up and see Sebastian and Antonio standing with their swords out. Sebastian gives a lame excuse by saying that a roar in the distant place made them take out their swords. The roar of the animal at the distant place frightens the courtiers and forces them to move away from: that spot to another part of the island in search of Alonso's son Ferdinand. What do you think, who is more villainous - Antonio or Sebastian ? It is clear from the way each of them, Antonio and Sebastian, behaves that Antonio is more villainous than Sebastian, Sebastian is evil- minded, no doubt, yet he is not as completely heartless as Antonio. First of all, it is ae who gives the idea to Sebastian of killing his brother and becoming in his place the king of Naples. Antonio does not reveal his vicious plan at once. He speaks in a veiled and indirect manner in order to probe Sebastian's mind. When he is certain that it is not risky to reveal his plan that he expresses is plan in clear terms. Sebastian gets tempted by th idea of becoming the king. At first, Antonio : will strike asks Sebastian to kil Alonso as he will srk down Gonzalo. ‘Sebastian asks why they should Kill Gonzalo unneccesarity. It revels that he is not ‘completely inhuman. Lit. in (G) (@) Ans. even asks Antonio if Antonio's conscience does not ever prick him. Antonio's reply reveals how cruel he is. When Antonio feels that Sebastian may not be able to kill his own brother, he reverses the plan. He asks Sebastian to kill Gonzalo while he himself will put an end to Alonso's life. Thus, it is clear that Antonio is more evil- minded, cruel and inhuman than Sebastian. What role is played by Ariel in saving the lives of both Alonso and Gonzalo ? It is Ariel who puts all the lords to sleep by his sweet music. He overhears the treacherous plan hatched by Antonio and Sebastian against Alonso, the king of Naples, and his faithful lord Gonzalo. Ariel, in an aside, reveals that his master Prospero has already come to know by his magic the danger which threatens Gonzalo who had been Prospero’s well-wisher. He feels that he has therefore sent him to preserve the lives of both Gonzalo and Alonso, because otherwise his scheme would come to nought. So Ariel begins to sing a song in Gonzalo’s ears. Gonzalo suddenly wakes up and seeing Sebastian and Antonio with their swords drawn shouts to awake Alonso. He asks Sebastian and Antonio why they have drawn the swords. Alonso wakes up and asks what the matter is. Sebastian makes an excuse that they have drawn their swords on hearing a sudden and loud noise like the roaring of bulls or perhaps of lions. Antonio also sides with him. Thus, Ariel is able to foil the evil plan of tlie two villains, Gee) Give an account of Trinculo’s encounter with Caliban as described in Act II, Scene II. Caliban is sent to bring fuelwood. He goes out tocarry out the order of Prospero. Ashecollects the fuelwood he begins to curse Prospero. He shows his fear of the spirits commanded by Prospero. Sometimes the spirits appear to him in the shapes of apes and make fun of him. Sometimes they take the shape of snakes and hiss to drive him crazy. GsQL. Referring Ans. It is in A 3 closely to the relevant scenes in describe how Antonio convinces the Pay ig murder Alonso ? How is the Sebastian t conspiracy foiled ? ct II, Scene I, that Antonio gets the chance to instigate Sebastian against his own brother, Alonso, the king of Naples. He knows that he can get his freedom from annual tribute he has to pay to king Alonso and gains supremacy if king Alonso is killed. He senses and evil kind of ambition in Sebastian. Fearing, that Sebastian may go against him if he openly asks him to kill his brother and becomes king in his place, he begins to proceed to the matter indirectly. He tells Sebastian that he does not seem to make the best use of the opportunity to secure greatness. Sebastian asks him to communicate to him what he has in his mind. Antonio asks him. if he agrees with him that Ferdinand, Alonso's only son, is drowned. Sebastian agrees with him. Then Antonio asks him who is the next heir to the crown of Naples. Sebastian says that the next heir to the crown is the king’s (Alonso's) daughter, Claribel. Antonio tells him that Claribel is the queen of Tunis, which is very far away from Naples. She will not hear the news soon. Pointing directly to the sleeping king, he remarks bluntly that there are persons who can rule Naples as well as he (Alonso) sleeps here. Then suddenly Antonio asks Sebastian what he considers of the chance of advancing his fortunes. Sebastian now realizes what Antonio wants him todo. Antonio now lays bare his evil plan, He asks Sebastian to kill Alonso and Gonzalo nce ta Soa fails to resist the tayeting him. Sebastian Naples. Antonio ake hen beets hes of ples. Antonio asks him to draw his sword, The opening scene of a play is alway 9 is overhearing their convengs | Ariel wh Pr seems to have emarks that Prospero the danger to Alonso and Conn a why, he has sent him to protect their i He sings a song 7 Gonzalo’s ear. It awa] Gonzalo who in turn awakes Alonso. and Alonso are surprised to see Antonio Sebastian with drawn swords. Antonio gy Gebastian’s plan is, thus, foiled by through Ariel. Antonio and Sebastian themselves by saying that they drew swords as they heard loud roaring of animal, All get frightened and decide to my, from that place to some other place. Bring out the dramatic significance of | opening scene of the play The Tempest. significant. It introduces the main characte in one way or the other. It initiates the mg) action as well. There are also hints about ty direction the play will head through. If its successful it arouses our curiosity as to wha! is going to happen next. The opening scene in The Tempest i dramatically quite melodramatic as it is abed a shipwreck. It takes us straight into the hex] of the action. The details about the shipwred | and the rescue operation reveal Shakespear} knowledge even about technical matters. The scene opens on a ship amidst a furea| storm at sea. There is a panic among & Passengers on the ship. The passengers coc out of their cabins and rush towards # deck. The boatswain asks the meddleso#) Passengers to go back to their cabins. It app that the ship will sink and the passengers "2 Brow Panicky, but Gorzalo, the old cou py aimand makes ight ofthe fearful sta Saying that the boatswain is not likely ®™drowned because heis destined to be hanged, Since he is not to be drowned, and with bi 1 aboard, the ship cannot sink, When Gonzalo sees that the ship is about to sink, he says that he wollld like to die a dry death. Itis Pertinent to note that when the other Passengers are panicky, Gonzalo retains his mental poise and makes humorous remarks, rev The opening scene eals the characters of Gonzalo, Avy » it and Sebastian, ntonio The scene reveals that Shakespeare was acquainted with the language of the sailors, It is due to’ this reason that he has used the sailors’ language and technical terms in the opening scene: It appears that Shakespeare acquired the sailors’ language from some seamen whom he had met. The scene illustrates a moral. It Points out that danger reduces the royal passengers and the common people to the same level. When Alonso, the king of Naples, talks to the boatswain, he is hardly respectful to the king in such troubled circumstances. When Alonso tells the boatswain, “Good boatswain, have care, where's the master ? . Play the men!” the boatswain replies curtly, “I pray now, keep below!” The opening scene is dramatically significant because it initiates the central action of the Play. Alll the events that follow are connected with the storm that takes place in the opening scene. Though it does not introduce the main characters, it arouses in our mind the curiosity to know more about the fate of the Passengers aboard the ship. We also realize that supernatural agency plays a part in the shipwreck. The real exposition of the play starts with the next scene. 23. Many objections have been raised to we litle The Tempest given to the play by Shakespeare. Do you think the title is apt or Rot ? Discuss and illustrate. ae . t jety in the titles assigne SSeS Li tn Enech Paper ins, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear and Hamlet derive their tiles from the names of their heroes, ‘Then there are fanciful, theme-orlented titles of his plays such as Aw you Like Il, Twelftl Night, ‘The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, ete. The title The Tempest given to the play has given tise to some controversy, yet it seems to be apt. The sea-storm or the tempest in the play is used to cut the characters off from their places and people with whom they were living, It forces them to acquaint themselves with new situations and to re-examine their acts and establish new relationships. The tempest cuts Prospero, Antonio and Alonso and others off from their fatural world and forces them to live on a mysterious island in the company of spirits. It becomes a place where Jove and reconciliation are allowed to conquer hatred, jealousy and revenge. Though Prospero has all the reasons to take revenge on his enemies with his powers, he chooses a different path i.e, the path of forgiveness. He says, “1m they being penitent The sole drift of my purpose does extent Nota frown farther.” The title, therefore, does not refer only to physical storm in the beginning of the play but to the turbulent passions of the characters also in the later part of the play. The turbulent passions of the characters, like the storm, are magically transformed into calmness and peace. We find that repentance, reconciliation and forgiveness reign supreme on the island. But some critics opine that The Tempest is not an appropriate title because the tempest, i.e. the sea-storm, suggests death and destruction. We neither find any death nor destruction in the play. All the passengers on board the ship escape death and even the ship is intact and ready to sail back to Naples. They argue that the central action of the play follows the storm and so they suggest that the appropriate title would be ‘After the Tempest.’ But those who are opposed to this title argue that his title is neither poetic nor suitable. Moreover, it is to be noted that the sea-storm is not natural but is raised by Prospero's magical art for acertain purpose. When Prosper0's purpose & served, the storm ceases and there is peace and calmness, That is the reason that there is neither any death nor destruction. On the contrary, the storm is beneficient. The action that follows the storm brings victory of the good over the evil. Thus the play ends on a note of repentance and forgiveness. ‘As such, there is no doubt that the title of the play is quite appropriate. It gives us an essential idea of the story of the play, the basis of which is undoubtedly a sea-storm. Q4. The plot of the play The Tempest is very well constructed. Do you agree ? Discuss with close reference to the text. Ans. The Tempest is the last play of Shakespeare. It marks a divergence from his other plays. In this play Shakespeare has observed, like Ben Jonson in his plays, the three unities of time, place and action. The observance of these three unities is responsible for the well-knit plot structure of the play. The compactness of the play has achieved by the observance of three unites In observing the three nities — unity of action, unity of time and unity of place — Shakespeare has achieved marvellous economy. The whole action of the play revolves around Pros the king of Milan. He is wr tte of the sea. $ Spe the fury of waves prinhabitated island. It ig a the ler acti ce tion takes of Fonte, SP Pls, namely Place, is way the unity of time is observed, ine of place, too, has been strictly adhe to except the first scene which takes plage the sea near the shore. All other scenes place on the island. Thus the adherence to three unities — unity of action, unity of ¥ and unity of place — bring compactness tog, structure of the play, The plot has four elements of interest Whig are woven together with a wonderful and marvellous craftsmanship. The main revolves around Prospero, the king of \ who suffered at the hands of his treact and ambitious brother Antonio and how treats those who did him wrong. at one stage of his life got interested in gy study of philosophy and magic. He becasy indifferent to the management of state affain| He spent most of his time in the study of bools| So he entrusted the mai t k i anagement of stay affairs to his brother Antonio. Antonio becamy Snbigous and, taking the advantage of bs ; peiereste des joined hands with Alons ng of Naples, and expelled Prospes from his dukedom and cast him adrift witha three-year old daughter, Mi ina i ighter, Miranda, in a rote ship. Somehow he escaped the ft sea-waves and reach pee ak ee lere the further action of ipa tar To this oan yn no the Play follows. which bos are added two sul Pith develop along with the main pat of these subplots revolves . ; around Anton! and Sebastian who plan to murder Alonea ti ing of Naples, in hi bey draw and Stephan, murder Pg who pak a conspiracy Sea eld Ta The'foten ae magic power of Prospe® ent love-sto f Ferd; of the Plot concems | Case Of Loy, and Miranda. Itby Prospero's magic. The lovestg further inthe “play. pest” disgusting labour for the safe nt Accepts Miranda. Miranda offers.a drudgery. Their love ende But the ultimate consummation ary oe has nothing to do with Prospers'y i Ove is one of the finest love, idylic epraneet these four elements of interest in the fay hve Inshort, the plot of The Tempest close-knit and reveals Shakes of dramatic art, is compact and Peare’s Mastery Q5. Comment on the view ¢ Tempest illustrates the id and freedom. hat the play The leas of forgiveness ‘Ans. On the surface the play The Tempest seems to be a play of revenge. Prospero seems to be engaged in teaching a lesson to his enemies The raising of the tempest in the sea by his magical powers starts his revenge. But if we carefully analyse the play, it seems that forgiveness and reconciliation are the main ideas projected by the play. Another important idea which the play highlights is freedom, Prospero, the Duke of Milan, was cruelly wronged and deceived by his treacherous brother Antonio with the help of Alonso, the king of Naples. Prospero who at one stage of his life got interested in the study of philosophy and magic became indifferent to the management of the state affairs. He spent most of his time in the study of books. So he entrusted the management of state affairs to his brother Antonio. Antonio grew ambitious and, taking the advantage of Prospero's disinterestedness, joined hands with Alonso, the king of Naples, and expelled Prospero from his dukedom and cast him adrift with his three-year old daughter, Miranda, in a rolten ship, Somehow he escaped the fury of the waves and reached an uninhabited island, Here he is not safe. | The savage named Caliban curses rd er making him his slave. He plots wit to drunken associates Trinculo and ee murder him (Prospero). Caliban eon da. ~attempts to outrage the modesty o} Thus he has all the justification to take revenge onhis enemies with his powers. But he chooses a different path, ie,the path of forgiveness. He says : they being penitent, The sole drift of my purpose does extent Nota frown farther.” ‘Thus he resolves to forgive them if they repent for their wrong-doings. First of all, he forgives his treacherous and ambitious brother Antonio. Then he forgives Alonso who is repentant due to the supposed loss of his son Ferdinand. He also forgives Sebastian for his conspiracy. Thus we find that Prospero’s forgiveness is solemn, judicial, and has in it something abstract and impersonal. He does not want to act against his own noble nature and therefore gives up the desire for revenge. He forgives the three rogues — Caliban, Trinculo and Stephano — on the condition that they should return the stolen trumpery and tidy up his cell neatly. Thus Shakespeare conveys the theme that the happiness of life is attained not by taking revenge but by granting forgiveness, The other idea that Shakespeare conveys is that true freedom of man consists in service. Ariel who cherishes freedom throughout the Play obeysall the commands of Prospero to get early freedom. In response to Ariel's demand for freedom, Prospero reiterates his promise to grant him freedom. So Ariel obeys Prospero’s commands without any grudge and takes Pride in doing labour that is repulsive to him. Prospero’s praises of his services done to him please him. At last when he attains his long- cherished freedom, he feels extremely happy and melts into the elements. But to Caliban, service is slavery. He reluctantly carries Prospero’s logs, obeys him but curses him. He curses Prospero for usurping his island which legitimately belongs to him. He is possessed by the love of freedom and sings the song for freedom. He conspires with Stephano and Trinculo to kill Prospero and promises Stephano to serve